Grassland Ecosystems

Slower winds help grasslands enhance carbon gain while saving water

Rice researchers use network analysis to understand mammal food web drivers across Africa

A study published in Ecology Letters found that similarity in environmental conditions predicts local food web similarity across a continent. The researchers used satellite images and network analysis to identify habitat fragmentation and vegetation amount as major factors in shaping food webs.

Vegetation patterns and ecosystem resilience: relationship status “complicated”

Researchers challenge long-held assumptions about vegetation patterns in dryland ecosystems, finding that such patterns can actually indicate reduced ecosystem resilience. The new theoretical framework takes into account spatial constraints and environmental heterogeneities, revealing that ecosystem stability depends on specific enviro...

Hidden insect diversity in grass shoots threatened by mowing

Researchers identified 255 insect species in perennial grasses, but few in annual grasses, highlighting the importance of unmown refuges for biodiversity

Plant diversity shapes chemical communication in ecosystems

Researchers found that diverse plant communities emit more complex chemical signals, which can affect individual plants and the entire ecosystem. The study highlights the importance of biodiversity in maintaining natural signaling systems and supports sustainable agriculture practices to promote plant diversity.

Overlooked decline in grazing livestock brings risks and opportunities

A new global study finds that nearly half of livestock production occurs in areas with destocking, a process that poses new ecological and land management challenges. Destocking can increase wildfire risk and biodiversity decline, but also enables ecosystems to capture more atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Green initiatives can increase emissions but still benefit the climate

A new Danish model reveals that green initiatives in farming can lead to increased greenhouse gas emissions from one aspect of the system, while storing more carbon in the soil over time. The CIRKULÆR model shows that policymakers must consider the entire agricultural system to make informed decisions.

Dry grass: Research project explores the effect of multi-year drought on grasslands

A recent paper in the journal Science investigates the impact of drought on grasslands, finding that moderate droughts do not lead to long-term losses. In contrast, extreme droughts can cause significant species loss and reduced plant life. The study's results have implications for global carbon and climate modeling.

Grassland degradation reshapes relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality

A new study reveals that grassland degradation increases soil microbial diversity while reducing plant richness, leading to a decline in ecosystem functioning and multifunctionality. The research highlights the critical importance of conserving soil microbial communities for sustainable restoration of degraded grasslands.

Research shows how Dust Bowl-type drought causes unprecedented productivity loss

A global research effort by Colorado State University reveals that extreme, prolonged droughts in grasslands and shrublands result in more than twice the loss of plant productivity compared to moderate droughts. The study suggests that these ecosystems lose their ability to recover over time under prolonged dry conditions.

More milk, less methane in mixed pastures?

A meta-analysis of 16 studies found that diverse pasturelands have no effect on milk production or methane emissions, but a higher proportion of legumes can promote milk yield. The study suggests that farms should consider the benefits of diverse grassland areas for overall productivity and ecosystem benefits.

The smallest herbivores create the biggest impact for grassland forage

Researchers found that prairie dogs and grasshoppers greatly increase soil nutrient availability, with prairie dog towns showing the highest levels of carbon and nitrogen. Grasshoppers also contribute to phosphorus cycling, while larger herbivores consume relatively constant plant biomass.

Grassland changes put endangered parrot at greater risk

The golden-shouldered parrot is abandoning areas of grassland it usually nests in due to woody plant encroachment, increasing predation risk. The study's findings highlight the importance of maintaining remnant grasslands for the conservation of grassland-dependent species.

Illinois plant ecologists fight to restore Midwest biodiversity

Researchers at the University of Illinois are working to bring back biodiversity to the Midwest by analyzing commercially sold seeds and plants. They found that long-lived species were more available than sensitive ones, and certain plant groups were over- or underrepresented in commercial seed mixes.

Cold winters halt the northward spread of species in a warming climate

A new study on the wall brown butterfly found that rapid evolution aids its northward expansion, but cold winters restrict further growth. The study showed that butterflies from northern populations grew faster and survived winter better, but still couldn't persist beyond certain climatic limits.

Research shows how solar arrays can aid grasslands during drought

A new study from Colorado State University reveals that photovoltaic (PV) arrays in grasslands can improve soil moisture levels and increase plant growth, particularly during dry years. The research found a 90% increase in grass production on the east side of panels compared to neighboring open sites.

