Articles tagged with Metals
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers identified lithium hydride (LiH) as a dominant compound in anode breakdown during lithium metal batteries (LMBs), which can be reversed by increasing temperature. The discovery offers hope to enhance battery life without size increase or cost.
Scientists have identified lithium hydride and a new form of lithium fluoride in the interphase of lithium metal anodes using ultrabright x-rays. This finding is a major step towards developing smaller, lighter, and less expensive batteries for electric vehicles.
Researchers developed an illumination-reaction decoupled n-Si MIS photocathode that surmounts challenges impeding p-Si MIS photocathode development. The new design utilizes majority carriers to drive the surface reduction reaction, avoiding light-shielding problems and enabling higher efficiency.
Researchers at the University of Göttingen have created a novel approach for generating X-rays by utilizing a thin layer structure with varying electron densities. This 'sandwich structure' enables focused X-ray beams to be directed in a specific direction, overcoming the challenges of traditional X-ray tube methods.
Researchers from Chalmers University of Technology have developed concrete guidelines for charging and operating lithium metal batteries to minimize the risk of short circuits. By optimizing charge parameters, the team aims to create safer and more efficient batteries with higher energy density.
Researchers developed a GaN-based MEMS resonator that maintains stability even above 600K by regulating strain caused by heat. This device is highly sensitive, small, and can be integrated with CMOS technology, making it promising for various applications including 5G communication.
Physicists at Princeton University have observed quantum oscillation in an insulator, a phenomenon typically seen in metals. The discovery hints at the existence of neutral fermions and challenges the long-held distinction between metals and insulators.
Researchers at UC Berkeley develop a new catalytic process converting polyethylene plastic into high-value adhesives, enhancing its stickiness without compromising other traits. This breakthrough could change the economics of turning waste into valuable products.
Researchers discovered that tiny bubbles or pores form during the printing process due to fluctuations in the keyhole's depth. By controlling the machines' speed and power, companies can avoid this problem and improve printing processes.
Scientists create miniscule robots with plastic chassis and magnetic metal wheels, powered by rotating magnetic fields, opening up applications for delivering medications and treating aneurysms.
A new theory developed by scientists at SISSA has established a relationship between the presence of 'handles' in the space of atom and molecule arrangements and a material's electrical conductivity. The research found that materials equipped with handles, previously thought to be insulators, can conduct electricity like metals.
Researchers demonstrate a solvent-assisted ligand exchange-hydrogen reduction strategy for selective encapsulation of ultrafine metal nanoparticles within the shallow layers of MOF. This approach reduces mass transfer resistance and enhances metal dispersion, promoting highly efficient hydrogenation reactions.
Researchers discovered that 'bad metals' transform into quasiparticles, allowing them to pair up and superconduct current without resistance. This explains their unusual behavior in low-temperature superconductors.
Researchers at Columbia University discovered that adding potassium ions to conventional lithium battery electrolytes prevents lithium microstructure proliferation, ultimately limiting the growth of dendrites that can cause short-circuiting and fires. This breakthrough enables stable lithium metal batteries with improved performance.
Scientists have solved the Casimir puzzle by accounting for energy losses of conduction electrons in metals, leading to agreement between theory and high-precision measurements. The new approach takes into account both real and virtual fluctuations, enabling reliable calculation and creation of miniature nanodevices.
Researchers at the University of Rochester have developed a way to visualize molecules in 3D, showing their position, orientation, and wobble. This technology, called CHIDO, could shed light on biological processes involved in diseases like COVID-19.
Scientists at UNSW have created a method to produce high-quality two-dimensional MoS2 semiconductors without grain boundaries. By using gallium metal in its liquid state, researchers were able to form the desired MoS2 material on an atomically smooth surface, paving the way for ultra-low energy electronics with fast switching speeds.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have developed a new method to pinpoint cracks in metals long before they cause disasters. By testing metals at a microscopic scale, they can rapidly inflict repetitive loads and track damage progression into cracks.
Scientists create a method to manipulate metal surfaces using N-heterocyclic carbenes, which cooperate to rearrange the structure atom by atom, mimicking a zipper mechanism.
Researchers at Waseda University developed a novel technique that can produce 3D objects combining both metal and plastic. This breakthrough opens up new possibilities for 3D electronics, potentially leading to improved healthcare and nursing care devices.
