Articles tagged with Materials Processing
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at MIT have developed a novel polymer membrane that dramatically improves the efficiency of natural gas purification while reducing environmental impact. The membrane can process natural gas quickly and effectively, removing more carbon dioxide than traditional materials.
Researchers developed new plastic films that deflect or trap heat with zero energy required. The versatile materials can be used to regulate the temperature of buildings and people, and have potential applications in wearable technologies and solar cells.
The University of Pittsburgh's Swanson School of Engineering has received four prestigious NSF CAREER Awards, totaling over $2 million in funding. The awards recognize faculty who exemplify outstanding research, education, and community engagement.
Researchers at Peking University have developed a new model that uses artificial intelligence to predict the distance between atoms in materials. By modifying the size of ions, they were able to achieve more accurate results than current models, with an average deviation of less than 0.1 Å.
A researcher at Argonne National Laboratory has developed a faster way to create molecular models, accelerating the screening of potential new organic materials for electronics. The approach uses machine learning to predict electronic properties and enables scientists to screen more packing arrangements than before.
Researchers from the University of Seville applied Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) to the Roman Theatre of It¡lica to reduce its environmental impact. The study developed tools that integrate LCA and BIM software to make environmental-impact reduction criteria part of the design process.
Researchers from the University of Luxembourg have demonstrated a comprehensive understanding of neutron scattering techniques for analyzing magnetic materials. The study focuses on analysis techniques for superconductors, permanent magnets, shape-memory alloys, ferrofluids and other magnetic materials.
Researchers developed a virtual frame technique that enables ordinary digital cameras to capture millions of frames per second for several seconds while maintaining high spatial resolution. This allows for the direct imaging of dynamic cracks as they form, enabling the study of fracture toughness and properties of construction materials.
Researchers found that when compressed, cubic boron arsenide's heat conductivity improves initially but then deteriorates due to competition between different processes. This behavior has never been predicted or observed before and challenges conventional understanding of heat conduction.
GraphON is a conductive coating that can be manufactured cheaper and easier than comparable products, with greater control over performance. It has potential uses in electrostatically dissipative coatings, electromagnetic interference shielding, electrical heating and conductive coatings.
Dr. Ana C. Alba-Rubio creates a dual-function material that captures and transforms carbon dioxide into methanol and higher alcohols, producing electricity with minimal energy requirement, corrosion, and transportation issues.
A machine learning approach predicts changes in material properties from straining the material, enabling the engineering of new materials with tailored properties. The technique has implications for industries such as communications, information processing, and energy.
Researchers from the University of Münster have developed a novel thin-film organic phototransistor array using small-molecule 2,6-diphenylanthracene. The device shows high photosensitivity, photoresponsivity, and detectivity, outperforming state-of-the-art OPTs.
A team from Kiel University has developed an ultrafast camera system that films the motion of electrons in solids. The camera, which operates at a temporal resolution of 13 femtoseconds, allows researchers to study fundamental processes involved in the conversion of light energy into electricity.
Researchers have demonstrated electronic switching in an exotic, ultrathin material at room temperature, reducing energy loss and increasing efficiency for transistors. The breakthrough uses sodium bismuthide (Na3Bi), a 'topological Dirac semimetal' that can be tuned to behave like a conventional or topological material.
MIT engineers develop a new technique to test soft materials' properties by mimicking the sound sequences used by bats and dolphins in echolocation. This approach enables rapid characterization of materials such as drying cement, clotting blood, or saliva over time.
Researchers have developed two new approaches to 3D imaging with X-rays, enabling unprecedented detail in disease-screening, materials development, and structural information of opaque objects. The methods, including ghost imaging and single-shot techniques, reduce X-ray doses and destroy samples, paving the way for cheaper, more readi...
Scientists at TU Graz analyzed nano-precipitates to understand aluminium alloy properties, discovering anomalies and self-organisation phenomena. Quantum mechanics and Monte Carlo methods revealed the formation of atomically narrow channels for scandium and zircon diffusion.
Researchers developed a Computer-Aided Material Design (CAMaD) system that extracts information related to fabrication processes and material structures and properties, enabling the summarization of knowledge from thousands of scientific articles in a single chart. This allows for rationalizing and expediting material design.
Researchers have successfully created complex multi-principle element transition metal dichalcogenides with unique quantum phenomena. By combining layered TMDCs using ball-milling and reactive fusion, they have demonstrated the possibility of forming 3D-heterostructured architectures with tunable properties.