Smartphones reveal hidden impacts of people on wildlife

Researchers used anonymized GPS data from smartphones to monitor how wildlife reacts to people, highlighting the potential of human mobility data in tracking human-wildlife conflicts. The study's findings can inform conservation planning, help protect animals and wild spaces, and ensure that recreational activities are done responsibly.

Faced with drought, fertilizer helps grasslands grow strong

A new international study published in Nature Ecology & Evolution found that fertilizer can help plants survive short-term periods of extreme drought. The researchers added nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to 26 sites across 9 countries and found a 24% increase in plant growth with fertilizer addition.

Climate change and cheese quality: the pivotal role of grass feeding

Researchers studied the effects of adaptation strategies on milk and cheese quality in response to climate change. The results show that cows fed on grazed grass produce richer cheeses with higher omega-3 fatty acids content, while those fed on corn silage produce whiter, firmer cheeses.

Nutrients strengthen link between precipitation and plant growth, study finds

A new study found that nutrient availability plays a crucial role in the relationship between precipitation and plant biomass. In grasslands, plant biomass increases with higher mean annual precipitation, but nutrient availability also comes into play. Fertilizing sites with multiple nutrients boosted plant growth and biomass, revealin...

China's natural terrestrial ecosystems: a significant source and sink of methane and nitrous oxide

A new study reveals China's NTEs were significant sources of CH₄ and N₂O emissions between 1980 and 2020, with an accumulated GWP of 5.55 Pg CO₂-equivalent. The net warming effect is primarily driven by N₂O emissions.

New study refocuses research on mysterious falcon decline

A new study provides insight into the American Kestrel's mysterious decline by examining juvenile survival rates, revealing high success in the first weeks outside of the nest. This breakthrough may redirect future studies to untapped areas of inquiry and inform conservation efforts.

The long wait for bees to return to restored grasslands

Research by Kobe University reveals that restoring abandoned grasslands requires at least 75 years of continuous management to regain plant diversity. Pollinators also take time to adapt, with generalist insects like flies and hoverflies dominating recently restored sites.

Research contrasts drought sensitivity of Eurasian and North American grasslands

Research reveals that Eurasian Steppe grasslands are more susceptible to drought than North American Great Plains due to lower plant diversity. The study found a 43% reduction in annual productivity in Eurasia compared to a 25% reduction in North America under similar extreme drought conditions.

Protecting the Plains: Conserving prairie dogs will revitalize North America’s grasslands

Researchers at Colorado State University have identified priority areas for prairie dog conservation, which benefits not only the prairie dog but also other grassland species. The study provides a blueprint for conserving habitats that could help revitalize North America's Central Grasslands.

Exploring and mapping the distribution of temperate savanna in the sandy lands of eastern China

Temperate savannas in eastern China have been mapped for the first time, revealing their geographical distribution and extent. The research provides precise information on the spatial characteristics of these ecosystems, supporting conservation and utilization efforts.

An inexpensive fix for California’s struggling wildflowers

A recent UC Riverside study found that raking dead grass can boost California's native wildflower diversity, reducing fire danger and increasing plant community changes. The simple, low-cost method of removing invasive grass layers allows native seeds to germinate and grow.

Virtual fences are a pollinator-friendly option for ranchlands

Researchers found that virtual fences created a more gradual transition between native grassland and fully grazed areas, increasing native habitat for pollinators and birds. This transition zone, spanning over 15 meters, provided a greater variation of vegetation heights compared to fenced rangeland.

Lifesaver for wild bees: The importance of quarries

A study published in the Journal of Applied Ecology found that diverse landscapes with good connectivity between quarries and calcareous grasslands support wild bees. Large, old, and flower-rich quarries are particularly valuable habitats for endangered species.

Global ocean oscillations and climate change affect weather patterns in the Serengeti

Researchers found recurrent severe droughts and erratic wet conditions in the Greater Mara-Serengeti ecosystem, with a 5 degree C temperature rise over six decades. The study highlights the importance of understanding regional climate trends to predict future climate conditions and mitigate their impact on wildlife populations.

Grasslands live in the climate change fast lane

New research reveals that grasslands are responding to climate change almost in real time, with shifts driven by temperature and precipitation changes. The study found that as the climate became hotter and drier, dominant species adapted to those conditions, leading to potential loss of biodiversity.

