Articles tagged with Materials Processing
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at HZB have found a three-dimensional quantum spin liquid in the hyper-hyperkagome lattice of PbCuTe2O6. The discovery was made through both theoretical simulations and neutron experiments, which confirmed the predicted behavior.
Scientists developed a novel method to improve mathematical modeling of nanoscale materials, enabling faster calculations and more accurate predictions. The approach involves creating imaginary rigid grains, reducing bond numbers and computation time.
A comprehensive analysis of a mountainous region in Southwest China reveals the driving mechanisms behind changes in soil chemical composition and distribution. Human activities like mining disrupt natural processes, affecting land quality and ecosystem health.
Researchers developed a hierarchically porous TiO2/rGO hybrid material, which exhibited high and stable surface area and excellent reversible capacity. The material's (001) facets facilitate Li+ insertion-extraction at low current densities, while its porosity dominates the process at high currents.
Researchers develop biocompatible ion-driven soft transistors that can perform real-time neurologically relevant computation. A mixed-conducting particulate composite enables the creation of electronic components out of a single material, allowing for non-invasive recording and processing of brain activity.
Scientists have developed a method for precise, fast and high-quality laser processing of halide perovskites, promising light-emitting materials for solar energy, optical electronics, and metamaterials. The new technology can help to solve the problem of complicated processing and degradation of perovskites under various conditions.
A research team has identified the cause of performance degradation in CQD PV devices and developed a material processing method to stabilize their performance. The method uses ligand substitution with potassium iodide, maintaining device efficiency above 80% for 300 hours.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have developed a technique to produce atomic-scale 3D images of nanoparticles, enabling precise measurement of their atomic positions. They also created an antiferromagnetic switch for computer memory and processing applications, revolutionizing spin-based electronics.
Researchers discovered subrectangular constructs in Calusa archaeological sites, which may have been gates for watercourts. The watercourts contained fish scales from the period of use, suggesting storage and later processing of surplus fish supported the Calusa rulers' authority.
Researchers developed a recipe for creating ideal hybrid memristive-CMOS neuromorphic computing systems, exploiting the advantages of low-precision, noisy, and variable neurons. This work aims to enable compact and efficient real-time processing for applications such as bio-signal processing and brain-machine interfaces.
Researchers developed a room-temperature bonding technique that integrates wide bandgap materials like gallium nitride with thermally-conducting materials like diamond. The interface layer is just four nanometers thick, allowing for two times more efficient heat dissipation.
Researchers have developed nanoantennas that can generate and manipulate spin waves in magnetic materials, enabling the creation of miniaturized analog computing systems. The breakthrough allows for controlled shape and propagation of spin waves, making them ideal for developing energy-efficient computing systems.
Researchers at Cornell University developed a new way to control the properties of high-density polyethylene, a type of plastic commonly used in containers. The breakthrough allows for improved processability and strength while reducing the energy required for production and recycling.
Researchers developed open-source software to assist in creating quantum materials, which could vastly increase computing power and reduce energy consumption. The Quantum KITE initiative uses sophisticated computer programmes to predict material properties, enabling the creation of realistic simulations with unprecedented atom numbers.
Scientists have developed a new method to test microscopic aeronautical materials at ultra-high temperatures, using electron microscopy and laser heating. This breakthrough reduces the time and expense required for such tests, paving the way for the development of new materials for commercial applications.
Lehigh University's Ganesh Balasubramanian has received an NSF CAREER award to create a predictive framework for manufacturing complex alloys. The project aims to accelerate the manufacturing process by 50% and reduce costs, while also pushing the industry towards smart manufacturing.
Researchers developed a new organic photovoltaic cell with an efficiency of 17%, achieved through optimized chemical structures and improved processability. The study demonstrates the potential for larger-area production, expanding the field of organic photovoltaics.
The Graphene Flagship has published a comprehensive guide to graphene manufacturing and processing, providing a single source of knowledge for researchers and industry. The handbook encompasses over 1,500 references and covers techniques for production and characterisation of graphene-related materials.
Deregallera's pilot scale pouch cell production line will demonstrate the company's advanced materials in packaged cells conforming to industrial standard regulations. The project aims to create a massive step-change in developing future-friendly, non-toxic and sustainable energy storage technologies using sodium-ion instead of lithium.
Chinese researchers create an azopolymer that allows light-induced nanoimprinting at room temperature, overcoming heat-dependent issues in traditional photolithography. The technique enables the creation of structurally colored surfaces and has potential applications in nanofabrication and electronics industry.