Researchers at Harvard's Wyss Institute developed a liquid-gated membrane system that filters nanoclay particles out of water with high efficiency, reducing fouling and pressure requirements. This innovation has the potential to save energy and improve industrial processes in various industries.
Rare earth ions exhibit potential for storing quantum states and interacting with each other, enhancing computation capacity. Researchers aim to establish scalable quantum technologies using these elements.
The Texas A&M Center for Research Excellence on Dynamically Deformed Solids (CREDDS) will explore advanced manufacturing processes and new materials for nuclear weapon refurbishment. The center will also train the next generation of scientists and engineers to ensure the safety, security, and effectiveness of the US nuclear deterrent.
A novel machine learning framework developed by Virginia Tech researchers accelerates the discovery of new materials through computer simulations. The framework, which trains on the fly, enables faster development of accurate computational models of materials with potential biomedicine and energy applications.
Researchers at NIST have developed a novel light-based technique to measure the mechanical and flow properties of materials during the curing process in real-time. This allows for fast and accurate optimization of processing conditions for various materials, from biological gels to stiff resins.
Engineers at Washington University in St. Louis have discovered the activation energy and kinetic factors of calcium carbonate's nucleation, key to predicting and controlling the process. This research can help create nanomaterials, control nanoparticle properties, and aid in designing larger-scale engineering processes.
Researchers are assessing six types of low-permeable rock formations as potential barriers to isolate nuclear wastes. The goal is to understand how radioactive atoms and liquids move through these rock formations to enhance isolation.
The US Department of Energy has awarded $4.3 million to Argonne National Laboratory to support industry collaborations and accelerate the development of promising energy technologies. The funding will be used to mature energy technologies with high impact, fostering innovation and entrepreneurship in the private sector.
Scientists at KIT discovered a sharp line at a depth of 150-200 nm where wear particles are detached, contributing to the later weakness in the material. This finding contributes to understanding processes on the molecular level during friction and may lead to developing materials with better friction properties.
Researchers at NIST and WTEC advocate for a collaborative approach to nanoparticle manufacturing, highlighting the importance of sharing knowledge and resources across disciplines. The study identifies common challenges in material, process, and application, suggesting that solving these problems could advance the entire enterprise.
University of Illinois researchers found that dry-milling process removes majority of phenolics from corn kernels. Despite this, heat can release bound forms of compounds and improve antioxidant content in corn-based foods.
Scientists at ETH Zurich develop a controlled quantum system with two coupled order parameters, enabling the creation of diverse phase diagrams and exploring complex interactions. The platform provides a unique tool for studying technologically relevant materials and simulating their properties.
A new study reveals that entangled, long-chain polymers in solutions relax at two different rates, marking an advancement in fundamental polymer physics. The findings will provide a better understanding of the physical properties of polymeric materials and individual polymer molecule behavior under high-stress processing conditions.
The lab provides datasets to support emergency response in Hawaii following volcanic eruptions, enabling quick identification of vulnerable structures. Researchers also develop super-stretchy polymers with self-healing abilities and create a scalable processing technique for 3D printing plant-based materials.
Researchers at the University of Otago are testing Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) processing equipment for large-scale French fry production. The technology enhances processing by altering potato microstructure, reducing oil uptake and waste, while increasing durability and yield of other food products.
The China ban on non-industrial plastic waste has displaced around 111 million metric tons of plastic waste, which was previously exported to the country. This shift will require high-income countries to develop more robust recycling programs domestically and rethink the use and design of plastic products.
A team of researchers from Texas A&M University and Sandia National Laboratories successfully improved the mechanical properties of bulk magnetic alloys through microstructural refinement. The findings show that the severe plastic deformation process can produce high-performance alloys with superior mechanical environments.
Renkun Chen is developing a non-contact infrared camera to rapidly measure thermophysical properties of CSP plant materials at high temperatures. The tool aims to provide inexpensive and convenient evaluation of CSP performance, enabling continuous monitoring over decades.
Studies found that humans use efficient cues to discriminate between reflective and transparent materials, estimating material states without needing all information. Researchers developed a model correlating closely with human perception, suggesting simple information processing in the brain.
Researchers use neutron tomography to study teeth, root balls, batteries, and fuel cells with improved spatial resolution and faster image acquisition. This non-destructive method provides valuable information for optimizing material design.
