Articles tagged with Computers
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Jason Lewis's P.o.E.M.M. project develops ten new digital poetry apps that combine poet-created content with interactive elements, including user-generated and Twitter-based poetry. The project has received recognition from the Electronic Literature Organization, and its apps are available for download through iTunes.
The Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics hosts a free public event to explore the mathematics underlying movie special effects. Dr. Robert Bridson will discuss the math and physics behind 3D special effects used in movies and computer animations.
The First Responder Support Tools (FiRST) application provides critical information to first responders in bomb threat scenarios, including safe distances, roadblock analysis and HAZMAT response guidance. The app is available for smartphones and laptops and can be used by anyone responding to a potential bomb or HAZMAT spill.
Two NASA visualizations have been selected for the SIGGRAPH Computer Animation Festival: a lunar surface tour and an animation illustrating how the sun drives Earth's ocean currents. The festival highlights the best in computer graphics and technical research, with the chosen animations meeting strict guidelines.
Researchers at UPNA aim to create affordable, high-precision eye tracking systems for applications beyond assisting people with disabilities. They have developed a database of over 100 users and are working on algorithms to detect pupil position and gaze direction.
Scientists at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute are developing a new tool to analyze millions of text documents for emerging technological and scientific trends. The system will prioritize patterns indicative of new ideas, enabling human analysts to focus on promising areas.
Dr. Micah I. Krichevsky has been recognized for his commitment to advancing women in microbiology through the American Society for Microbiology's Alice C. Evans Award. He established Bionomics International and developed a standardized method for computer coding of microbiological data, impacting research globally.
Researchers at Purdue University and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have solved several problems hindering the use of ultra-precise simulations needed to certify nuclear weapons. The breakthrough enables the creation of supercomputers capable of performing exascale computing, a crucial step for national defense.
A growing population faces challenges of feeding itself through cleaner and more efficient methods. Innovations in flameless cooking, such as the Oorja stove, offer promising solutions. Researchers are exploring new technologies to reduce costs and increase accessibility, aiming to generate 100W of electrical power from confined gas.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine have engineered cells that behave like AND and OR Boolean logic gates, producing an output based on one or more unique inputs. This breakthrough could lead to the development of computers that use cells as tiny circuits.
A new mathematical model created by Stanford psychologists can predict pragmatic reasoning and may lead to more human-like computer systems. The model helps computers better understand inference, context, and social rules, potentially improving customer service interactions.
The special issue on 3D Object Retrieval will incorporate the Collage Authoring Environment, allowing authors to embed executable code and data into their papers. This enables verified results and improves peer-review, leading to faster knowledge dissemination in fast-moving fields like Computer Graphics.
A team of scientists, including U-M's Stephen Smith, will attempt to complete the first rough draft of the entire tree of life in a three-year project. The Open Tree of Life project aims to enable scientists to interpret evolution patterns and predict responses to environmental change.
Scientists from the University of Cambridge and Toshiba Research Europe Ltd. developed an all-semiconductor quantum logic gate, a controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate, by coaxing nanodots to emit single photons of light on demand. This breakthrough brings researchers closer to creating powerful quantum computers.
A Bluetooth enabled fetal heart rate monitoring system has been developed for accurate long-term home care, showing a high level of accuracy compared to ultrasound-based Doppler shift technique, with 98% accuracy. The system is non-invasive, portable, and low power consumption, making it suitable for mothers-to-be.
A new study found that specific planning is less effective for achieving multiple goals due to increased obstacles and constraints. However, people who thought others had more goals than they did were more likely to benefit from planning and see their own goals as manageable.
New research from the University of Warwick found that people are more likely to invest in someone whose face is perceived as trustworthy. Even when given negative information about a person's reputation, participants invested 6% more in those with trustworthy-looking faces.
A new study found that people engage in media multitasking despite knowing it impairs their performance, as it provides an emotional boost. The research recruited 32 college students to record their activities for four weeks, showing that multitasking was more likely when cognitive or habitual needs were present.
Luis von Ahn is being recognized for his pioneering work on crowdsourcing and human computation. His research has enabled humans and computers to solve complex problems together, with applications in image recognition and computer security.
Researchers at University of Sheffield have developed a method to assist damaged nerves in repairing naturally, improving chances of restoring sensation and movement in injured limbs. The new technique uses biodegradable synthetic polymer to create guidance conduits that provide physical and chemical cues for nerve growth.
