Articles tagged with Integrated Circuits
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
USC researchers have found that flawed hardware can be tolerable in various applications, such as graphics and accounting. They've developed simple test structures to determine attributes of erroneous performance, enabling cost-efficient testing and prediction.
A new microchip has been invented at the University of Alberta, promising to revolutionize small devices with low power needs. The chip uses analog decoding technology to consume extremely low levels of power, making it ideal for applications like implantable health care devices and ultra-high-speed communications systems.
Researchers create model that evaluates the reliability of two types of transistors simultaneously, enabling accurate predictions and reducing testing resources. The new model helps understand how chemical bonds break over time, improving the performance and longevity of CMOS computer chips.
Researchers at UC Davis have developed multipurpose nanocables that can detect the quantity of toxins in a sample, allowing for more accurate measurements. These nanocables also enable the creation of large surface area arrays, which could be used to efficiently capture sunlight and improve solar cell efficiency.
Researchers at Hebrew University create gold-tipped nanocrystals that offer a solution to problems of building nanoscale transistors and electronic circuits. These nanodumbbells provide strong chemical bonds between the gold and semiconductor, leading to good electrical connectivity.
The new software equips SEMs with a model library of possible line measurements, enabling accurate determination of circuit feature shapes and sizes. This reduces measurement errors from tens of nanometers to just a few nanometers, increasing reliability and efficiency in semiconductor manufacturing.
Eric Simone, a Johns Hopkins undergraduate, has developed a microchip that can isolate and move DNA and protein molecules. The innovative circular electrode design allows for more effective analysis in certain bio-analytical applications, holding promise for disease diagnosis and monitoring.
Physicists at NIST used a highly sophisticated spectrometer to measure light wavelengths, providing 10 times better resolution than similar instruments. This improvement is expected to help the semiconductor industry create smaller circuits.
St. Philip Neri's team won the IEEE-USA national award with their communications system, which uses antennas and titanium microchips to transmit signals via bone conduction. The system was praised for its creativity and potential to become an asset for everyone in the future.
By embedding a two-dimensional photonic crystal into the top face of a VCSEL, researchers can accurately design and control the device's mode characteristics. The technology has the potential to push VCSEL performance toward higher power and enable mass-produced devices for high-speed data communication.
The Nanoruler can pattern gratings with lines and spaces separated by a few hundred nanometers across large surfaces. This precision enables the analysis of light and decoding cosmic bar codes for space telescopes like NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory.
Scientists at UC Berkeley and Stanford developed a working, integrated silicon circuit that incorporates carbon nanotubes. The breakthrough allows for the creation of high-performance memory chips capable of storing orders of magnitude more data than current silicon chips.
Researchers at University of Toronto have developed a system that allows robots to navigate using their own unique sounds, generated by pre-recorded phrases played through elevated speakers. The system uses an array of stationary microphones to locate the robot on a virtual map and guide it around obstacles.
Researchers develop a programmable credit card that lets users set daily limits, restrict spending to certain days or establishments, and enhance security. The technology could benefit consumers, parents, and employers by improving financial management and reducing fraudulent use.
Michael Hsiao is developing graph-theoretic algorithms to reduce chip verification time, which could decrease costs and improve accuracy. His tools will be useful for the entire semiconductor industry, addressing the increasing complexity of modern chips.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have devised a new architecture for manufacturing photonic band gap materials, increasing available bandwidth for optical microchips. The technique uses x-rays to create a precise template, allowing for high-quality silicon photonic band gap materials.
Researchers at UC Santa Barbara develop world's first tunable photon copier on a chip, enabling efficient data transmission in all-optical networks. The device integrates laser and wavelength converter components, improving signal quality and paving the way for widespread adoption.
A new scanning microscope developed at Brown University can uncover defects in the smallest and most complex integrated circuits. The device visualizes electrical current flow within wires, even those buried under advanced materials, allowing for non-invasive detection of faults.
A Rutgers University chemist has developed innovative solid-state materials with broad applications, including sensors. Her research also addresses critical manufacturing needs, such as humidity control.
Researchers developed a microchip with light-impeding holes to observe individual enzymes interacting with other molecules. This technique enables detailed analysis of fluctuations and variability in enzyme behavior, crucial for understanding molecular movement and predicting less predictable behavior.
A recent study estimates that producing a single two-gram chip requires at least 3.7 pounds of fossil fuel and chemical inputs, contradicting the concept of dematerialization. The high-energy consumption is attributed to the low entropy of microchips, which are manufactured from highly organized starting materials.
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute researchers have developed a method to grow carbon nanotubes up, out, and in all three dimensions, providing unprecedented control over their growth. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of Lilliputian devices and complex networks comprised of molecular units.
A team of researchers from the University of Toronto has developed a method to precisely control the placement and ordering of photonic crystals on surfaces, paving the way for the creation of photonic microchips. This breakthrough could enable faster data transfer rates in optical communications systems.
Researchers at UCSD have discovered that silicon wafers can be easily made into tiny explosives, ideal for rapid chemical analysis of toxic metals. The explosives can also be used as power sources for micro-electrical mechanical systems, enabling the creation of self-destructing devices.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics create miniature chip that achieves Bose-Einstein condensation, replacing bulky machines with reduced power consumption. The new technique enables integration of multiple components on a single chip, paving the way for innovative devices and applications.
Researchers at Ohio State University have successfully created protein-like molecules using dendrimers, which can perform tasks such as delivering medicine to tumors and acting as catalysts for chemical reactions. The molecules are designed to open and close on cue, allowing them to respond to stimuli like light.
A UMass research team has developed a new technique for depositing copper films within tiny channels in silicon wafers, promising efficient fabrication of future generations of integrated circuits. The process uses carbon dioxide as a supercritical fluid, offering environmental benefits and the ability to create complex features.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a method to create smaller, faster computer chips by stacking electronic devices in vertically connected layers. The technique, called epitaxial lateral overgrowth, allows for the creation of multiple layers of transistors with extremely short connections, leading to faster and denser cir...
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have developed 'Critters On A Chip,' a living sensor integrated circuit that detects pollutants and explosives. The bioluminescent bacteria emit a visible signal when exposed to targeted substances.
Engineer Max Lagally and colleagues create tiny pyramids assembled from several thousand germanium atoms, perfectly shaped and uniform across the surface. The pyramid crystals can hold a single charge and represent some of the smallest materials structures ever created.
Cornell materials scientists have created arrays of atomically flat silicon surfaces, eliminating atomic steps and overcoming a major hurdle in miniaturization. The technique involves creating a grid of ridges on the surface and forcing atomic steps into them, resulting in step-free regions.