Articles tagged with Integrated Circuits
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Purdue University are developing a new plasma-based lithography to create extremely thin features in computer chips, replacing current ultraviolet light technology. The goal is to extend Moore's law by creating nanolithography that can produce fine features without using conventional methods.
A new plastic semiconductor technology allows for the transportation of both positive and negative charges, enabling simpler circuit construction and potentially revolutionizing the field of organic electronics. This breakthrough could lead to the development of cheaper, thinner, and more flexible electronic devices.
Physicists have confirmed the existence of a type of material that enables free flow of electrons across its surface with no loss of energy at room temperatures. The discovery of bismuth telluride as a topological insulator could lead to new applications in spintronics and microchip development.
Researchers create high-performance W-Band silicon-germanium RFICs for passive millimeter-wave imaging, potentially leading to less expensive security imaging systems. The new technology can resolve images down to a millimeter scale, enabling the detection of small objects on a person's body.
Researchers demonstrate graphene's potential as an alternative to copper for interconnects in integrated circuits, with improved conductivity and reduced resistance. Graphene's performance is comparable to or surpasses that of copper at nanoscale sizes.
A $6 million grant from DARPA will fund the development of self-healing circuits that can detect and fix flaws in transistors. The technology aims to enable continued Moore's scaling law by making integrated circuits more robust.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new material called graphene that can enable microchips to operate at much higher speeds than current silicon chips. The new technology uses a single transistor and produces a clean output signal, leading to faster computers and cellphones.
A new solar-powered electronic slate, or I-slate, will use Rice's revolutionary low-energy computer chips to enable learning in rural Indian classrooms. The chips' 'probabilistic' technology trades off precision for significant reductions in energy use.
Researchers at UAB and CSIC developed a new material with improved thermoelectric properties, reducing thermal conductivity and increasing power efficiency for microchips. The unique structure of the material, composed of silicon and germanium quantum dots, enables efficient cooling and heating of micro-sized circuits.
Researchers from Northwestern University have successfully mass-produced the 2008 Summer Olympics logo, 15,000 times, using a new printing technique called Polymer Pen Lithography (PPL). The PPL method allows for fast, inexpensive, and simple printing on nanometer, micrometer, and millimeter length scales.
Researchers at Princeton University have invented a technique to pattern surfaces on the nanoscale using lasers and plastic beads. The method enables the creation of ultrasmall features, such as lines and dots, that are 1,000 times narrower than a human hair, with potential applications in biology, medicine, and computing.
Researchers design integrated circuits that can assume multiple identities, providing a powerful security mechanism for digital rights management tasks. The technology enables diverse applications, including device optimization and content metering, with low overhead costs.
Researchers at Duke University have successfully assembled five micro-robots into a self-organized structure using global control and slight variations in device dimensions. The microrobots, measuring just 100 times smaller than previous designs, can move, turn, and circle together with precision.
Researchers create reproducible and controlled fabrication method for integrating nanowire photonic and electronic integrated circuits onto silicon, enabling standard manufacturing settings.
Princeton engineers have created a process that can literally melt away tiny defects on microchips, enabling precise shaping of components without increasing fabrication cost. The method, called Self-Perfection by Liquefaction (SPEL), uses a light pulse from an excimer laser to guide the resulting flow of liquid into desired shapes.
Researchers at Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft have developed intelligent bicycle pedals that track pedaling force and provide real-time feedback to cyclists. The integrated sensors and electronic components enable the system to optimize cycling performance and detect potential issues, such as material fatigue in aircraft parts.
Scientists have developed a new form of stretchable silicon integrated circuit that can wrap around complex shapes, such as spheres and aircraft wings. The new design allows the circuit to be folded and stretched without reducing electrical performance.
Materials scientists have developed a theoretical model to predict the strength of metals at the nanoscale. Their study found that metal strengths saturate at around 10-50 nanometers diameter due to temperature and strain rate sensitivity.
A super-sensitive mini-sensor developed at NIST can detect nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in tiny samples of fluids flowing through a novel microchip. This technology has wide application as a sensitive chemical analyzer for rapid screening to find new drugs.
A new method to create all-copper connections between computer chips and external circuitry was developed by researchers at Georgia Tech. The technique uses electroless plating to form strong copper pillars that reduce signal loss and enable faster data transmission.