Stanford University scientists have identified a class of solid materials that could replace flammable liquid electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries, improving safety and performance. The new materials, made of lithium, boron, and sulfur, show promise as stable and efficient alternatives.
Researchers propose multifunctional liquid metal nanocapsules with tunable polylactone shells for improved thermal/photo-molding properties, electric conductivity, and notch-insensitive tearing. The powder of LM capsules combines exceptional properties of liquid metals and polylactone shells.
Researchers discovered a method to enhance the photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) of 1D metal halide C4N2H14PbB4 by suppressing non-radiative loss under high pressure. The findings reveal that pressure-tuned STE binding energy and confined motion of organic cations contribute to the PL enhancement.
Researchers have discovered a simple method for creating a curved photonic beam using a microparticle, which can be used for various applications such as microscopy and lithography. This breakthrough enables the creation of more flexible and versatile photonics devices.
A Boston University School of Public Health study found that mobile e-shredding trucks expose workers to toxic metals and particles, posing health risks. The study calls for improved safety guidelines to protect vulnerable populations who are disproportionately affected by the growing industry.
Scientists at HKU and Stanford University develop a new data storage method that uses quantum geometry to store information. This technology reduces energy consumption by over 100 times compared to traditional methods, making it ideal for emerging in-memory computing and neural network computing.
Researchers from Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University produced a metal with increased ductility, three times higher than specified in standard. This discovery can change component design and improve material performance for industries like Aerospace.
Researchers discuss direct conversion of N2 into organic compounds via N-C bond formation, with potential applications in sustainable systems. The review highlights the challenges and limitations of current methods, but also outlines promising future research directions.
Researchers at the Flatiron Institute and Cornell University developed a robust theoretical model of strange metals, revealing their existence as a new state of matter. The model shows that strange metals exhibit properties linked to temperature and fundamental constants, with surprising connections to black holes and high-temperature ...
A nationwide survey of dragonfly larvae has confirmed the use of these insects to measure mercury pollution in US national parks, providing a new tool for researchers. The study found that about two-thirds of aquatic sites studied within national parks are polluted with moderate-to-extreme levels of mercury.
Researchers developed a COF-LZU1 coating to redistribute Li-ions, improving battery performance. The coating's nanochannels hinder anion migration, increasing the Li-ion transference number and transforming mossy or dendritic Li into smooth deposition.
Researchers developed a new soft electrolyte that suppresses lithium dendrites, allowing for longer cycle life and improved safety. The technology enables the production of high-energy density batteries for electric aircraft and long-range electric cars.
A new analysis of 71 studies with over 950,000 participants found significantly higher odds of knee osteoarthritis in physically demanding job titles such as farmers and builders.
Chinese researchers successfully integrated non-noble metal ions into semiconductor quantum dots, creating ultra-small nanocrystals with integrated light absorber, protecting layer and active site. The loading of metal ions enables the efficient evolution of hydrogen from water through photocatalysis.
Thermophones enable creation of fully controlled arrays from thin metal films attached to wires, paving the way for new sound technologies including home cinema systems. Researchers demonstrate improved sound control and richer sound fields compared to traditional arrays.
Researchers create a new way to store data by sliding atomically thin layers of metal over one another, packing more data in less space while using less energy. This approach has the potential to be faster than current technologies, with some estimates suggesting it could be accomplished over 100 times faster.
Researchers analyzed cores from the Basque Mud Patch to determine sedimentation rates and detect environmental contamination. The study found that metals and contaminants accumulate at an approximate rate of one millimeter per year, highlighting human activity's impact on the coastal area.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute discovered strong oscillations in conductivity that signal quantum interference over vast distances. The findings require macroscopic quantum coherence and are only possible with ultra-pure materials like delafossites.
Researchers from Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA) have developed a method to detect keyhole instability in laser deep penetration welding. The technique uses an acoustic sensor and optical measurements analyzed with artificial intelligence, allowing for real-time monitoring of weld quality.
Bayram Saparov, a University of Oklahoma assistant professor, has been awarded a five-year Department of Energy Early Career Research Award to develop more efficient solar panels and LEDs. The award aims to bolster the nation's scientific workforce and support exceptional researchers in their early career years.
Aalto University researchers have developed a nature-imitating coating that makes batteries more durable and efficient. The coating, produced using carbon dioxide in molecular layer deposition, can protect the actual electrode material and enable the use of new, more efficient materials like lithium.
