Articles tagged with Computer Modeling
A new study by National Center for Atmospheric Research scientist Jeffrey Kiehl examines the relationship between global temperatures and high levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere tens of millions of years ago. The study finds that atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gas may reach levels that existed about 30 million to 100 ...
A study has characterized a crucial chemical reaction that affects ground-level ozone formation in urban areas. The research, funded by NSF and NASA, reveals that current computer models may underestimate ozone levels in urban areas by up to 10%.
A new study by NCAR scientists finds that deciduous plants absorb about a third more oVOCs than previously thought, taking in 36% more compounds globally. This process cleanses the atmosphere, with plants adapting their metabolism to absorb chemicals as a response to stress.
A simplified clinical tool has led to the reclassification of millions of Americans into different risk groups, potentially affecting their treatment. The study found that 15% of adults were reclassified, with 10% moving to higher-risk groups and 5% to lower-risk groups, leading to potential over-treatment or under-treatment.
A new University of Central Florida study will examine how rising sea levels threaten barrier islands, beaches, and critical habitats in the Florida Panhandle and along the Alabama and Mississippi coasts. The research aims to provide policymakers with data to plan for a changing coastline.
A Stanford University study has found that carnivorous grasshopper mice are the primary carriers of the deadly plague disease in prairie dog towns. The research suggests that when grasshopper mouse density becomes high, it leads to an epizootic, resulting in the deaths of virtually all prairie dogs in a town.
Researchers use computer models to reveal how genetic mutations and nervous system activity disrupt heart rhythm, increasing risk of sudden cardiac death. The study's findings may lead to preventative treatment options for those at high risk.
A researcher at the University of Illinois Chicago is using computer modeling to improve the durability of mud bricks and rammed earth structures. The project aims to provide insights into their structural behavior and design safer buildings.
A new computer model developed by NC State University researchers allows engineers to test different vehicle designs for a Mars rover. The model takes into account various conditions such as wind and terrain, enabling informed decisions about the final design characteristics.
A team of scientists led by Caltech biologists found that cell-cycle length and chromosome duplication without division play key roles in determining sepal cell sizes in Arabidopsis thaliana. This probabilistic development process results in unique patterns and proportions among sepals.
Researchers discovered that birds use complex patterns and color to detect foreign eggs, but surprisingly, they don't rely on the unique scribbles found only on host eggs. This finding offers insights into a 20 million-year-old evolutionary arms race between cuckoo parasites and their hosts.
Researchers at NIH/National Institute of General Medical Sciences have created a synthetic population using census data to simulate disease spread and study social networks. The virtual population accurately represents the country's demographics, allowing for faster and more accurate disease-spread simulations.
Computer modeling and systems biology approaches can help tailor treatments to individuals, predicting disease progression and identifying host genes that affect viral development. This approach may lead to more effective treatment, detection, and prevention of future pandemics.
K-State professor Simon Ou has received a National Science Foundation CAREER Award to develop automated reasoning for cybersecurity. His project aims to improve enterprise network security and critical infrastructure protection by providing a theoretical framework for reasoning under uncertainty.
A study by Penn State researchers used a computer model to compare senators' voting records to their floor statements on issues. The findings showed that legislators tend to use nouns and adjectives that signal their voting patterns. Future research could include building automated programs to analyze real-time data.
Computer science researchers at University of Maryland create virtual worlds using advanced modeling and prediction techniques to analyze military and policy actions. These virtual worlds allow defense analysts to predict the most likely outcomes of different courses of action, enabling them to make informed decisions.
The University of Minnesota team developed the Virtual StreamLab, a highly accurate computer model that simulates natural water flows with unprecedented detail and realism. The model has been used to study the Outdoor StreamLab, a scaled natural stream along the Mississippi River, resulting in over 90 million data points.
Researchers at MIT developed a new modeling methodology to determine the capacity and assess risks of leakage in potential underground carbon-dioxide reservoirs. The tool can quickly predict how carbon dioxide will migrate through subsurface, reducing hours or days of computational time required.
Researchers developed a simple computer model that can predict specific outcomes for a given bank with minimal data demands. The model uses Locally Weighted Scatter Plot Smooth to identify potentially troubled banks by comparing their performance with similar peers.