Researchers have identified 75 genes involved in silica bioprocessing in diatoms, which could lead to more efficient and smaller-scale nanofabrication for computer chips. The discovery could increase chip speed and address the current limitation of photolithographic techniques.
Researchers have created a practical technique to replace silicon with graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms, allowing for 10 times better information processing and radio transmission capabilities. This breakthrough could lead to the development of high-performance wireless devices within a few years.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed a new technology to automate post-silicon debugging, using puzzle-solving search algorithms to diagnose problems early on. This reduces parts of the process from days to hours, making it possible to produce computer chips that work correctly under all scenarios.
Researchers at MIT have successfully applied the concept of optical tweezers to manipulate and measure tiny objects on a microchip. Using infrared light, they were able to hold and move individual cells and other objects with unprecedented precision, opening up new possibilities for biological research and materials development.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University developed a thumb-size micro-incubator that cultures living cells autonomously for extended periods. The device features computer-controlled electronics, precise temperature control, and an eco-friendly design that minimizes environmental impact.
Researchers at NIST developed a novel annealing process that creates highly ordered nanostructured polymer thin films with controlled patterns. The 'cold zone' annealing system produces defect-free films with sub-30nm features, opening up new possibilities for microelectronics and data storage applications.
The Institute for Sustainable Nanoelectronics will leverage Moore's Law to develop a design methodology applicable to emerging computing platforms. Probabilistic CMOS technology reduces energy consumption while increasing electronic noise, enabling more efficient chip designs.
Researchers at Princeton University have invented a new process called fracture-induced structuring that enables the self-formation of periodic lines, or gratings, separated by as few as 60 nanometers. This technique uses a thin polymer film and is simpler and faster than traditional methods, making it economically feasible for large-s...
University of Houston professor Dmitri Litvinov develops nanomagnetic computing systems that combine logic, memory, and data storage in a single system. This technology has the potential to revolutionize information processing with ultra-high density computing power.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a new technology using tiny 'ionic wind engines' that could dramatically improve computer chip cooling. The technology increased the heat-transfer coefficient by as much as 250 percent, outperforming existing methods.
Shukla's work on designing, analyzing, and predicting electronic system performance has drawn national attention from the National Academy of Sciences and the White House. He is currently researching embedded software code generation for space and aviation mission applications.
The researcher will receive a $400,000 grant to develop sophisticated computer models that can predict wear problems on various surfaces, including materials used in semiconductor and data storage devices. The study aims to understand how abrasive nanoparticles cause friction and surface wear, with potential applications in the product...
Researchers have developed a tiny, cold, and efficient cryogenic refrigerator operating at 120 cycles per second that achieves rapid cooling and low temperatures without moving parts. The device uses oscillating helium gas to transport heat, enabling faster cool-down and smaller size.
Researchers at MIT have developed a novel way to integrate photonic circuitry on a silicon chip, enabling mass-manufactured devices with unprecedented system performance. The new technology will enable supercomputers on a chip with unique high-speed capabilities for signal processing and spectroscopy.
A new MIT microchip system sorts proteins in minutes, faster than traditional gel-based systems, enabling earlier diagnoses and treatments for diseases. The device uses anisotropic nanofluidic sieving structure to separate proteins of different sizes, increasing the probability of detecting biomarkers.
A Princeton-led team has developed a method to eliminate tiny air bubbles that form during the mass production of smaller, cheaper microchips. This breakthrough in nanoimprint lithography will enable the creation of more efficient and cost-effective computer chips, with features as small as a billionth of a meter.
Researchers found that 71% of lost dogs were reunited with their owners, compared to 53% of lost cats. Identification tags or microchips played a crucial role in recovery. Posting signs and advertising in local newspapers also helped recover pets.
Researchers at the University of Washington developed an implantable electronic chip that induces brain changes in monkeys lasting more than a week. The device strengthens weak connections in the motor cortex, which may have potential in rehabilitating patients with brain injuries or paralysis.
Carnegie Mellon University has been awarded a six-year, $4.2 million grant to create a new type of reconfigurable integrated circuit for chip manufacturers. Researchers will work on technology that seeks to break the bottleneck by joining mechanical probes with integrated circuits in a design that allows for their reconfiguration.
Researchers developed a DNA-based computer that can diagnose West Nile Virus and bird flu faster and more accurately. The technology has the potential to be used in instruments to diagnose and treat cancer, diabetes, and other diseases.
