Articles tagged with Geological Engineering
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study modeled the effects of solar geoengineering and rising greenhouse gas concentrations on subtropical stratocumulus clouds. The results suggest that solar geoengineering alone may not be sufficient to prevent strong warming from direct CO2 effects.
A Rutgers University study suggests geoengineering could reduce global warming's most dangerous effects if carbon emissions are drastically reduced. The technology involves creating sulfuric acid clouds to block solar radiation.
A Rutgers University-led study found that geoengineering's benefits for apple production in northern India are limited and may backfire if stopped abruptly. The research suggests that global warming would reduce apple production due to the winter chill period, and adaptation efforts would only partially succeed.
Researchers found that solar geoengineering schemes could weaken extratropical storm tracks in both hemispheres, leading to less powerful winter storms but also stagnant conditions and reduced wind. The study's results have significant implications for understanding the potential effects of climate engineering on global weather patterns.
A new laboratory experiment reveals that climate geoengineering can lead to increased inequalities and economic losses, particularly when countries employ 'free driving' strategies. The study also found high strategic uncertainty and miscoordination among countries through counter-geoengineering solutions.
A new study by UCL and Harvard researchers found that halving warming by adding aerosols to the stratosphere could moderate important climate hazards in almost all regions, with only a small fraction experiencing increased climate change. The approach should be considered as a complementary measure to emissions cuts.
A new study finds that solar geoengineering could reduce global income inequality by 50%, with poorer countries benefiting most. The technology could also lead to a 200% increase in GDP growth for developing countries.
Scientists from Technical University of Munich found that the plug dome's permeability drops significantly as stone alteration increases, leading to an imminent eruption. This discovery enables more reliable prediction of volcanic eruptions, with reduced outgassing being a key indicator of an impending event.
A new study investigates the climate effects of aerosol particles in a geophysical paper. The authors found that both geoengineering and volcanic eruptions decrease surface temperatures with land cooling faster than the ocean.
A new study published in Frontiers in Communication reveals that YouTube videos on climate change opposition to worldwide scientific consensus and hijack technical terms to appear credible. Scientists are urged to form alliances with influential YouTubers and politicians to ensure accurate video content reaches the widest audience.
New research finds that smaller doses of solar geoengineering could work in tandem with emission cuts to lower the risks of a changing climate. The study suggests that no IPCC-defined region would be made worse off, with big uncertainties remaining but potentially uniform benefits across the globe.
Researchers found that measuring the brightness of light alone is not enough to infer stratospheric aerosols, highlighting the need for an instrument with precise polarization measurements. A specialized Earth-orbiting instrument is necessary to obtain comprehensive information on aerosol properties and distribution.
A new study published in PNAS outlines a mission-driven approach to understanding the impacts of geoengineering and informs policy. The research focuses on releasing sulfate aerosols into the stratosphere, mimicking natural volcanic eruptions.
Researchers emphasize the need for prioritized uncertainty identification in aerosol geoengineering to address climate change. The article suggests a model-based approach with potential small-scale field experimentation once global consensus is achieved.
A hypothetical 'solar geoengineering' project aiming to halve anthropogenic radiative forcing by injecting sulphates into the lower stratosphere is technically possible, but unreasonably costly with current technology. The estimated development costs for an airframe and engine modifications are under $2 billion.
Researchers warn that geoengineering and alternative solutions like tree planting, biochar, and NETs (negative emissions technologies) won't be enough to meet climate goals. Emission cuts remain the only sure way to limit global warming to 1.5C or less.
A new analysis by University of California, Berkeley researchers concludes that injecting particles into the atmosphere to cool the planet would have no effect on reducing crop damage from rising temperatures. The study found that lower productivity due to reduced sunlight would negate any benefits of cooler temperatures.
Scientists from 12 countries urge caution on climate geoengineering, warning it may do more harm than good. Developing countries are most vulnerable to climate change and geoengineering's unintended consequences, including acidification of the ocean and disruptions to biodiversity.
Researchers found that geoengineering methods could shift global rainfall patterns, leading to increased fire risk in some regions despite lower global temperatures. The study suggests that the benefits of limiting global warming to 1.5C would be offset by unintended consequences for certain areas.
A group of 12 scholars from developing countries urge global leadership on solar radiation management (SRM) geoengineering to reduce climate change impacts. The proposal involves spraying reflective particles into the upper atmosphere to mimic volcanic cooling effects.