Using synthetic evolution, researchers created a simple state-dependent model for sodium channels that provides accurate behavior on short time scales and out to several seconds. This breakthrough helps scientists understand the important details about how the brain works.
Researchers developed computer models to classify injury reports based on specific words or phrases, identifying key causes of injuries. The models achieved high accuracy rates, comparable to human coders, and have the potential to lead to automated report coding programs.
NASA's Aqua satellite captured two views of Hurricane Bill's cloud cover, revealing strong thunderstorms and a powerful hurricane. The storm is expected to strengthen as it nears Bermuda, posing a threat to the East Coast.
A multidisciplinary team led by Carnegie Mellon University will develop revolutionary computational tools to advance science in fields like cancer treatment and aircraft safety. The researchers aim to improve understanding of pancreatic cancer and atrial fibrillation using Model Checking and Abstract Interpretation techniques.
A team of Indian and American researchers used computers to extract patterns in ancient Indus symbols, creating a statistical model for the unknown language. The study provides insights into the underlying grammatical structure of the Indus script.
Researchers at Clemson University will use AnyBody Modeling System to create detailed computer models of the human musculoskeletal system, exploring issues like hip replacements and seating comfort. The donation also includes tools to predict and assess implant performance and longevity, accelerating product development.
Scientists have developed computer models explaining polymorphism in animal populations, where individuals can display multiple distinct forms. The research suggests that a modest level of predator dietary wariness is sufficient to maintain large numbers of prey forms within a single species.
A team of scientists has discovered that individual cells have programmed lifespan and fate, changing the approach to predicting immune responses. The findings could lead to more accurate computer models for infectious diseases and autoimmune conditions.
The University of Leeds team is developing a digital model to predict the timing of plant flowering, which could help farmers improve crop yields. The model uses computer simulations to account for changes in genetic structure and environmental factors like climate.
A new computer modeling platform, Plan C, developed at NYU can simulate complex emergency responses in urban scenarios. The model shows that implementing disaster plans within 30 minutes can significantly reduce mortality and waiting times.
A series of symposium papers explore AquaCrop and other agronomic models that estimate water use efficiency under varying conditions. The models were shown to adequately simulate WUE under well-watered conditions but tend to overestimate or underestimate WUE under water stress, limiting their usefulness for deficit irrigation scenarios.
A computer-based model has been developed to aid radiologists in diagnosing breast cancer by analyzing mammogram images. The model was trained on 48,744 mammograms and found that it could detect 41 more cancers than routine practice, with potential benefits including reduced unnecessary biopsies.
Researchers have found that underground water is a major sink for carbon dioxide in gas fields, storing it safely for millions of years. This breakthrough could improve the accuracy of computer models used for carbon capture and storage, a crucial approach to reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.
Alison Marsden's Y-Graft computer models can optimize Fontan procedures, predicting patient outcomes and exercise tolerance. The technology enables zero-risk testing of new surgery designs before patients undergo surgery.
MIT researchers have developed a new computer model that analyzes different methods of controlling malaria's spread. The model shows that environmental measures such as leveling land and eliminating pools of water can be an effective strategy in the fight against malaria.
The Nonhydrostatic ICosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM) successfully simulated the lifecycles of two real tropical cyclones. The model's realistic representation of clouds and atmospheric conditions allowed it to reproduce the birth, path, and evolution of the observed cyclones.
A computer model called Diag was developed to predict human behavior and learning in a circuit troubleshooting task. The model learned at the same rate as participants, replicating their strategy and solving problems accurately.
A new approach in cellular modeling reveals unexpected aspects of cell signaling pathways and suggests that the dynamic range of signals may be a greater determinant of cell behavior. The research offers a chance to uncover biological phenomena that might take thousands of hours to discover in the laboratory.
Researchers discovered three periods of high vegetation cover in the Sahara Desert over the past 120,000 years, tied to changes in Earth's rotation axis and increased precipitation. Computer model simulations support these findings, suggesting a potential expansion of vegetation in the region under human-driven climate change.
The Institute for Computational Sustainability will pursue research agendas that advance computing and benefit society, focusing on ecology, conservation, and environmental management. It aims to create a new field of computational sustainability, combining constraint optimization, dynamical systems, and machine learning.
Researchers at Wageningen University used special horseshoes to measure accelerations of horses undergoing aquatraining and walking normally, revealing lower impact forces during 'aquatic walking'. However, rising trot may not be as advantageous as previously thought, with similar back extension in both sitting and rising trot.