Researchers found that customers' perceptions of call center performance are not influenced by location or accent, but rather by the agent's customer orientation. The study recommends companies prioritize this aspect when recruiting staff, regardless of location.
Researchers at USC and international partners successfully built a quantum computer inside a diamond, showcasing solid-state computing's potential. The device protects against decoherence, a major obstacle to quantum systems, by utilizing microwave pulses to stabilize electron spin rotation.
Computer scientist Hava Siegelmann has developed an adaptable computational system that learns and evolves, using input from the environment in a way much more like our brains do. The Super-Turing model yields exponentially greater repertoire of behaviors than classical computers.
Physicists use advanced computing methods to calculate kaon decay process, shedding light on matter-antimatter symmetry. The study's results contribute to the ongoing quest to explain why the universe is predominantly composed of matter.
A study by Columbia Business School researchers found that stress-induced cortisol increases facilitate accurate threat-related decision making in police officers, especially when dealing with armed black targets. The findings suggest that police departments may benefit from modulating stress levels during training to improve accuracy.
A Harvard archaeologist developed a system to identify early human settlements based on satellite image analysis, uncovering approximately 9,000 possible sites in northeastern Syria. This technique simplifies the process of finding ancient settlements, allowing for more efficient and targeted surveys.
Providing personal mobile computers to medical residents increases their efficiency and enhances continuity of care. The study found that residents submitted 5% more orders before morning rounds and 8% more orders before handing off responsibilities.
A team of researchers at Case Western Reserve University has developed a novel technique called fine-grained power gating, which can eliminate wasted energy in computer processors. This method reduces power consumption by up to 40% and also minimizes heat production, resulting in significant cost savings.
Researchers used computer prediction models to test a new docking seal, verifying its performance and improving upon costly experimental evaluations. The study showed significant correlations between experimental values and computer-modeled results, with some discrepancies attributed to extrapolation errors.
The new technology, AutoTutor and Affective AutoTutor, can gauge students' emotional states and adjust strategies to help them overcome frustration and boredom. Tested on over 1,000 students, the system produces significant learning gains, outperforming even expert human tutors.
Researchers at Saarland University developed a software system that automatically tests web applications for malfunctions and security vulnerabilities. The system, called 'Webmate,' generates test scenarios based on the application's components and user interactions, helping developers identify and fix errors.
Photonic interconnects promise to revolutionize computer architecture with ultra-high communication bandwidths and extreme energy efficiency. HP Labs is studying the shift to light-based interconnects to build next-generation IT solutions.
Three University of New Hampshire faculty members have received prestigious Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Awards from the National Science Foundation. Yannis Korkolis will investigate microforming processes, while Wheeler Ruml will advance renewable energy from the ocean using waves and tides.
A new method for controlling DNA-based logic gates has been developed, enabling spatial and temporal control. This breakthrough could lead to interfacing DNA-based computing with traditional silicon-based computing, potentially creating new interfaces between biological systems and electronic devices.
The Goddard Institute for Space Studies will receive specialized scientific support services from Trinnovim, LLC, under a $2.86 million contract. The services include scientific programming, analysis, and logistical support for GISS research programs.
Engineers at North Carolina State University have developed a technique to boost processor performance by over 20 percent by allowing GPUs and CPUs on a single chip to collaborate. This approach enables more efficient data transfer and execution, making computers more energy-efficient.
Researchers at Princeton University have achieved a 100-fold increase in maintaining control over the spins of billions of electrons for up to 10 seconds, a key step towards ultrafast quantum computers. This breakthrough uses a highly purified sample of silicon and minimizes magnetism's effect, allowing for longer coherence.
A 40-year retrospective analysis by Concordia University researchers found that technology has a small to moderate positive impact on both learning and attitude. The study suggests that technology works best when students are encouraged to think critically and communicate effectively.
HokieSpeed boasts a single-precision peak of 455 teraflops and a double-precision peak of 240 teraflops, ranking it No. 96 on the Top500 List. The supercomputer's energy efficiency places it at No. 11 on the Green500 List, making it the highest-ranked commodity supercomputer in the US.
Dr. Chen's TURBO simulation software is being refined using Ohio Supercomputer Center resources to improve turbomachinery component design. The goal is to develop a reliable prediction technology to enhance engine performance and reduce costs.
