Articles tagged with Computers
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study at Rice University found that brain activity differs between merged and unmerged dialect groups when hearing similar sounds. This suggests that the merged-dialect group processes the words differently, relying on explicit memory for previous visual stimuli.
Researchers have successfully demonstrated that quantum dots can transfer energy in a "coherent" fashion when exposed to light, paving the way for potential optical quantum computing and medical imaging applications. This breakthrough could lead to faster and more efficient computers, as well as reduced heat generation.
Research by Lingraphicare America reveals that speech generating devices can help stroke patients recover from aphasia, even years after the initial injury. The study found nearly half of subjects improved to a less severe diagnostic category, with gains observed across all severity levels.
The Cityware project aims to develop pervasive computing technology that enables users to access services anywhere, anytime. The project will test new location recognition tools, interactive games and cultural activities, as well as information services for everyday life.
Computer interface design should prioritize physical interactions, taking into account the physical world's intuitions and fidelity of control. Prototyping is key to gathering user feedback for continuous improvement, ensuring interfaces augment rather than replace human experiences.
Thomas C. Hales famously proved Johannes Kepler's 400-year-old conjecture on sphere-packing using a computer-assisted proof, which was initially met with skepticism by reviewers. Hales is now using his problem-solving skills to 'prove the proof' using a specially written computer language in the Flyspeck Project.
Computer interface design should respect the real world, considering human intuitions and tactile experiences. Design principles emphasize balancing physical and virtual interactions to deliver information technology benefits without sacrificing physical advantages.
Mathematician Devlin discusses the shift from intuitive proofs to formal systems, highlighting the limitations of traditional methods. He also explores the impact of computer analysis on proof validity, demonstrating how new techniques have increased mathematical accuracy.
The European Union's ban on lead in electronic appliances has led to the widespread adoption of Ames Laboratory's lead-free solder, which was patented in 1996. The solder blend of tin-silver-copper alloy offers a lower melting temperature and greater strength than other alternatives.
The Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise + Nutrition (PACE+) intervention improved diet and physical activity habits among teens. After one year, adolescents in the PACE+ program reduced their sedentary behaviors by one hour per day and increased their number of active days.
A new clinical prediction rule for estimating the probability of PE significantly reduces adverse outcomes by identifying patients at low or high risk. The revised Geneva score provides a standardized, easy-to-compute tool for diagnosing and managing PE.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory discovered that magnetic vortices in nickel-iron alloy exhibit unique behavior when trapped within lithographically patterned ferromagnetic structures. The study, published in Nature Physics, shows promise for the development of faster and more energy-efficient electronic devices.
Researchers at Princeton University propose a new mathematical approach to produce desired configurations of nanoparticles by manipulating their interactions. This method could lead to radical implications in industries like telecommunications, computers, and aerospace engineering, as well as our understanding of life.
A study by SCCA physicians found that computer-aided evaluation can significantly assist radiologists in accurately interpreting breast MRI studies, improving sensitivity and specificity. The use of CAE resulted in reduced false positive rates and improved accuracy in detecting malignant lesions.
A recent study found that even slight squinting while staring at a computer monitor can lead to reduced blinking rates, resulting in dry eye symptoms. Researchers used tiny electrodes to measure muscle activity, revealing a significant decrease in blink rate from 15 blinks per minute to just 4 blinks per minute when participants squinted.
FSU researcher Ben Wang is pushing the boundaries of buckypaper, a material made from carbon nanotubes that's twice as hard as a diamond. The potential applications are vast, including developing stronger aerospace structures, more-effective body armor and next-generation computer displays.
A new computer system using DNA will be developed to solve complex logistical problems, such as evacuation logistics after a hurricane. The system aims to calculate optimal evacuation routes and supply logistics in record time.
A team of international researchers has discovered a new method to link qubit rings, which could lead to the creation of the world's most powerful computers. The breakthrough opens up the possibility of creating quantum gates, a more advanced version of processors found in modern computers.
A new climate model predicts more extreme temperatures throughout the US, with intense heat waves in the desert Southwest, and more storms along the Gulf Coast and Pacific Northwest. The model, which incorporates many climatic factors in unprecedented detail, suggests that these changes will disrupt national economy and infrastructure.
The Penn State Earth and Mineral Sciences Library launched a geocache treasure hunt as an orientation tool for freshmen. Participants used GPS coordinates to locate the cache, which was hidden in plain sight within the library. The hunt incorporated library knowledge, including the Library of Congress classification system.
