Articles tagged with Computer Modeling
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Research reveals that household dust is a significant source of flame retardants, posing health risks. The study suggests that frequent house cleaning and improved ventilation can help minimize exposure.
A new computer model reveals that ancient Palaeozoic seas were almost tideless, preventing oxygen circulation and creating an environment inhospitable to life. This finding has significant implications for understanding the evolution of early marine life and ancient climates.
Researchers at Stanford have developed a computer model that incorporates imaging data and can predict patient outcomes with increased accuracy. The model, which factors in the flexibility of veins and arteries, has shown promising results in large-animal studies, predicting flow after an aortic graft within 10%.
A study by Kevin Svitana found that an underground aquifer containing toxic chemicals is being kept trapped beneath old riverbeds, preventing them from reaching the Ohio River. The unique interaction between the aquifer and river appears to be due to the presence of permeable sands and gravels in the subsurface geology.
Researchers used computer models to locate areas where soil moisture influences rainfall, identifying common features known as 'hot spots'. These hot spots are found in transition zones between wet and dry regions, with implications for seasonal forecasting of rainfall and improving weather forecasts.
Scientists used computer models to analyze the internal structures of Jupiter and Saturn, finding that heavy elements like iron are concentrated in Saturn's core. The research uses data from shock compression experiments and helps improve models of the planets' formation.
The Emory research team will model disease outbreaks in hypothetical American communities to find the best methods of controlling epidemics. They will also investigate the interaction of microorganisms with the immune system and its relation to disease spread.
The MIDAS (Mathematical Information Domain for Assessment of Substantial Threats) project will create mathematical models to study infectious disease epidemics and community responses. The project, funded by the NIH, will provide user-friendly computer modeling tools for predicting and responding to bioterror threats.
Researchers from Rutgers University will follow the flow of a red dye on a research vessel for about five days to study the Hudson River Plume. The study aims to gain knowledge about where the plume goes and what it contains, with potential applications in predicting algae blooms and sewage disposal decisions.
A team of researchers from Cornell University and Gene Network Sciences Inc. has developed a 3D computer model of the canine heart to simulate ventricular fibrillation. The model aims to help understand the causes of this life-threatening condition, currently treated with electrical shocks that can damage the heart.
Research found that changes in land cover, particularly vegetation, have impacted regional temperatures and precipitation in the US. Land cover changes produced a significant cooling effect of more than one degree Fahrenheit in parts of the Great Plains and Midwest.
NIST develops standardized emergency response software and proposes industry-government collaboration to enhance interoperability. The proposed Electronic Emergency Response Framework will provide decision-makers with easily accessible modeling and simulation tools.
The system uses computer models to predict impacts of cities on regional and global land and atmospheric processes. By incorporating local energy and water cycles, predictions can be applied to climate and weather forecasting, agricultural management, and hazard mitigation.
A new computer model developed at Ohio State University provides a detailed understanding of how municipal wells in Woburn, Massachusetts, came to be contaminated with toxic chemicals. The results suggest that the contaminants likely originated from industrial properties and flowed into the nearby Aberjona River, raising concerns about...
A team of researchers used a computer model to simulate the impact of airbag deployment on pilots wearing night-vision goggles. The study found that minimal distance between the eyes and goggles increased stress on orbital bones, while a protective lens reduced impact force but increased surrounding bone pressure.
A NASA study tracked a dust storm that traveled from China to the French Alps in just two weeks, crossing multiple continents along the way. The research used computer models and meteorological data to recreate the dust's journey and understand its composition and origin.
A Texas forestry sciences researcher has developed a two-dimensional warping model based on the mechanics of layered composites, enabling factory managers to make changes in manufacturing processes. The model uses commercial spreadsheet software to calculate and plot overall linear expansion and out-of-plane warping of wood-based panels.
A computer model has been developed to calculate how concrete responds to salt and moisture exposure, allowing for the simulation of various factors that affect its durability. The model can be used for both designing new concrete structures and analyzing existing ones, enabling more accurate predictions of their lifespan.
Researchers predict a significant warming trend in global temperatures, with the greatest impact felt in winter hemispheres, due to retreating snow and ice in high latitudes. The range of predicted temperature changes is 1.5-6 degrees centigrade, with most models predicting a 2-4 degree rise.
Warren Washington predicts that the global climate will continue to warm into the 22nd century, albeit at a slower rate than if emissions are not controlled. Climate extremes such as heat waves, floods, and droughts are expected to become more severe and frequent.
