Articles tagged with Population Dynamics
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Hypertension control increased from 27.3% in 1988-1994 to 50.1% in 2007-2008, with blood pressure decreases among patients with hypertension. However, hypertension prevalence has not decreased in recent years and remains high at approximately 65 million individuals in the US.
Hong Kong's tobacco control efforts have successfully decreased smoking prevalence from 23% in 1982 to 12% in 2008. The region's strategies, including tax increases and anti-smuggling efforts, have contributed to the success.
A team of scientists has discovered that the drastic decline in Arctic musk ox populations began due to a warming climate rather than human hunting. The researchers used ancient DNA to test for human impacts on musk ox populations and found that humans were not responsible for their decline.
A new study found that the abundance of roundscale spearfish, a look-alike species of white marlin, clouds the accuracy of past population size assessments. This misidentification might have impacted management efforts and highlights the need for updated biological knowledge on white marlin.
Professor Hanna Kokko has been awarded the Per Brinck Oikos Award 2010 for her groundbreaking research on ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Her work focuses on the interactions between individual behavior, life-history theory, and population dynamics, with applications to conservation and management problems.
Researchers estimate ancient Rome's population declined after 100 B.C. based on a unique method using coin hoards, bundles of buried Roman coins. The study suggests intense internal warfare led to the decline, with implications for understanding current Roman history and social structure.
A study found substantial changes in rodent size and shape over the past century, tied to human population density and climate change. Rodents from around the world, including Channel Island deer mice and white-footed mice, exhibited significant anatomic changes, with increases and decreases in 15 traits measured.
A new study in Operations Research journal highlights the difficulty of defeating insurgent groups like the Taliban, citing the crucial role of timely and accurate military intelligence. The model shows that even good intelligence may only contain the insurgency, not defeat it, and that the government's best option is to achieve a cont...
Researchers found that Southern Elephant seals quickly responded to the gain and loss of habitat under climate change by establishing a new breeding site in the Ross Sea Embayment. This new habitat was adopted due to abundant food resources and physical space, allowing rapid expansion of the population.
A NASA-funded study is predicting land abandonment in Russia by incorporating population trends, cultural factors, and climate change. The research aims to determine which lands are most likely to be abandoned in the future, with ethnic groups playing a key role in this trend.
A new study by Eric Post and colleagues reveals that population responses to climate change vary significantly across different species and regions. The study's approach, which uses multi-stage analyses of fluctuating populations over time, shows a strong role for species interactions in buffering responses to climate.
Researchers create novel method to reconstruct missing data, enabling calculations of lost information and a more complete picture of climate evolution. This breakthrough will help tackle ecological studies, such as population fluctuations and extinction rates, and uncover new findings on climate change.
Researchers found phytoplankton levels decreasing in northern part of peninsula and increasing in southern part over past 30 years. This shift may contribute to decline of penguin populations.
A new study by University of Toronto scientists links Indonesian forest fires to changes in land use and population density, revealing a direct impact on haze disasters and greenhouse gas emissions.
A survey in a Yorkshire village found that people are less aware of past changes in local bird populations, indicating 'generational amnesia.' The study's results suggest that wildlife knowledge is not being passed on from older to younger people.
A University of Calgary researcher has uncovered fundamental rules governing population cycles in natural systems, shedding light on the balancing act between stability and dramatic swings. The study reveals how food availability affects juvenile growth in populations, explaining different types of cycles in predator-prey systems.
Researchers analyzed dense colonies of Escherichia coli bacteria to understand biomechanical ordering. They found a dynamic change from disorder to alignment and developed a model of collective cell dynamics.
Scientists at Rockefeller University have developed a predictive model of worldwide population shifts that will provide more accurate estimates of migration patterns. The model accounts for approximately 60% of the variation in annual numbers of migrants and has the potential to improve resource allocation and economic conditions.