Patients who used a computer to learn about a screening test for colon cancer showed equal success and knowledge compared to those educated by a nurse. The study suggests that computer-assisted instruction can help increase screening rates for colon cancer by overcoming patient confusion and physicians' lack of time.
A joint project between Cyberkinetics, Case Western Reserve University, and the Cleveland FES Center aims to develop a neuroprosthetic system capable of restoring partial arm and hand function. The proposed system combines limb movement technology with brain-interface technology to enable human users to control devices through thought ...
Researchers found that students learned artificial math and science better when presented using simple, abstract symbols rather than concrete 3-D objects. This challenges the common belief that concrete materials make learning more engaging and increases motivation.
Aesthetic computing uses drawings, sculptures, or computer graphics to make abstract ideas in algebra 'real'. Teachers at a recent workshop were introduced to an introductory curriculum that involves repackaging traditional equations into nontraditional forms, resulting in art pieces like diagrams with circles and lines.
Researchers created digital humans that mimicked participants' head movements and voices to test their persuasive effects. The study found that people were more emotionally engaged when interacting with these digital humans compared to traditional computer interfaces.
Researchers at Loughborough University have developed a lightweight visualisation tool for the RealityGrid e-Science project, which uses Grid technologies to model and simulate complex condensed matter structures. The tool can be used on mobile devices and supports multiple users to view and interact with data simultaneously.
Scientists have made significant progress in predicting protein structures using computers. The Rosetta program uses a two-step process to generate energy calculations and select the lowest energy shape as prediction. This approach has achieved almost atomic resolution in structure prediction for about one-third of small proteins.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed innovative authentication mechanisms for handheld devices, including proximity beacons and mobile device authentication. These mechanisms use location-based authentication to secure sensitive information on these devices.
RIT's new gravitySimulator supercomputer can simulate galaxy evolution with unprecedented precision, handling up to 4 million stars at once. The machine, one of only two in the world, achieves a top speed of 4 Teraflops, enabling researchers to study complex astrophysical phenomena.
Doctors with poor communications skills struggle to engage patients due to computer placement, whereas those with good skills use eye contact and posture. The study emphasizes the importance of placing computers on moveable arms for optimal eye contact between doctors and patients.
A study found that third-grade students with TVs in their bedrooms scored lower on math and language arts tests compared to those without. However, children with access to home computers showed improved test scores, suggesting a potential solution for parents seeking to boost their child's academic achievement.
A multidisciplinary team at USC Viterbi School created a two-way voice translation system that turns doctor's English questions into Persian and vice versa. The Transonics Spoken Dialog Translator uses a combination of human observation, computer code, and machine learning to achieve fluent communication.
Researchers from Pitt's Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering have developed a customized active RFID tag generation system with ADCUS. This system enables smaller companies to quickly produce executable code for various RFID standards, covering the complete RFID market.
Math Professor Suncica Canic received a Top Houston Women in Technology award for her career achievements and research on improving stent design. UH students Irene Cooperstein Cole and Barbara Nishae Brooks were awarded $10,000 Kathi Bowles Scholarships for their exemplary performance in math and computer science.
The researchers created 'nanobarcodes' that can be read by computer scanners or observed under fluorescent light microscopes, allowing for the simultaneous identification of multiple pathogens. The technology has potential applications in genomic research, clinical diagnosis, and environmental monitoring.
Researchers explore how consumers construct their perceptions of self through loved possessions and activities. These objects play a crucial role in creating a coherent identity narrative, as they symbolically demarcate boundaries between the self and rejected identities.
Researchers found that undergraduate students react quickly to words with positive or negative connotations, indicating automatic memory links. These links can guide future behavior and decision-making in politics.
A study of nearly 4,500 men and women found that full-time workers who spent more time on sedentary activities engaged in significantly less exercise than part-time workers. This is likely due to the limited free time available to full-time workers, leading to a greater reliance on leisure activities.
Mechanical engineers at Purdue University have created micro-channel heat sinks that can cool electronic components, enabling faster performance and better functionality. The devices are being developed to address the growing need for efficient cooling in advanced laser systems, microwave radar, and future computers.
Researchers at University College London have discovered how a well-specified bath affects the qubits in a crystal, which behaves as a primitive quantum computer. The study suggests that the effect can be controlled by radio waves and temperature of the bath, paving the way for stable quantum computing.