Researchers develop MOF, a hybrid material with porosity, enabling control over metallic nanostructures and their applications in catalysis and battery stabilization. The innovative methodology allows for precise control of material design, paving the way for diverse uses of these materials.
Researchers developed a new display technology that uses crystalline silicon film growth at lower temperatures, potentially replacing existing processes. This innovation has the potential to increase efficiency and luminance while lowering production costs for electronic devices like solar cells.
Researchers at UConn improved the performance of an atomically thin semiconductor material by stretching it, a technique that could lead to faster computer processors and more efficient sensors. The study, published in Nano Letters, found a 100-fold increase in photoluminescence when the material was subjected to strain.
Researchers found that random packings of disks always form a periodic structure, achieving higher densities than random arrangements. The probability of a channel not being periodic decreases exponentially with increasing fill level, regardless of container width.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University used an inexpensive 3D printer to produce self-folding plastic objects that can be heated to assume predetermined shapes. The process utilizes a common printing defect, warpage, which is typically considered a problem with these printers.
Researchers at Lobachevsky University have made significant progress in understanding the shape of the energy dissipation curve of edge states in topological insulators. The study reveals specific and measurable regularities that affect the physical properties of electron gases, including new peaks in absorption spectra and changes in ...
Researchers at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf developed a method to create and erase magnetic areas in an alloy using lasers, transforming its magnetic behavior. The process involves heating the alloy with ultra-short laser pulses, allowing it to form a magnet.
Scientists at NUST MISIS have developed composites that can efficiently remove heat from electronic devices, potentially replacing traditional materials like fiberglass. The new material has high thermal conductivity and mechanical properties, making it suitable for use in smartphones and other electronics.
A team of researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology has discovered a novel method for creating heat dissipation materials using non-toxic filamentous viruses. The material, which can be easily prepared at room temperature, exhibits high thermal conductivity comparable to inorganic glass.
Researchers isolated a novel oral microbe, Desulfobulbus oralis, in adults with periodontitis, shedding light on its adaptations and evolution. Meanwhile, scientists at ORNL also developed a new cast aluminum alloy for engine cylinder heads, aiming to boost fuel efficiency without sacrificing performance.
Materials experts at UCI have created a revolutionary new material that can change its reflectivity in under a second, mimicking the properties of squid skin. The technology has potential applications in military camouflage, space insulation, and more.
A team of researchers found evidence of early humans using coloring materials and obtaining raw materials from distant sources around 320,000 years ago. This discovery pushes back the evolutionary timeline and suggests that early humans developed social networks and complex behaviors earlier than previously thought.
Scientists used advanced microscopy techniques to study the atomic structure of PMN, a widely used relaxor material in ultrasound and sonar applications. The findings reveal that atoms are arranged in a gradual gradient, differing from conventional wisdom predictions.
Researchers developed a mathematical approach to predict crease formation in soft solids, enabling on-demand control of adaptive surface morphology. This breakthrough enables the design and fabrication of morphable materials for stretchable electronics, self-foldable machines, and lab-on-a-chip devices.
A team of researchers has successfully controlled multiple quantum mechanical properties in a single material, including ferroelectricity and conductivity. The breakthrough could lead to the development of ultrafast, low-power electronics and quantum computers.
Researchers discovered a new quantitative relation to identify promising material combinations for organic solar cells. The discovery enables chemists to evaluate different mixtures before manufacturing devices, optimizing performance and reducing processing time.
The University of Washington and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory are joining forces to research and develop new materials that will significantly influence tomorrow's world. The joint endeavor, NW IMPACT, aims to tackle areas such as materials for energy conversion, quantum materials, water separation, and biomimetic materials.
Researchers used a new platform, MAESTRO, to observe the electronic structure of a 2-D semiconductor material, tungsten disulfide (WS2), at microscale resolution. The study suggests that WS2 may be highly tunable, with possible applications for spintronics and electronics.
Researchers created a quantum many-body system using trapped atoms in an artificial crystal, enabling them to study the physics of magnetic materials. By controlled shaking of the crystal, they switched between two forms of magnetic order, a crucial process for data storage.
Researchers at Osaka University redesigned a polymer to improve its hole conductivity, enhancing solar power conversion performance. This design enables mass production through simple printing methods, potentially lowering costs and increasing adoption of plastic solar cells.