Biologists studied male copulatory organ size and horn length in Onthophagus taurus, finding substantial differences between populations. The study suggests that natural selection can drive speciation by making individuals from different populations sexually incompatible, potentially leading to the origin of new species.
Researchers created a living system using genetically altered bacteria to study the dynamics of interacting populations. The system, which consists of two distinct populations of bacteria that control each other's survival rates, provides a unique model for exploring population changes in a predictable manner.
A study found that individual song complexity is associated with the overall population's viability, particularly in smaller, fragmented populations. Birds from more productive populations sang more complex songs, indicating higher mating success and population health.
Researchers propose alternative explanation for increase in skates and dogfish populations, suggesting migration from connected waters. This hypothesis challenges current management approach, emphasizing ecosystem-based fisheries management.
The 5th annual Keys bonefish population census has shown a fairly steady population of approximately 364,000 bonefish, indicating reliable research methods. The study also highlights the importance of understanding the bonefish population for environmental conservation and sustainable tourism in Florida.
As patients gain knowledge, they increasingly demand accurate information and higher expectations for their care. Doctors must balance scientific evidence with patient needs, while maintaining accountability for patient safety and care.
A new study reveals that long-term climate change can initiate conflict and lead to population decline. The researchers found a cyclic pattern of turbulent periods when temperatures were low, followed by tranquil ones when temperatures were higher, resulting in increased wars and population declines.
A study found that the prevalence of functional impairments is increasing among older obese individuals in the US, despite improvements in cardiovascular health. Obese individuals are more likely to experience disability, including difficulties with daily activities.
A Mayo Clinic study reveals no significant improvement in life expectancy for RA patients over the past four decades. Researchers found a widening mortality gap between RA subjects and the general population, with cardiovascular deaths contributing to this trend.
A new study by Yoshida et al. reveals that evolutionary dynamics can mask strong interactions between predators and prey, leading to cryptic dynamics in ecology. The research uses laboratory microcosms to demonstrate how rapid evolution of prey genotypes can influence predator-prey cycles.
A new study reveals that only 37% of the US population is eligible to donate blood, with approximately 60 million fewer individuals being eligible than previously thought. The lower donor pool estimate is based on a more stringent model that excludes high-risk individuals and those with chronic diseases.
Researchers found that popularity lists for baby names, music, and dog breeds change at a steady rate, regardless of population size. The study suggests that innovation drives fashion change, with a small proportion of innovators influencing the majority through random copying.
Hispanics are the fastest growing minority population in the US, with socioeconomic and lifestyle differences contributing to preventable cancer deaths. A global initiative on cancer education and early detection could reduce mortality rates among this population.
Local interventions, such as adding fruitflies to a population, do not affect the dynamics and stability of the fruitfly metapopulation. Computer simulations confirm that constant local perturbations have no detectable effect on metapopulation stability across various ecological scenarios.
A recent study by University of Alberta psychologist Dr. Norman Brown found that momentous events like 9/11 do not drastically change people's daily lives. Instead, their memories are influenced more by historical events that have a significant impact on their daily routines.
Genetic analysis of Alaskan spruce trees reveals a tree refuge in Alaska during the last glacial period, suggesting slower migration rates than previously thought. The findings have important implications for understanding plant responses to climate change and conserving biodiversity.
The Mapping the Future map shows significant population growth in developing countries and increases in coastal populations exposed to sea level rise. Meanwhile, parts of Eastern Europe, Asia, and Japan are expected to experience widespread population decline.
Scientists Jun-Yi Leu and Andrew Murray evolved yeast populations in the lab to study early stages of speciation. After 36 generations, the evolving population became five times more likely to mate with other evolved cells, suggesting genetic mutations altered mating timing and promoted reproductive isolation.
The incidence of invasive melanoma has significantly increased among Hispanic males in California between 1988 and 2001. The rate of invasive tumors greater than 0.75mm thick is particularly concerning, with a notable increase among Hispanic men compared to non-Hispanic whites.