A team of researchers developed a computer model based on human neural structure and function to recognize shapes. The model, inspired by the hierarchical organization of the human visual cortex, successfully reproduced human performance in identifying shapes, opening up new ways to approach object detection problems.
A new study found that magnetic stimulation can improve visual-spatial abilities in people with hemispatial neglect, a common condition after a right-sided stroke. The treatment, which uses transcranial magnetic stimulation, also restored balance to the brain's circuits and improved cognitive and movement abilities.
The researchers developed a technique that analyzes the uniqueness of images to match them across different domains, such as photos and paintings. This approach performed well on tasks like matching sketches with photographs, outperforming traditional methods that focus on shapes, colors, and composition.
Researchers developed a machine learning-based system to automatically recognize users' emotional states and adapt dialogues accordingly. The system can detect negative emotions like anger, boredom, and doubt using acoustic parameters, and predict user intentions to improve dialogue flow.
The technology allows for creating detailed objects from various materials, including plastics, metals, and foods like chocolate. Engineers can print designer chocolates, gourmet meals, and medical devices with embedded proteins and cells.
A study by LeBoeuf and Norton found that people tend to overemphasize the impact of events on their lives. In experiments, participants were more likely to attribute a large cause to an event when it led to significant consequences. This bias can lead to negative attitudes towards unrelated entities.
Researchers at Stanford University have created a single-mode light-emitting diode (LED) that is thousands of times more energy efficient than laser-based systems. The device can transmit data at 10 billion bits per second and operates at room temperature, making it a major step forward for on-chip computer data transmission.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have discovered that stacking graphene nanoribbons can significantly enhance its ability to transmit electricity, reducing the band gap and increasing efficiency. The study, published in ACS Nano, brings industry closer to realizing graphene nanoelectronics and potentially replacing coppe...
A Stanford team developed a machine-learning-based method called Computational Pathologist (C-Path) to analyze breast cancer microscopic images, outperforming human evaluations. The model assesses 6,642 cellular factors and identifies structural features that matter in predicting patient survival.
A study by Professor Timothy Golden found that individuals who juggle conflicting demands between their work and home lives experience more work exhaustion. However, those with lower levels of conflict benefit from teleworking during traditional or non-traditional work hours, leading to reduced exhaustion.
The University of Pittsburgh's Department of Computer Science has been awarded a CUDA Teaching Center by NVIDIA. The award includes $25,000 worth of graphics processing units, a teaching assistant, textbooks, software licenses, and remote testing access.
Researchers found that shutting down radiology workstations and monitors after an 8-hour shift can save substantial energy and costs. By doing so, they reduced their energy consumption by 76.3% and saved $9,225.33, mainly due to the shutdown of standby equipment.
PlateMate's calorie estimates have proved accurate like those of trained nutritionists and more so than users' logs. The research was presented at the 24th ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, a leading conference on human-computer interaction.
A team of international researchers, led by computer scientist Kevin Knight, has finally broken the 75,000-character Copiale Cipher after centuries. The decoded message reveals rituals and political leanings of an 18th-century German secret society, shedding new light on its role in history.
Researchers have engineered a highly ordered version of a magnetic oxide compound, revealing the influence of electrons near additional lanthanum layers. The study provides crucial insights into the emerging field of oxide spintronics and its potential for fast memory devices with reduced power consumption.
Researchers at Microsoft Research and Carnegie Mellon University developed OmniTouch technology, a wearable projection system that turns any surface into a graphical, interactive surface. The device employs a depth-sensing camera to track users' fingers, allowing for tap, drag, and gesture-based interactions.
Scientists at Northwestern University have developed a reconfigurable electronic material that can rearrange itself to meet different computational needs. This new material enables the creation of self-adapting electronic components with directed paths for electron flow.
The article discusses how modern computer technology has expanded the ability to discover new mathematical results, enabling the exploration of complex patterns and relationships. Computer simulations have been used to explore various mathematical problems, including Giuga's Conjecture, providing empirical evidence in favor of its truth.
A team of scientists has successfully demonstrated a computer's ability to analyze raw experimental data from a biological system and derive the basic mathematical equations that describe its operation. This achievement marks one of the most complex scientific modeling problems solved completely from scratch by a computer.
Researchers have developed an algorithm that recognizes linguistic cues to divide texts into probable author groupings, sidestepping methodological hurdles in Bible scholarship. The software was able to separate passages from two Hebrew books with 99 percent accuracy and distinguish between 'priestly' and 'non-priestly' materials.