A new research project uses computer modeling to look at the best way of using ventilators while minimizing the risk of injury. Real-life data collected from patients will be used to create the models, which could lead to computer management of ventilators for optimal treatment and reduced harm.
A new study by University of Utah meteorologists finds that current climate models are accurate and can be valuable tools for reversing global warming trends. The study shows that coupled models can simulate present-day climate with accuracy approaching conventional observations.
A computer model developed by researchers at the Catholic University of Leuven can predict the oxygen concentration inside pears, leading to a better understanding of internal browning. The model suggests that extremely low oxygen concentrations in the core of the pear can lead to cell death and browning.
A team of Cornell researchers has developed a computer model that explains how granulite, a fine-grained metamorphic rock, forms in the Earth's crust. The model reveals that granulite can form at various depths but at similar temperatures as melted rock migrates up through the crust.
Researchers used topographic data from NASA's HiRISE camera to determine how a flow of pure liquid water would look on the images versus an avalanche of dry granular debris. The study found that the dry granular case was the winner, suggesting that liquid water has not been found on the Martian surface within the last decade.
Edmund M. Clarke has been recognized for his pioneering work on Model Checking, a technique that analyzes the logic underlying a design to detect errors in hardware and software. This approach has significantly improved the reliability of complex computer chips, systems, and networks.
Researchers find current computer vision tests misleading due to design flaws that enable computers to succeed where humans would fail. The team argues for revamping standards and images to better understand the difficulty of object recognition.
The new software TranStat analyzes infectious disease data to determine the probability of transmission between individuals. This information helps health officials develop effective strategies to contain outbreaks and conduct further studies in real-time.
Researchers will create detailed computer models of a new proposed type of nuclear reactor, the sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR), which can burn highly radioactive materials and operate without using new fuel. The project aims to improve understanding of the physics of the system to design safer reactors.
A new report highlights the ongoing debate over climate change models, with scientists emphasizing the importance of understanding physical laws while acknowledging uncertainties. The Institute of Physics' report notes that while there is general consensus on climate causes, there is not unanimity among experts.
Graduate students at Johns Hopkins University gather data on ragweed pollen behavior using high-tech and low-tech tools. Their findings could lead to better ways to track pollen travel and control its spread, benefiting 15 million people with ragweed allergies in the US and Canada.
Researchers at Loughborough University are developing advanced computer models to simulate sports equipment behavior, enabling more accurate designs and better performance. The models will aid in reducing prototype manufacturing costs and increasing participation in sports, leading to improved health benefits.
Researchers propose that early humans used efficient bipedal walking rather than chimp-like 'Groucho' walking. Without an Achilles tendon, their ability to run would be severely compromised, with top speeds halved and energy costs more than doubled.
Researchers used World of Warcraft to simulate a virtual epidemic, revealing the importance of individual behavior in spreading diseases. The outbreak, caused by a programming error, highlighted the limitations of computer models in predicting human behavior.
The new UC San Diego model can create life-like milk images based on fat and protein content, and work backwards to determine the composition of a material. This technology has potential applications in food safety, atmospheric science, and diagnostic medicine.
A team of biomedical engineers developed a computer model that uses Bayesian math to explain how the brain anticipates new motor skills. The model is based on similar learning patterns in humans and can predict the best ways to teach new movements, potentially helping stroke patients and designing physical therapy regimens.
Researchers have created a unique computer model that can bend electromagnetic radiation around an object, making it appear invisible from close range. This breakthrough uses light waves rather than beams, and could potentially be used in military technology such as fighter jets and submarines.
A new study finds that Arctic sea ice is retreating more quickly than computer models project, with the actual rate being 30 years ahead of schedule. The research indicates that greenhouse gases may be playing a significantly greater role in ice loss than previously thought.
A study by Dr. Brian Stemper and colleagues found that setting head restraints close to the back of the head can minimize injuries from whiplash. The researchers developed a computer model that shows increasing distances between the head restraint and the back of the head can lead to ligament stretch, making whiplash injury more likely.
Scientists use NASA satellite data and computer modeling to track Yellowstone bison migration patterns and predict when they will leave public land for private property, reducing conflicts with ranchers. The project provides daily maps of snowpack depth and density to inform park officials' decisions.