According to recent data from the Canadian Medical Association Journal, the prevalence of class I, II and III obesity in Canada has decreased among children and adolescents. The study found a significant decline in obesity rates from 2000 to 2017, with notable improvements seen in urban areas.
New analysis confirms a logarithmic relationship between population size and time-to-extinction, providing insights into extinction dynamics. The study also reveals that ten populations exhibiting 'extinction vortices' show deteriorating dynamics as extinction approaches.
Researchers created a new mathematical model to predict and prevent societal collapse, shedding light on the mysterious Easter Island population crash. The model successfully mimics the island's rapid decline due to finite resource depletion, providing valuable insights for modern population management.
Scientists have discovered how climate change causes simultaneous increases or decreases in abundance of multiple species within a large geographical area. A study found that severe weather conditions directly affect the transmission of parasites, which drives populations into synchrony.
Researchers explore links between chronic stress in birds, depleted medieval fish stocks, and the costs of extended lifespan. Studies reveal how food and predators impact physiology and demography in songbirds and propose a norm for inseparable effects on both.
A new Red List Index measures changes in extinction risk for birds worldwide, showing a steady deterioration between 1988 and 2004. The index provides a reliable baseline to track progress toward the 2010 biodiversity target, with particularly steep declines observed for Asian birds and seabirds affected by commercial long-line fisheries.
Researchers explore the role of genetics, social organization, and sexual selection in shaping family structures and behaviors in various species. From pathogens to genes, scientists uncover the intricate mechanisms driving the evolution of complex social systems.
Studies show that foreign males from conflict populations are more costly to females, but benefits of sexual selection may outweigh costs at intermediate levels of conflict. The findings highlight the potential cost of sexual selection and generate a fitness load.
Research by Rudgers et al. reveals symbiotic fungi facilitate invasive plant invasion in various plant communities. The study highlights the complex interactions between fungal pathogens and native plants, ultimately leading to ecosystem disruption.
A recent study found that men are more likely than women to adopt healthy behaviors, such as regular exercise and quitting smoking. Women, on the other hand, were less confident in their ability to make these changes. The researchers hope their findings can be used to assist both men and women with adopting healthier lifestyles.
A new approach to monitoring suicide trends suggests that favourable overall rates may hide increasing rates of years lost due to suicide among young people. This analysis of English and Welsh data reveals a potential decline in life expectancy for this age group.
A study by Michigan State University scientist Jianguo Liu and colleagues found that household dynamics, including smaller households and urban sprawl, contribute to biodiversity loss and increased resource consumption. The results highlight the need for policy changes to protect wildlife habitats and ecosystem services.
A study published in Nature found that changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation synchronize population fluctuations of caribou and muskoxen across Greenland. The researchers used local and global weather data to show cross-species synchrony, indicating the North Atlantic Oscillation's influence on their population dynamics.
Researchers found that selective fishing practices can lead to dramatic changes in fish size, affecting growth rates and productivity. They propose rethinking minimum size restrictions and establishing no-take reserves to manage fisheries sustainably.
Researchers used a large database of ecological information to analyze over 100 animal populations in the wild. They found that generalist feeding organisms exhibit short cycle periods, typically four times as long as an animal's lifespan, while those that feed on one species have longer cycles.
Researchers found that some bird species experience population increases when nesting in fragmented landscapes due to the availability of suitable habitats. The study revealed that regional landscape patterns play a significant role in determining population trends among forest-nesting birds.
Researchers used paleoenvironmental techniques to study West Coast salmon populations over 2000 years, finding low population numbers in ancient periods solely due to natural fluctuations. Climatic change is the primary cause for past fluctuations, while humans have contributed to decline, particularly in southern range.
The study found that both fisheries harvest squid at the same stage of life, with two main spawning periods. The data suggest that conservation efforts need to be jointly pursued for both fisheries to maintain the spawning cycle.