Researchers develop new method to grow self-assembled and self-welded carbon nanotube devices, potentially leading to smaller but more powerful computers and electronic communication devices. The discovery could improve companies' competitive edge and help the $850 billion electronics industry advance.
Using informatics and computer modelling, researchers can speed up vaccine development by identifying common patterns in 'foreign' protein sequences. This approach has the potential to significantly reduce the number of proteins that need to be experimentally tested.
Researchers at the University of Glasgow are developing a solution to the problem of safe mobile computing by utilizing 3D sound and gestures. This innovative approach allows users to interact with their devices as naturally as talking to a friend while walking, minimizing the risk of accidents.
A software suite will be developed to simulate and calculate chemical properties, enabling the control of complex chemical processes in Navy's all-electric ships. The partnership combines advances in molecular theories, computer algorithms, and supercomputing capabilities.
Researchers found that brand communities exhibit transformative experiences, magic, religion, and supernatural elements. Consumers take on a cult-like role, modifying products, innovating, and sharing stories to sustain the brand's values and beliefs.
The Einstein@Home project searches data from US and European gravitational wave detectors for signals from rapidly rotating compact quark and neutron stars. The project utilizes an army of home computer users to analyze the data, requiring enormous computational power.
A new study suggests that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) functions as an early warning system to help recognize and avoid high-risk situations. The ACC learns to warn us of potential mistakes before difficult decisions must be made, allowing for more careful behavior.
A Rutgers College of Nursing faculty member is developing an interactive computerized decision support system to deliver culturally relevant HIV health promotion messages. The system will use video vignettes to promote safer sexual practices and assess HIV risk behaviors.
A Dutch researcher has developed a computer program that can play the ancient board game of Go on a 5x5 playing board, as well as larger boards up to 6x6 rows. The program uses both search and learning techniques to analyze games and predict strong positions, life and death, and potential territory.
The XCCDF specification document provides a flexible, vendor-neutral format for measuring conformance to security benchmarks and generating records of benchmark tests. NIST is developing computer security checklists for widely used government agencies with the help of organizations like NSA and DHS.
Researchers are developing a new prototype for retrieving 3D archaeological structure data from subsurface surveying, enabling the creation of an underground image of pre-Inca city Tiwanaku. This three-year project aims to overcome technological bottlenecks in processing and fusing large amounts of sub-surface data.
Researchers at the University of Utah are developing a wireless version of the Utah Electrode Array, which will enable people with paralysis to control devices with their minds. The project aims to implant the device in the brains of blind individuals and paraplegics, allowing them to see, stand, and walk again.
A study found that people use different strategies to complete a jigsaw puzzle, which can increase competition and conflict when collaborating with others. The researchers identified two main approaches: 'border obsessives' who focus on completing the border first, and 'opportunistic' puzzlers who take a more creative approach.
Researchers found that laptop use increased left and right scrotal temperatures by 2.6°C and 2.8°C, respectively, potentially harming sperm production and fertility. The study suggests men consider limiting laptop use on their laps to prevent long-term reproductive health issues.
The study, led by Dr. Miguel Nicolelis, demonstrates the ability to distinguish patterns of brain activity in awake animals, including fleeting changes during sleep stages. The new analytical technique enables unprecedented insights into the healthy brain and neurological diseases like epilepsy and Alzheimer's.
Researchers developed a mathematical theory that describes the universal shape of stalactites, found in caves worldwide. The theory, based on fluid dynamics and geometry, reveals an ideal form underlying all stalactite shapes, with actual formations differing by less than 5%.
Professor Carsten Peterson and his team demonstrate how genes interact to produce stable systems, using the fruit fly as a model organism. They found that canalyzing rules, where one controlling gene activates another without affecting it, are present in almost 200 genetic networks in fruit flies.
A computer program reads CT scans and combines with radiologist's judgment to detect lung cancer, improving detection rates. The system analyzes size, texture, density, and change over time of nodules to determine cancer likelihood.
A statistical model was developed to automatically determine heart contours from X-ray images, reducing time and variability in observer interpretations. This technology has been incorporated into a commercial software application used by physicians and surgeons to improve diagnosis and treatment of heart conditions.
A new study found that computer-assisted standing orders for nurses resulted in significantly better adult immunization rates compared to traditional physician reminders. The study showed that 42% of patients in the standing order group received influenza vaccine, while only 30% in the physician reminder group did so.