Researchers at the University of Central Florida have successfully demonstrated an extreme ultraviolet light source with 30 times the power of previous attempts. This breakthrough has significant implications for the next generation of computer chip production, as EUV light sources are critical components in stepper machines used to pr...
Researchers at Intel and the University of California, Santa Barbara have created a new hybrid computer chip that uses lasers to transmit data, promising faster data transfer rates. The development paves the way for future optical communications at low cost.
Researchers at the University of Washington have developed a tiny ion pump that can cool small microelectronic components efficiently. The device uses an electrical charge to create a cooling air jet and has been shown to significantly cool an actively heated surface on just 0.6 watts of power.
Researchers at Purdue University have successfully grown individual carbon nanotubes vertically on a silicon wafer, paving the way for advanced electronics and sensing technologies. This breakthrough technique enables vertical integration of nanotubes, increasing device density and reducing size.
Researchers at University of Iowa and partners visualize magnetic interactions between two atoms less than one nanometer apart, enhancing magnetic semiconductor materials. The technique could lead to smaller, more efficient computer chips using spintronics technology.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a new cooling system that uses a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) pump to cool electronic devices on a tiny scale. The device is integrated onto a silicon chip and can create a cooling action through electrohydrodynamics, enhancing the pumping action by up to 13 percent.
The university has created a five-stage ring oscillator, marking a significant milestone in the development of transparent electronics. The technology has been supported by major organizations and holds promise for applications in displays, cell phones, televisions, and more.
A study published in Neuron found that the CB1 receptor is integrated with leptin signaling to control appetite, with implications for obesity treatment. Blocking CB1 receptors may offer a promising approach to treating obesity, and recent antiobesity drugs like rimonabant may also work by reducing endocannabinoid signaling.
Researchers at Georgia Tech are developing silicon-germanium microchips that can operate in ultra-sophisticated radar systems and new generations of NASA spacecraft. These chips offer cost savings, compact size, and improved efficiency, making them ideal for phased-array radar systems.
Researchers at the University of Kentucky have discovered a way to significantly reduce the power consumption of transistors in computer chips by applying rapid thermal processing directly on gate insulators. This technique can improve the insulating qualities of gate insulators, reducing direct tunneling current by up to 100,000 times.
Researchers at the University of Florida and two other universities have created a new type of foam-like film made from carbon nanotubes, which can be compressed to 15% of its original size. The films show promise for use in solid lubricating coatings for air and space applications.
Researchers at Ohio State University have developed a plastic diode that can transmit electrical current at room temperature, paving the way for flexible and low-power computer chips. The diode's design lends itself to easy manufacturing and has achieved strong quantum mechanical effects without manipulating individual molecules.
Researchers at University of Illinois have successfully demonstrated room-temperature operation of a light-emitting transistor laser, paving the way for high-speed applications. The breakthrough could lead to faster signal processing, large capacity seamless communications, and improved electrical and optical integrated circuits.
Researchers at Imperial College London have developed a new microchip design that uses nanotechnology to store large amounts of data in small volumes. This technology has the potential to increase mobile phone memory capacity by 200 times, making it possible to record longer videos and store them without sacrificing storage space.
The sensor uses ambient radiation to detect objects based on how brightly they reflect natural radiation. Once developed, it could be used for luggage scanning and aircraft runway detection during bad weather.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology have developed a wafer-level fabrication technique to create microfluidic cooling channels directly onto integrated circuits, enhancing reliability and reducing thermal damage. The approach uses polymer pipes to facilitate electronic and cooling interconnections.
A new mathematical model, PSP, offers improved predictions of transistor behavior, particularly in high-frequency and miniaturized devices. The model, which focuses on surface potential at the silicon-silicon dioxide interface, has been successfully tested on simulations and measurements.
Researchers create high-performance electronic devices using low-temperature fabrication and nanowires, outpacing comparable ring oscillators by a factor of 10,000. The technique paves the way for more complex nanoelectronics and could enable ubiquitous computing devices with improved speed and reduced costs.
Researchers at the University of Southern California found that sapphire surfaces can self-arrange carbon nanotubes into useful patterns. This phenomenon occurs only on specific surfaces, particularly vertical slices with certain crystalline orientations.
Scientists at UCSD successfully shape carbon nanotubes into sharp bends, enabling new applications in atomic force microscopy and fuel cells. The breakthrough could lead to more efficient and compact electronic devices.