Researchers at Stanford University have developed a new lithium-based electrolyte that can improve the performance of lithium metal batteries. The novel electrolyte design boosts energy density and coulombic efficiency, leading to longer battery life and reduced weight.
Researchers estimate 30+ active intelligent civilizations in our galaxy using new data and simplifying assumptions about life forms. The Astrobiological Copernican Limit suggests that intelligent life may exist for billions of years, giving clues to our own civilization's long-term existence.
Researchers at UNSW Sydney synthesized ultra-thin carbon-based materials using liquid metals and organic fuels at room temperature, a first for this method. The ultra-smooth surface of the liquid metals templates atomically-thin carbon-based sheets, which can be used in various applications including battery storage and solar cells.
Scientists find electricity generated by interactions between water molecules and metals can be harnessed to create a new source of energy. The study reveals that high humidity levels above 60% can produce voltages up to one volt, offering potential for developing batteries charged from water vapor in the air.
Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder have developed a new method for smart window technology that uses reversible metal electrodeposition to control tinting. The process is cheaper, more effective, and more durable than current options on the market.
Astronomers have identified a new class of cosmic explosions, dubbed fast blue optical transients (FBOTs), which produce the fastest and heaviest outflows ever recorded. The newly discovered object, CSS161010, has surpassed the famous AT2018COW in speed and mass ejected during its event.
Scientists have discovered the mysterious material tantalum disulfide, which exhibits unintuitive behavior, switching from conductor to insulator. The study reveals that 'Mottness' is a key player in explaining this phenomenon, challenging traditional theories.
Scientists in Australia and Germany have developed a hybrid structure combining traditional chip design with photonic architecture to overcome engineering barriers. This allows for efficient manipulation of light at the nanoscale, achieving data processing at 100 times smaller than the wavelength of light carrying the information.
Researchers have developed a novel freeze-thaw method to create noble metal aerogels with high surface areas and self-healing properties. These aerogels exhibit impressive light-driven photoelectrocatalytic performance, outperforming commercial palladium-on-carbon catalysts.
Researchers discovered that controlling laser power can mitigate spatter issues in L-PBF printing, reducing the formation of defects and deformations. This breakthrough could lead to more reliable and high-quality prints, revolutionizing manufacturing in advanced fields.
Researchers at Florida State University have created a hollow nanostructure for metal halide perovskites, which shows potential for more efficient photon-related technologies. The new structure exhibits pronounced quantum size effects and is the first to display negative curvature.
The team developed a flexible composite LLZO sheet electrolyte that can be produced at room temperature, reducing energy consumption and enabling widespread adoption of lithium metal batteries. The electrolyte functions over a wide range of temperatures, making it suitable for electric vehicles.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science devise a new method to synthesize complex acyl fluorides from widely available acyl fluorides through a reversible reaction involving palladium. The technique uses an 'acyl-exchange reaction' to produce adequate amounts of complex acyl fluorides with high efficiency.
The UC San Diego team created a nano-composite separator that slows down the flow of energy and heat inside lithium metal batteries when they short circuit. This allows the battery to self-discharge gradually, preventing catastrophic failure and potential fires.
Graphite has been found to be intrinsically lithiophilic at 500K, contradicting previous conclusions that it was lithiophobic. The study uses ab initio molecular dynamics simulation and shows that surface chemistry plays a key role in the wetting performance of Li metal on graphite.
Researchers at UNIST developed an ion concentrate electrolyte using a solvent containing fluorine atoms, which protects both the negative and positive electrodes in lithium metal batteries. This new composition increases battery output and lifespan, addressing stability issues with lithium metal batteries.
The study achieved time-resolved measurement of a single magnetic memory event using a tunnel junction, revealing two stages: incubation and actual reversal. The researchers developed a strategy to minimize time fluctuations, reducing the total time for the reversal event to less than 0.3 nanoseconds.
Researchers at UC San Diego developed an ultrasound-emitting device that improves charge time and run time in lithium metal batteries by preventing dendrite growth. The device enables fast-charging and high-energy batteries, offering twice the capacity of current lithium ion batteries.
Researchers found graphene can withstand more than a billion cycles of high stress without breaking. The material's unique structure is attributed to its regular and simple lattice, making it highly resistant to fatigue.