Research on computing hardware and its future. Covers quantum error-correction, cyber defense, novel materials, and AI frameworks.
The Purdue team has found a way to connect the interior of a computer with the biological world by using nanoparticles as a bridge. This technology could lead to advances in detecting biohazards such as bacteria, nerve gas, or other chemical agents.
A team of Stanford engineers is working on a computer code capable of tracking massive internal waves that can contain enough energy to move pollutants and debris long distances. The SUNTANS project aims to identify vulnerable beaches and coastal habitats, allowing for early prediction and protection.
Researchers have developed a silicon-chip qubit that can perform quantum computations without leaking information due to decoherence. This achievement is based on a blueprint from 1998 and could lead to the creation of large arrays of qubits for practical quantum processing.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins University are refining computerized navigation and control systems for deep-sea robots. The new testing facility allows researchers to fine-tune the system, which enables precise positioning and movement of underwater vehicles.
Virginia Tech researchers are working on ways to protect battery-operated computers and wireless devices from hacking attempts that can drain their batteries. The project aims to develop built-in measures to prevent such attacks, which could become a major concern for the wireless industry.
The Dialogue-Assisted Visual Environment for Geoinformation (DAVE_G) is a new system that enables crisis managers to visualize geospatial information on a large map using verbal and gesture commands. The system aims to improve decision-making in emergency management by providing real-time access to critical data.
A study by Oregon Health & Science University found that computer prescriptions significantly reduced errors in the prescribing process. The system improved legibility and accuracy, resulting in a 0.8% error rate compared to 2.3%, saving time for pharmacists and improving patient safety.
Researchers discovered that the Tryptophan cage protein, composed of 20 amino acids, folds into its three-dimensional shape at an unprecedented rate. The protein achieves this in just four-millionths of a second, beating any other protein by about four times.
The UB system generates user profiles based on standard operations and commands, detecting significant deviations from procedures. This approach reduces false alarms and improves accuracy in detecting cyberattacks.
A study published in the Journal of Marketing Research found that ad repetition can be confusing for consumers. Students who were mentally engaged with ads performed better at matching product names and slogans than those who were not, suggesting a positive effect of mental engagement on memory.
Researchers found that at least a third of neurons in the prefrontal cortex vary their activity with the number of dots seen, indicating they tune to quantity. The study suggests that individual cells specialize as they adapt to experience and participate in multiple networks.
A recent study found that near-eye displays, like eyeglasses with a built-in monitor, can increase ease of use and performance comparable to traditional computer screens. However, some users experienced eyestrain more with these devices.
A study by Ohio State University found that procrastinators receive poorer grades in college classes due to lack of self-discipline. The researchers discovered that high procrastinators scored lower in measures of self-regulation and used 'wishful thinking' rationalizations to justify their behavior.
Rice Terascale Cluster will be the first university computer in Texas with a peak performance of 1 teraflop, enabling complex mathematical simulations for drug designers and biomedical researchers. The cluster will tackle increasingly complex problems in fields like bioinformatics, physics, and computer science.
A computer system developed by Newcastle University researchers accurately predicted the spread of breast cancer and five-year survival rates in nearly 90% of patients. The system uses a combination of neural networks and fuzzy logic to analyze images of cells from tissue samples.
Scientists from the University of Minnesota and Duke University developed computer techniques that can automate image inpainting, restoring lost regions with neighboring available information. This technology has applications in surveillance images, enabling faster recovery of lost information and potential super resolution.
A study by Dr. Eileen Trauth found that women in IT face unique challenges depending on their cultural background, family support, and personal experiences. The researcher suggests that respecting individual differences and providing tailored encouragement can help women resist social shaping and succeed in the field.
A team of researchers has demonstrated the first wireless communication system built entirely on a computer chip, breaking the need for wires to transmit information within the chip. This technology could lead to faster chips, tiny microphones, motion detectors, and other devices.
A study of over 600 high school teachers found that burnout patients can maintain a positive self-image despite mixed feelings upon seeing colleagues perform well. Researchers recommend leveraging social comparison to aid therapists in treating burnout patients.
A study by psychologists from the University of Amsterdam found that mentally fatigued persons have difficulty translating objectives into actions, are less flexible, and more persistent in their behavior. They also scored lower in psychological tests and made more mistakes, particularly when faced with changing rules or situations.