Hydrologist Robert Lenhard has refined current constitutive theory to predict residual NAPL distribution in subsurface, resolving a critical contamination modeling problem. His new model predicts pulse-like contamination generation during heavy rainstorms and flooding, influencing environmental remediation choices.
The Molecular Sciences Institute (MSI) has been awarded a $15.5 million grant from the National Human Genome Research Institute to develop computer models of cellular signaling, aiming to predict intra-cellular signaling and enable more precise targeted treatments for diseases.
A NASA study suggests that mixed croplands can lead to a cooler and wetter climate in certain regions. The researchers used satellite measurements of vegetation to simulate regional climate and found that this type of land use can alter atmospheric circulation, leading to increased convection and precipitation.
Researchers at the AAAS Annual Meeting discuss advancements in nanoelectronics, including mesoscale structures and single-molecule devices that could lead to more powerful electronic and computing devices. The development of these devices is dependent on a better understanding of dynamic behavior and circuitry.
A virtual lung model developed at PNNL may help predict pollutant impact on respiratory systems, providing new insights into asthma and other pulmonary diseases. The model simulates how pollutants enter, travel through, and collect in the lungs, enabling scientists to design targeted treatments.
A new computer recycling model developed by Purdue University's Julie Ann Stuart can help recyclers determine the economic viability of processing bulk materials. The model takes into account factors such as metal prices and helps prevent financial losses for recyclers.
The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory has developed a low-cost method to fabricate scale models for aerodynamic wind tunnel tests. The alternative approach uses non-metallic materials like engineering polymers and thermoset resins, enabling program managers to obtain high-quality data at a fraction of the cost of trad...
A Princeton scientist created a computer model of a mouse brain that can recognize spoken words, challenging conventional views on sensory perception. The model uses sensitive timing of electrical signals to perform calculations, potentially leading to faster and more sophisticated brain functions.
A Carnegie Mellon University computer model performed as well as a human in managing seven tasks simultaneously and coping with frequent interruptions. The training advantages of the model are enormous, allowing operators to gain valuable experience at much less cost.
A new model developed at the University of Illinois predicts residual stresses in polymer-matrix components, enabling accurate prediction of final dimensions and dimensional accuracy. The model combines simulation with optimization methods to reduce product defects and improve manufacturing process.
A new computer model has shown early success in predicting toxic blue-green algae blooms up to four weeks before they occur. The model uses artificial neural networks to learn key factors contributing to algal outbreaks, enabling accurate forecasts and better understanding of the factors involved.
Researchers at University at Buffalo develop a system that allows physicians to store information about their touch during an exam using virtual reality. This data can be accessed by other physicians, enhancing clinical palpation and enabling more accurate diagnoses.
Researchers studied Atlanta, Salt Lake City, and other cities using Landsat data, finding that adding trees and light-colored roofs can cool city temperatures. Computer models also simulated land use changes to predict stormwater runoff patterns and urban growth in abandoned strip mines.
The Geophysical Fluid Flow Cell experiment simulated Earth's climate, the Sun's atmosphere, and other planets' atmospheres in microgravity. Scientists created models of fluid flows in planetary atmospheres using a nickel-coated steel ball, silicone oil, and artificial gravity.
A University of Florida professor's research indicates that complex computer models may underestimate pollution levels by up to 30% due to the effects of tiny particles on smog-forming gases. The study, set to appear in a leading international journal, suggests improvements are needed to air quality models.
A team of astronomers led by University of Michigan professor Douglas Richstone discovered three new supermassive black holes in nearby elliptical galaxies. The formation and evolution of galaxies are linked to the presence of massive black holes, which played a crucial role in shaping galaxy development.
A new device called a magnetorheological damper has been tested on a model building set atop an earthquake-simulating shake table, showing promise in minimizing damage in earthquakes. The device reduces the peak acceleration by 50 percent, and is designed to be inexpensive, straightforward, and powered by a battery.
Northern Hemisphere winters have warmed by up to nine degrees Fahrenheit over the last 30 years, likely due to human activities increasing greenhouse gases. Warmer winters will bring more wet weather to Europe and Western North America.
Researchers developed a new welding technique combining infrared sensors and predictive modeling to create the best seam possible. This approach promises to save the Navy up to $10 million per year at Ingalls shipyard alone, reducing the need for costly corrections.
Computer models of Venus' changing climate system may provide insights into Earth's dynamic past and potential future. The models suggest that volcanic activity could have increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to a cooling effect on the planet.