The Affordable Laser-Free Retrofittable Stroboscopic Solution for Ultrafast Electron Microscopy has been recognized as one of the top innovations of 2019 by R&D World magazine. This device can be retrofit into conventional transmission electron microscopes to image dynamic behaviors of materials over very short timescales.
Researchers at Imperial College London have developed a new technique using powerful lasers and bright x-rays to capture information about extremely dense and hot matter. This breakthrough allows for unprecedented resolution and efficiency in studying warm dense matter, crucial for fusion power and astrophysics.
Researchers have developed a new technique to study electron behavior in atomic bonds using resonant x-ray reflectivity. This method allows for the measurement of individual elements' contributions to their shared bond, providing insights into the degree of covalent and ionic bonding.
Researchers have designed a novel material exhibiting a metal-insulator transition near 600 degrees Celsius, revealing its potential for high-temperature sensors and power electronics. The discovery could inform the design of quantum materials platforms for future electronics.
Researchers studied the interaction of ice crystals and dust particles with vehicle surfaces, revealing rules for material degradation and erosion. The work provides a 'first principles' rule for predicting surface damage in hypersonic flight.
Researchers developed a new alloy with improved wear and corrosion resistance by adding copper to high-speed steel. The innovative approach significantly enhances the performance of super engineering plastics in industrial and automotive applications.
Scientists at Cambridge discovered that perovskite materials can be more efficient when their chemical compositions are less ordered, simplifying production processes and lowering costs. This is achieved by creating areas with different compositions that trap energized charge carriers, improving solar cell efficiency.
Researchers have developed an artificial intelligence technique that uses deep neural networks to analyze data from experiments on nanoscale ferroelectrics. This method has identified geometrically-driven differences in ferroelectric domain switching, providing new insights into the mechanisms of ferroelectric switching.
A new study published in Bioresource Technology Reports examines the impact of biomass preprocessing on conversion efficiency. Researchers found that comminution and particle size play a significant role in determining energy expenditure, with miscanthus showing improved efficiency under certain conditions.
Researchers at Duke University have developed a fully print-in-place technique for electronics that can be applied to delicate surfaces like human skin and paper. This advance paves the way for high-adhesion electronic tattoos, personalized biosensors and rapid prototyping for custom electronics.
Researchers from SUTD have developed a holistic approach that applies data-driven methods in design search and optimization for additive manufacturing (AM) products. The new method uses surrogate models to rapidly narrow down the high-dimensional design space, enabling designers to explore millions of design alternatives.
Researchers at UBC Okanagan have developed a new type of composite material made from discarded stone waste and polymers, which increases the strength and conductivity of the final product. The materials can be used in various applications, including decorations, sanitation products, and even aerospace.
Research from the University of Surrey and Deakin's Institute for Frontier Materials found that microplastics can break down further during water treatment processes, impacting on water quality. The study highlights the need for new detection strategies to limit nano and microplastics in water treatment systems.
Physicists have discovered a new material that significantly increases the conversion rate of spin current to charge current, paving the way for future spintronic applications. The new material is more efficient than any previously investigated material, with potential to reduce energy loss and heat generation in devices.
Researchers developed a novel liquid process to fabricate an affordable multiferroic nanocomposite film, exhibiting a strong correlation between its electric and magnetic properties. This breakthrough enables the production of materials for various applications such as large-volume memory, spatial light modulators, and unique sensors.
Researchers from NUST MISIS have successfully turned hogweed into a material for supercapacitors, demonstrating its potential as a sustainable alternative for energy storage. The processing technology involves treating the plant stems with hydrochloric acid and carbon dioxide to create a porous structure suitable for electrodes.
Research found similar brain activity among students who watched most appealing video clips, suggesting universally engaging features in learning materials. The study built on previous research on effective speeches and public service announcements.
Scientists at Samara Polytech have synthesized the first metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with unique properties, including magnetic susceptibility, luminescence, and electrical conductivity. The resulting nanostructured materials demonstrate record sorption characteristics for various volatile substances.
Rasel Raihan, a research scientist at the UTA Research Institute, has received the Young Professionals Emerging Leadership Award from the Society of Advancement of Materials and Process Engineering. He is recognized for his technical excellence and outstanding service in advancing the field of advanced materials and process engineering.