A Rutgers biomedical engineering professor has discovered that cross-hand and one-hand grips can reduce eye movement during longer putts and head movement during shorter putts. The findings are part of a book exploring the physics, biomechanics, and physiology of various sports, including golf.
Researchers at Newcastle University are developing asynchronous systems that work well in labs and have potential for commercial use. These designs could overcome limitations imposed by traditional clocks on computer performance.
Computers can now simulate complex molecular reactions with larger molecule sizes, expanding the capabilities of quantum chemistry. Researchers aim to reduce computation time without losing accuracy.
Researchers have discovered crystalline materials that can change shapes rapidly and act as ultrafast switches in optical computers, potentially enabling 3D TVs and unprecedented storage potential. The materials could be produced in bulk and reduced costs may be achieved through improved manufacturing efficiencies.
A University of California at Berkeley study found that up to 30% of U.S. children who use computers may need special eyewear to reduce the risk of premature vision problems. The research also shows a strong correlation between computer use and premature myopia, or nearsightedness.
Researchers can now reconstruct missing sound sequences by analyzing typical language patterns. This technology will aid safe communication in noisy environments and help historians recreate lost texts.
A standard decision-making framework is being developed to formalise regulatory bodies' assessment of safety cases, reducing subjective judgements. Deconstruction, a technique from French philosopher Derrida, will be used to find meanings in texts that authors did not intend, improving the accuracy of decisions.
Researchers found that insect damage affects not just the hole in the leaf, but also surrounding areas with reduced photosynthesis activity. The device revealed an 80-fold increase in furanocoumarin synthesis, a defensive chemical used by plants to boost their defense.
Researchers from Uppsala University developed new computer-based methods for Bayesian inference in evolutionary biology, enabling analysis of complex problems on ordinary desktop computers. The new methods can be applied to various fields, including species relationship reconstruction and molecular evolution studies.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed tiny, piezoelectric fans that can cool future electronics without producing electromagnetic noise or consuming excessive electricity. The fans use a ceramic material to move blades in alternate directions, reducing temperatures by up to 8 degrees Celsius.
Researchers at Stanford and Caltech have made a breakthrough in neural prosthetics, demonstrating that electrical signals from the parietal reach region can control movement and planning. The study enabled a monkey to control a cursor with its thoughts, paving the way for potential applications in helping severely paralyzed patients.
The Utrecht spectrograph uses a prism to disperse light, resulting in faster pictures with reduced light loss. Researchers used it to study proteins from muscle tissue and discovered unexpected chemical reactions triggered by illumination.
The University of Colorado at Boulder has acquired two state-of-the-art electron microscopes, enabling researchers to image cellular structures in three dimensions at unprecedented resolution. This advancement is made possible by a suite of complementing computers that run programs developed by CU-Boulder researchers.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has published a guide for law enforcement officers to investigate electronic crimes. This guide aims to provide investigators with an overview of the types of electronic evidence that may be available at crime scenes, including devices ranging from large computers to pagers.
Researchers will combine surgical robotic systems with telemedicine to train surgeons-in-training in complex, minimally invasive procedures. The proposed system will feature shared control of a single set of 'arms' and haptic feedback for immersive training.
The ACP-ASIM survey found that 60% of respondents under 40 use handheld computers to access drug information and clinical references. The organization is expanding its educational resources through a Personal Digital Assistant Portal on its website.
The three-year award aims to develop an integrated approach to reliable embedded systems, considering real-time issues and resource constraints. Embedded computers are critical in various industries, including medicine and transportation, and their failure can have widespread consequences.
A randomized trial shows that computer reminders can significantly boost vaccination rates for hospitalized patients, particularly those over 65. The system identified eligible candidates and prompted physicians to order vaccinations, resulting in a 51% increase in influenza vaccinations and a 36% increase in pneumonia vaccinations.
A team led by Jonathan M. Smith from the University of Pennsylvania aims to engineer better security features into mainstream computers through open-source collaboration.
Scientists discovered microscopic differences in minicolumns, a group of brain cells involved in language, between humans and non-human primates. These findings suggest that the human brain is organized differently than its primate counterparts, which may explain the complexity of human communication.