Treatment with smoke can favor seed germination in the Cerrado

A study by UNESP found that smoke from two concentrations stimulates germination in 32% of plant species, with some grasses growing faster. The results could aid restoration strategies for degraded areas and offer a competitive advantage to certain Cerrado species after fires.

Braiding community values with science is key to ecosystem restoration

A research team finds that local community members are indispensable partners in enhancing community engagement in repairing damaged ecosystems. Local values and attitudes play a crucial role in promoting sustainable ecosystem management practices.

Harnessing ecological theory for successful ecosystem restoration

Scientists have developed a research framework to incorporate ecological theory into ecosystem management, enabling more effective restoration and counteracting rising carbon dioxide emissions. The approach maps ecological theories to desired restoration outcomes, prioritizing climate-smart restoration and rebuilding ecosystems faster.

The role of biodiversity in mitigating rapid loss of plant community stability in drylands during changing climate

A study published in Global Change Biology reveals that higher biodiversity and synchrony between C3 and C4 species can increase a community's stability. Maintaining diverse plant communities with high C3 and C4 species abundance is key to enhancing stability across Mongolian grasslands.

Mosaic grassland landscapes are the most beneficial

Researchers found that extensive, unfertilized grasslands promote biodiversity and soil protection, while pastures and meadows provide cultural services. The study suggests a combination of different grassland types is necessary to sustain all ecosystem services.

Researchers find energy development and tree encroachment impact Wyoming pronghorn

Research shows that long-term declines in pronghorn productivity are associated with increased oil and gas development and woody encroachment. Manual removal of trees and controlled burning could help protect iconic rangeland species like pronghorn.

Global ecosystem contribute trillions in its services with key synergies and trade-offs

A study estimates that global ecosystems provide USD 112-197 trillion to the economy, with forests and wetlands accounting for nearly 80% of this value. Strong synergies are found among oxygen release, climate regulation, and carbon sequestration services, while trade-offs occur between flood regulation and other services.

Study reveals accelerated soil priming under climate warming

Researchers at University of Oklahoma discover that climate warming accelerates soil priming in temperate grassland ecosystem, leading to increased soil carbon release. This finding highlights the crucial role of soil priming in terrestrial carbon cycle feedback processes and climate regulation.

Reforestation programs could threaten vast area of tropical grasslands

A new study by the University of Liverpool warns that reforestation initiatives can harm wildlife and ecosystems if not done properly. The research highlights issues with tree-planting in non-forest systems, such as savannas and grasslands, which are under threat from increased tree cover.

'Carbon vault' peat suffers greatly from drought

Researchers found that peat exposed to mild drought still absorbs some carbon, but extreme drought causes it to release carbon. Increasing biodiversity in peatlands does little to combat drought, contrary to previous assumptions.

Colorado State researcher leads global study of extreme drought impacts on grasslands and shrublands

A global study led by Colorado State University scientists shows that extreme drought has been greatly underestimated for grasslands and shrublands. The study found that the loss of aboveground plant growth was 60% greater when short-term drought was extreme, exceeding previously reported losses.

Rice study: AI provides more accurate analysis of prehistoric and modern animals, painting picture of ancient world

A recent study published in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences found that AI technology can accurately identify prehistoric and modern African antelopes, with an accuracy rate of over 90% compared to humans. This breakthrough sheds light on ancient ecosystems and their impact on human evolution.

Idai vs. Impalas: New study shows in real-time what helps mammals survive a natural disaster

A team of researchers used trail cameras and GPS collars to track the effects of Cyclone Idai on Gorongosa National Park's mammal community. They found that body size was a key predictor of survival, with smaller animals more vulnerable to the storm's impact.

New study reveals overlooked driver of biodiversity across landscapes: conditions during plant establishment

Researchers found that planting conditions impact diversity, particularly for perennial species, and that timing of establishment can increase biodiversity. This understanding has important implications for managing restoration projects to promote diversity and long-term resilience.

Can macroclimate explain the distribution of the Eurasian forest-steppe zone?

Researchers used statistical methods to investigate the extent of climate support for the Eurasian forest-steppe zone's delineation. The study found that macroclimate explains a significant portion of the zone's distribution, with some regions showing strong agreement and others requiring further refinement.