Researchers propose targeting geoengineering at specific negative consequences of climate change, slowing sea-level rise by preserving continental ice sheets. The engineering costs and scales of these projects are comparable to today's large civil engineering projects, but with extra challenges due to the remote polar environment.
Rutgers researchers warn that abruptly ending geoengineering efforts could lead to rapid warming, devastating droughts, and devastating El Niño events. The study highlights the need for gradual stopping of such efforts to avoid severe biological impacts on ecosystems.
Artificially cooling the planet through geoengineering could have devastating effects on regions prone to storms or droughts, a new study shows. The researchers warn that targeting one hemisphere for geoengineering could lead to increased likelihood of natural disasters in other parts of the world.
A new study has identified the triggers behind a devastating 2010 landslide in Quebec, Canada, which killed four people and destroyed a house. Sediment erosion by the Salvail River and high groundwater pressure under the river bed contributed to the failure of sensitive clay sediments.
Researchers used models to simulate the effectiveness of a combined set of geoengineering tools in reducing warming and precipitation changes. The study found that deploying both methods in concert could decrease global warming to pre-industrial levels, but with substantial regional variations in rainfall.
Researchers have identified an aerosol, calcite, that can counter ozone loss while reflecting light and cooling the planet. The discovery aims to mitigate the risks of solar geoengineering by neutralizing sulfuric acid emissions.
A study by Carnegie Institution for Science and University of California Irvine surveyed top atmospheric scientists, finding that 76 out of 77 rejected the existence of a secret spraying program. Experts attribute alleged 'chemtrails' to airplane contrail formation and poor data sampling.
The National Science Foundation awards UC Davis a five-year, $5 million grant to utilize the large earthquake-simulating centrifuge for natural hazards engineering research. Researchers can build complex models and conduct accurate scale-model studies of soils and soil-structure systems.
A new study suggests that geoengineering techniques, such as Solar Radiation Management, can reduce the risk of global severe bleaching and degradation of coral reefs. The research found that even under ambitious CO2 reduction scenarios, widespread coral bleaching will occur by the middle of this century.
A new study found that learning about geoengineering increased open-mindedness toward climate change evidence and reduced polarization. Participants who learned about geoengineering showed more agreement on the significance of such evidence, compared to those who received information on carbon-emission limits.
Researchers from Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences propose a controlled experiment to test the risks and benefits of solar radiation management, aiming to reduce uncertainty in climate engineering. The 'stratospheric perturbation experiment' would involve a tiny amount of material to measure key aspects of atmospheric ...
Researchers found that embarking on geoengineering, then stopping, could exacerbate climate change by speeding up global warming. Continuous geoengineering would cause a drastic rate of temperature change, posing significant threats to ecosystems and biodiversity.
Researchers propose using water spray from tall buildings to remove aerosol pollutants, reducing fine particle load in the atmosphere. This geoengineering technique is environmentally safe, technologically feasible, efficient, and low-cost.
A special issue of the journal Climatic Change examines the proposed Oxford Principles for governing geoengineering research, including technical hurdles, ethics, and regulatory issues. The study highlights the need for interdisciplinary discussion on geoengineering, which has gained credibility in the scientific community.
A new study finds that geoengineering approaches to mitigate global warming could result in reduced rainfall and snowfall worldwide. The research suggests that these techniques would not only fail to address the root problem of climate change but also have unintended consequences, such as altered regional precipitation patterns.
Elsevier has launched a new journal, Transportation Geotechnics, to publish research on all aspects of geotechnics for roads, highways, railways, and waterways. The journal aims to bridge the gap between transportation engineering and geotechnical engineering.
Researchers found that limiting greenhouse warming to three watts per square metre can slow coral reef habitat loss. However, artificial temperature regulation through solar radiation geoengineering may have unintended consequences on tropical corals.
Geoengineering experts Edward Parson and David Keith propose a new structure for regulating geoengineering research to manage climate change risks. They advocate for scientific self-regulation, government authority, and international coordination to ensure low-risk research advances while addressing public concerns.
Geoengineering researchers propose a new framework to guide governance of climate-altering technologies. The UCLA and Harvard experts suggest allowing low-risk research to proceed while addressing public concerns and ending the current legal void that facilitates rogue projects.
A geoengineering coalition aims to reduce climate change by deflecting sun radiation, but new research suggests excluding non-participating countries may be counterproductive. Maintaining openness and inclusiveness in decision-making processes could be crucial for successful geoengineering efforts.