Researchers have developed a new circuit using hollow carbon nanotubes, which can switch between 'on' and 'off' states and perform logic functions. The design enables more complex circuits to be built, potentially replacing silicon in microchips within the next 10-15 years.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania will explore ways to incorporate a focus on embedded computer reliability into product design, developing models and analysis tools to identify potential bugs. The goal is to improve product dependability and reduce costs by predicting reliability earlier in the design phase.
PPPL will participate in four SciDAC projects focused on plasma confinement systems and data analysis, aiming to improve physics models and computer resources. The projects will enable geographically separated scientists to collaborate and analyze high-speed data.
A new screen at Sandia National Laboratories can render complex scientific data sets in seconds, outperforming the movie industry's cluster of computers. The facility uses massively parallel imaging to create images with high resolution and detail, allowing scientists to better understand complicated systems.
A wearable translator is being developed by ONR to provide real-time language translation for the military and civilians. The device will be able to understand context and generate appropriate translations, benefiting various professionals such as airport personnel and tourists.
A new computer recycling model developed by Purdue University's Julie Ann Stuart can help recyclers determine the economic viability of processing bulk materials. The model takes into account factors such as metal prices and helps prevent financial losses for recyclers.
The Purdue University engineers' modified office chair uses software algorithms to interpret pressure sensor data and determine the user's seating posture. The system demonstrated an overall accuracy of 96% in distinguishing between different postures, with a special dynamic system being worked on for real-time tracking.
Engineers at the University of Rochester have created uniform silicon quantum dots that could revolutionize computing by reducing transistor size. The dots are made of cheap and abundant silicon, making them a viable alternative to expensive materials used in previous attempts.
Researchers found appreciable concentrations of triphenyl phosphate in 10 of 18 brand-new video monitors, which may be a health hazard for computer users even with adequate ventilation. The compound's levels remained high after two years of working use, highlighting the potential risks of computer work.
The Magic Book project enables readers to move from a real-world reading experience to an immersive virtual environment, interacting with characters and objects. This technology has applications in storybooks, technical manuals, and textbooks, offering a seamless transition between physical and virtual environments.
Researchers at Cornell University have developed an environmentally friendly adhesive that can be easily removed and cleaned up, making it possible to recycle outmoded computers. The adhesive, dubbed Alpha-Terp, can be broken down using heat or industrial solvents, allowing for the reuse of valuable components.
A new teaching method combines computer-assisted methods with hands-on laboratory exercises to help undergraduate students understand molecules. The integrated experiment allows students to explore molecular characteristics on the computer and test predictions in the lab.
A new study by Ohio State University researchers found that students who read essays on a computer screen struggled to comprehend the text and rated it as less interesting and less persuasive. Despite the same content, computerized texts were harder for students to understand, which may be due to different processing abilities.
Researchers solved the 'nug30' problem, a test of computer capabilities that challenged computer scientists for 32 years, by designing an efficient algorithm and leveraging high-performance computing resources. The solution demonstrates advancements in combinatorial optimization problems and their applications in real-world fields.
The NASA Marshall Space Flight Center has awarded a $136.9 million contract option to Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC) to provide information services from May 2000 to April 2001. This brings the total value of the contract to approximately $1.05 billion if all options are exercised.
For over 40 years, chemist Ernest Davidson has used computers to simulate and study chemical reactions with precision. Today's computer programs can model complex reactions involving up to 30 atoms, enabling chemists to devise new reactions.
Researchers created light-emitting materials combining fluorescence and phosphorescence, increasing efficiency production of light. This breakthrough allows developers to choose from a wider range of materials, adding flexibility and reducing costs for products such as laptops and cell phones.
The PSLQ algorithm has found surprising relations in mathematics and physics, including a formula for calculating any binary digit of pi without prior calculations. This breakthrough uses high precision arithmetic to discover new mathematical relations among numbers.
Scientists from the University of Wisconsin-Madison have developed a new surface chemistry that simplifies DNA computing and enables scaling up to tackle complex problems. This breakthrough demonstrates DNA computing's potential to surpass conventional computers in information storage and processing capabilities.
The new circular configuration increases the conversion ratio without adding volume or weight, advancing the field of piezoelectric transformers. The devices use a lead, zirconium, titanium ceramic doped with manganese and cerium, providing increased efficiency and higher conversion ratios.