New UNCG research will help better predict the health and sustainability of ‘grassy’ ecosystems

Researchers from UNC Greensboro have developed new methods to predict the impact of global changes on 'grassy' ecosystems, which cover 40% of the Earth's land surface. The study aims to improve mathematical models that forecast changes in these ecosystems, including food production, pollinators, and carbon sequestration.

Cambridge University receives $72 million gift for habitat restoration projects across Europe’s land and seas

The Endangered Landscapes & Seascapes Programme will support up to eight new sea restoration projects across Europe. This funding aims to create resilient ecosystems that benefit nature and people. The programme's third phase will focus on expanding large-scale restoration projects, including those focused on Europe's seas.

Carbon-capture tree plantations threaten tropical biodiversity for little gain, ecologists say

Ecologists say that carbon-capture tree plantations have a negative impact on tropical biodiversity and ecosystem services, despite their potential to offset climate change. In contrast, intact ecosystems like forests, grasslands, and savannahs store large quantities of carbon below ground and provide multiple ecosystem services.

Invertebrate decline reduces natural pest control and decomposition of organic matter

A recent study published in Current Biology found that invertebrate decline affects aboveground pest control and belowground decomposition of organic matter. The loss of invertebrates leads to a reduction in important ecosystem services and decoupling of ecosystem processes, making immediate protection measures necessary.

Study explores an underappreciated way warmer temperatures will impact ecosystems: Decomposition

A new study led by Holden Arboretum ecologists explores the impact of warmer temperatures on decomposition rates in natural ecosystems. The research reveals that interactions between microbes, plants, and warming temperatures can alter decomposition rates, providing valuable insights into how climate change affects ecosystem function.

Researchers find global plant water use efficiency stalled due to climate change

New research found that plant water use efficiency has stalled since 2001 due to climate change, contradicting earlier hopes it would help improve water consumption. The study's findings suggest that rising temperatures and atmospheric CO2 may be undermining nature-based methods to achieve carbon neutrality.

The carbon cycle is speeding up

A recent study found that warming in Northern ecosystems leads to a massive loss of carbon in the soil, with up to 40% released into the atmosphere within years after warming. The research team also discovered that plant productivity becomes nitrogen limited under warming conditions, reducing the ecosystem's ability to store carbon.

Hidden cameras spot wildlife returning home after 2018 megafire

A recent study analyzing camera trap images found six wildlife species, including coyote and gray fox, to be remarkably resistant to the Mendocino Complex Fire's impacts. Small patches of tree cover spared by the fire provided a refuge for these animals, allowing them to recover and even spread back into burned areas.

Stop eradication of small mammals to protect vital ecosystems, say scientists

Current measures to protect grasslands in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are damaging the ecosystem and should be stopped. Small burrowing mammals, like the plateau pika and zokor, play crucial ecological roles in maintaining ecosystem health and biodiversity.

Ohio University professor Nancy Stevens helps uncover ecosystem evolution in Africa in paper published in Science

Researchers found evidence of abundant C4 grasses and habitat heterogeneity in eastern Africa, challenging previous reconstructions of early Miocene ecosystems. The study pushes back the oldest evidence of C4 grass-dominated habitats by over 10 million years, with implications for primate evolution and tropical ecosystem origins.

Temperature, drought influencing movement of Plains bison

A recent study found that temperature and extreme drought drive movement among herds of Plains bison, posing challenges for managing the iconic species. The team analyzed GPS-backed evidence from 33 Plains bison across two sites in Oklahoma, revealing a strong link between air temperature and bison movement.

Decade-long project by Baylor researcher and collaborators pushes back the prehistoric timeline in Africa by more than 10 million years

Researchers found evidence of C4 grasses in eastern Africa dating back to around 15 million years ago, contradicting the long-held idea that open habitats proliferated later. The findings suggest that early apes lived in a variety of habitats and that C4 grasses played a significant role in shaping their evolution.

Dry forests and savannas vital for Brazil’s climate goals

Restoration of Brazil's dry forests and savannas can sequester up to 1.5 billion tonnes of carbon in the long term, while conservation is essential to meet its 2030 climate goal. The new study suggests a focus on these biomes could be more cost-effective than restoration.

Scientists hoodwinked by touch-me-not plants for decades

Researchers from Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University identify vital differences between the plants, including pollinators and lifespan, confirming their classification. The study highlights the importance of recognizing every species for conservation programs.