Research models suggest varying geoengineering efforts can combat climate impacts in at-risk areas, reversing long-term changes in Arctic sea ice. A study published in Nature Climate Change found that tailoring geoengineering efforts by region and over time could potentially improve effectiveness and reduce risks.
A new model promises to maximize the effectiveness of solar radiation management while mitigating its potential side effects and risks. The study found that tailored solar geoengineering might limit Arctic sea ice loss with several times less total solar shading than in a uniform case.
Researchers at University of Washington suggest testing the concept of marine cloud brightening through a small-scale experiment. The study aims to investigate the feasibility and potential climatological impacts of adding sea salt particles to clouds over oceans, which could create a cooling effect on Earth.
A team of European scientists found that geoengineering could lead to significant rainfall reduction in large areas, including a 15% decrease in North America and 20% in parts of South America. Climate engineering is unlikely to be a substitute for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Researchers found that blocking 2% of the sun's light would make the sky three-to-five times brighter and whiter, while increasing global photosynthetic activity could pull more carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. However, this method may also reduce the effectiveness of solar power.
Researchers at Caltech have created a dynamic computer model that reproduces the physics of a fault segment, showing both seismic and aseismic behavior. The model predicts changes in earthquake frequency and location, shedding light on the seismic cycle and potential forecasting of earthquakes.
New research suggests that sunshade geoengineering may actually increase crop yields in most regions, alleviating temperature stress and improving productivity. However, the approach carries risks, including unintended consequences on precipitation and deployment-related conflicts.
A new survey reveals that 72% of respondents approve research into climate-manipulating technique, with broad public awareness and surprisingly diverse political views. The study suggests that dialogue surrounding SRM needs to be broadened to include ideas of risk, values, and trade-offs.
The first summary for policymakers on ocean fertilization reveals the chances of success are low, with only modest amounts of carbon dioxide removed over 100 years. The proposal involves adding iron or nutrients to stimulate growth of microscopic marine plants, which use CO2 to grow.
A new study explores the impact of sun dimming on atmospheric teleconnections, which are crucial for predicting weather regimes. The research suggests that a dimmed sun could alter the link between tropical temperatures and extra-tropical circulation, potentially affecting prevailing weather patterns.
A new study by University of Bristol researchers reveals that geoengineering would have varying impacts globally. Regions like the USA and Australia become drier with increasing strength, while others like Australia become wetter.
A University of Calgary scientist proposes two novel geoengineering approaches to mitigate global warming: releasing engineered nano-particles and sulphuric acid. These methods aim to reduce the negative effects of sulphates, which are blunt instruments for climate engineering.
A new study suggests that seeding clouds over the ocean to make them more reflective could actually increase monsoonal rains and cause continents to become wetter on average. This contradicts previous assumptions about the impact of geoengineering schemes on global rainfall patterns.
Researchers found that introducing aerosols into the model made clouds significantly more reflective, but only in certain situations. The team also tested when to spray seawater aerosols to maximize brightness.
A new study by John Anderson of the Nevada Seismological Laboratory has compiled a list of 100 earthquakes with the strongest peak accelerations (PGA) and velocities (PGV) ever recorded, exceeding thresholds of 7.31 m/s2 for acceleration and 0.65 m/s for velocity.
Experts Peter Cox and Hazel Jeffrey examine potential geoengineering initiatives, including carbon-dioxide removal and solar-radiation management, as a crucial alternative to common mitigation methods. The schemes have different benefits, costs, and risks associated, but may offer a better benefit-to-cost ratio than conventional methods.
New research suggests geoengineering techniques may cause more harm than good due to uncertainties in their effects on Earth's natural cycles. Ecologists debate the viability of geoengineering methods like atmospheric seeding and ocean fertilization, highlighting potential risks such as ozone depletion and dead zones in oceans.
A new study found that geoengineering solutions to counter global warming would have a minimal impact on ocean acidification, which threatens coral reefs and marine life. Reducing carbon dioxide emissions is considered a more effective safeguard against climate change.
Researchers at the University of East Anglia evaluated 12 geoengineering schemes and found that stratospheric aerosol injections and sunshades in space have the greatest potential to cool the climate. However, these schemes also carry significant risks.
A team of researchers found that magma is continuously supplied from deep in the crust but a valve acts below a shallower magma chamber, releasing lava to the surface periodically. The upper reservoir is open and the lower reservoir refills at half the rate it was lost during lulls in eruption.