A team of engineers has developed a theory and algorithm that enables robots to adapt to changing conditions, solving a two-decade-old problem in intelligent control. The Max-Plus Algebra Model integrates low-level data sensing with high-level planning and decision-making processes, allowing robots to halt activity when necessary and r...
Researchers at Idaho National Laboratory have discovered that water flows chaotically through the ground in heterogeneous soils and fractured rock environments. Chaos theory can now be used to model this non-linear process, which is crucial for environmental restoration.
A new statistical analysis of 115 years of global temperature data strengthens the argument that human-caused emissions are warming the earth's atmosphere. The study found strong year-to-year correlations between actual temperature data and simulations from two leading computer models, indicating a consistent long-term trend.
KSU civil engineer Steven K. Starrett developed the KTURF program to predict pesticide and nitrogen leaching, which is within 4% of testing case values. The tool helps golf course turf managers screen chemicals and reduce groundwater contamination.
Scientists at NIST have successfully used an advanced measurement technique to study the evolution of complex defect structures in deformed metals. This breakthrough could lead to more accurate computer models that help manufacturers save hundreds of millions of dollars annually by reducing trial and error.
A Cornell University professor has developed mathematical and computer models to explain how different foods are affected by microwave heating. The models take into account food characteristics, placement in the oven, and oven power, providing a quantum leap in understanding of microwaving behavior. This research aims to improve the U....
A computer model predicts reliably the severity and timing of drought episodes six months in advance, helping farmers choose drought-tolerant crops and minimizing economic losses. The researchers also highlight the need to maintain adequate river levels to prevent barge traffic disruptions and ensure water supply.
A University of Cincinnati computer model is being used to study the most cost-effective plans for species preservation. The model, developed by researchers Jeffrey Camm and Amy Ando, takes into account both species distributions and land values to provide a more flexible and economical approach.
Researchers at Columbia University have devised a computer model that shows how earthquakes occur in a pyramidal distribution, with one larger quake and multiple smaller ones. The model helps estimate the likelihood of future damage by analyzing the relationship between faults and earthquake distributions.
Scientists study the feedbacks between vegetation and climate using computer models to predict future climate changes. The study found that forests create warmer temperatures in subarctic regions, affecting local ecosystems.
Researchers are using sophisticated computer models to predict the dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems facing unprecedented rates of climate change. Plant species may need to migrate at speeds up to 10 times faster than historically observed, but some terrains offer less suitable habitats for this adaptation.
A new coupled hydrologic model system simulates storm events and river basin response by linking atmospheric and hydrological models. The model was tested on the West Branch of the Susquehanna River basin, showing improved results with historic meteorological data compared to atmospheric predictions.
A computer model developed by Penn State researchers can predict the probability of land use change and microclimate formation in urban areas. The model uses satellite image data to calculate land use types, vegetation, and surface climate parameters, providing insights into urban growth and its impact on local liveability.
A new Yale University study estimates the lifetime economic cost of each person to society, taking into account global warming and other factors. The study suggests that the shadow price of a person comes out to about 30% of per capita Gross Domestic Product.
Astronomers use Hubble Space Telescope images and a computer model to study the behavior of stars in their infancy, shedding light on how cosmic dust influences the environment. The findings provide new insights into the formation of solar systems and the role of powerful jets of dust and gas in shaping star formation.
A workshop at UBC brought together faculty and graduate students from the Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences (PIms) with industrial partners to solve six practical problems. The team successfully identified a better way to identify cancerous lesions in lungs, reducing mortality rates.
Recent satellite data show no definitive warming trend in Earth's lower atmosphere over past two decades, contradicting computer models' predictions. The accurate temperature measurements are verified by multiple methods, including balloon-borne observations and intercalibration among orbiting platforms.
The University of Illinois will participate in a $250 million, 10-year program to develop advanced computational systems for simulating solid-propellant rockets. The center will focus on detailed whole-system simulations, benefiting both basic scientific research and aerospace applications.
Recent satellite and in-situ measurements reveal no definitive warming trend in the tropical free troposphere over the past two decades. The low humidity in this region allows more infrared radiation to escape from the Earth, cooling the atmosphere. Current computer models inaccurately handle humidity processes in this region.
The study reveals that chemical activity within brain cells exhibits behavior characteristic of self-organized criticality, which may help identify disease processes. Researchers used modeling techniques to simulate brain networks and found a power law distribution of wave sizes and durations, adhering to the signature of self-organize...