Robert Coridan will focus on designing scalable nanostructures to increase light absorption efficiency in chemical reactions. The goal is to mimic photosynthesis and convert sunlight into chemical fuels.
In acoustoelectronics, surface acoustic waves generate electric currents with conventional and unconventional components. The Valley Acoustoelectric Effect creates a warping-based current and a Hall current with distinct characteristics.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have developed a novel method to overcome limitations of high-energy X-rays, enabling sharper imaging of complex materials. This breakthrough allows scientists to gain better information about material interfaces and control the behavior of new materials.
Researchers at KAUST have developed a synthetic approach to generate homogeneous and defect-free crystals that could fast-track the commercialization of perovskite solar cells. The new single-crystal films exhibit lower defect density and higher charge-carrier diffusion lengths, leading to high-quality solar cells with a maximum power-...
A newly developed aerogel material can passively capture solar heat, reaching temperatures of up to 220°C in tests. This could enable lower-cost and simpler solar heat collection systems for various industrial and domestic uses.
Researchers discovered a new topological insulator in Ba2CuSi2O6Cl2, generating attention for energy-efficient information transmission and processing. The study found non-dissipative electron flow on the surface of topological insulators.
Isabelle Denry received the 2019 Wilmer Souder Award in Dental Caries Award for her contributions to ceramic development and bone replacement. Her research focuses on resorbable bioactive glassceramic scaffolds for dental applications.
Osaka University researchers link time-resolved microwave conductivity measurements to photocatalytic performance, enabling rapid screening of clean energy generating materials. This approach accelerates the development of hydrogen-producing materials, increasing efficiency and reducing processing time.
Researchers propose a new graph theory-based paradigm to improve material identification, focusing on topological relationships rather than bond length and angle. This method achieves automatic deduplication for the first time, identifying 626,772 unique structures from 865,458 original structures.
Researchers discovered that adding cesium and rubidium to the synthesis process makes the resulting solar cell more chemically homogeneous and facilitates its formation. This understanding will illuminate future work in developing more efficient halide perovskite solar cells.
Researchers developed an alternative method to evaluate local magnetization switching efficacy in ultrathin ruthenium-cobalt-ruthenium films with a wolfram layer added. The study revealed that adjusting the materials' layers thickness can change magnetic parameters, increasing spin switching efficacy.
Researchers found evidence of 'tool kit' at Qesem Cave that was created by reusing discarded flint tools. The tiny, sharp objects were used with precision to process animal products, vegetal materials, and plant tubers.
Researchers from the University of Minnesota and University of Massachusetts Amherst have discovered a way to speed up chemical reactions using oscillating catalysts. This breakthrough could significantly reduce equipment costs and increase production efficiency in various industries.
This study reveals complex deformation and metamorphism processes, melt/fluid interactions with crust-mantle rocks, and material circulation in subduction zones. Crust-mantle physical interactions control geometry, tectonic associations, and chemical interaction in orogen and mantle wedge.
Researchers at Simon Fraser University developed a theory that predicts maximum efficiency and minimal energy loss in molecular machines. By manipulating DNA hairpins, they demonstrated a strategy to optimize nanomachines, which could lead to significant advancements in fields like computer chips, solar cells, and biotechnology.
A new study reveals a 'threading' mechanism where linear molecules thread through ring polymers, causing shape fluctuations under fluid flow. This insight may lead to new processing methods for sustainable polymer materials.
Researchers have discovered that granular materials, such as sand and coffee, exhibit similar behavior to immiscible liquids when fluidized. This phenomenon has significant implications for industries like pharmaceuticals and energy production, where efficient processing of granular materials is crucial.
Scientists at Berkeley Lab created a next-generation plastic that can be recycled endlessly without losing its properties. The new material, poly(diketoenamine), can be disassembled and reassembled from its constituent parts, allowing for the recovery of original monomers.
Researchers at MIT have created liquid-impregnated surfaces that can significantly reduce friction for yield-stress fluids like gels and pastes. These coatings enable the efficient processing of materials in industries such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, reducing waste and improving product quality.
Researchers from Tohoku University have developed artificial neuron and synapse devices using spintronics technology, mimicking the brain's architecture. The devices demonstrated fundamental behavior of biological neurons and synapses, including leaky integrate-and-fire and spike-timing-dependent plasticity.
Scientists at Peking University control crystal growth and material assembly by utilizing fluid flows. A stable single vortex is produced, enabling oriented deposition of materials.