Articles tagged with Control Theory
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Graphene's ability to control infrared and terahertz waves using magnetic fields has been confirmed experimentally, opening up new possibilities for opto-electronics, telecommunications, and medical diagnostics. The research also shows that graphene can be used to observe molecular chirality and search for life on exoplanets.
Researchers at the University of Huddersfield have made a groundbreaking discovery in decomposition theory, which will enable greater accuracy in the manufacture of complex products. The breakthrough is expected to offer more functionality and significantly lower costs for advanced manufacturers.
Physicists develop a new theory to predict complex dynamics of spin procession in materials subjected to ultra-short laser pulses. The approach takes into account internal spin rotation forces, making it applicable to a broader set of magnetic materials.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology successfully formulated and experimentally verified a unified theory for controlling coherent optical phonons in diamond. The theory explains the generation and detection of coherent optical photons based on a model involving two states of electrons and the quantum harmonic oscillator.
Researchers used magnetic brain stimulation to study the interaction between brain regions and networks in language production. They found that the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) plays a critical role in integrating and segregating communication between brain networks, particularly in open-ended language tasks.
A new system discovered by Jankó and collaborators enables ongoing adjustments to the material's properties over time. This allows for multiple reversible spin cycle configurations for the vortices, which can be rearranged site by site.
Researchers developed a new method for creating extremely precise clocks using controlled nuclear transitions in thorium-229 nuclei. The frequency of transitions can be increased or decreased by dozens of times, potentially increasing precision by an order of magnitude.
Researchers at Duke University have designed a thin material that can control sound waves with almost perfect efficiency, revolutionizing the manipulation of acoustic waves. The device uses a class of materials called metamaterials to redirect and reflect sound waves, offering significant improvements over previous devices.
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute professor Michael Amitay has received a $894,000 grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research to study flow separation on swept wings, which could lead to improved aerodynamic performance. The project aims to clarify and classify the origins of unsteadiness and turbulence in 3-D large-scale se...
Researchers at University of Texas at Austin analyzed 40 years of stock prices, finding that high-beta stocks do not outperform those with low betas. Controlling for lottery-like characteristics, the seminal theory is empirically supported, revealing price pressure from investors as the main cause of the anomaly.
Researchers at Lancaster University warn that a new counting method for domestic violent crime may mask the true extent of the problem. The method limits coercive and controlling behavior to one crime per victim, despite statistics showing one in 20 victims experience more than 10 domestic violence crimes a year.
The paper reviews recent progress in distributed cooperative anti-disturbance control (DCADC) methods for multi-agent systems, including variable structure control and sliding mode control. Key findings include the universality of disturbance existence and the importance of high-precision control in modern engineering systems.
A new Iowa State University study found that dual-language learners (DLLs) outperform English-only students in cognitive and academic areas once they gain basic English proficiency. DLLs with limited English skills also made significant progress, eventually matching or outperforming English-only peers.
Researchers have devised a general method to control grain boundaries in 2D materials, leading to enhanced electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and magnetism. The innovative approach utilizes Gaussian curvature on the substrate to predetermine grain boundary locations and line them up in orderly positions.
A team at Tohoku University has developed a novel approach to control the chirality of single-walled carbon nanotubes. By tuning the oxidation degree of Co catalysts, they achieved predominant synthesis of (6,4) SWNTs. This breakthrough could enable on-demand synthesis of specific-chirality SWNTs for various applications.
A new study published in the Journal of Motor Behavior found that Perceptual Control Theory can significantly improve performance in sports and other activities. The theory argues that teaching people what to do is less effective than teaching them how to picture the desired outcome.
A new study reveals that people are capable of controlling the exact timing of their blinking, a movement previously thought to be automated. This discovery challenges previous assumptions and highlights the importance of the cerebral cortex in controlling movements at will.
Researchers at North Carolina State University and Indiana University found that widely used government spending models can be rigged using assumptions to control forecasts. They developed an impartial version of the model, which suggests every dollar of increased government spending results in more than a dollar's worth of GDP growth.
Researchers extend Luttinger theorem to imbalanced fermion systems, introducing a constraint key to numerical calculations. The constraint preserves the radii of Fermi spheres, enabling separate control over up and down spin populations.
The study establishes conditions for globally stabilizing closed-loop systems and converging their position to setpoints. The selection of PID parameters has flexibility due to the availability of upper bounds for partial derivatives of nonlinear uncertain functions.
Researchers introduce two approaches to stabilize itinerant ferromagnetic state in quantum gases, allowing for experimental detection and study of this elusive physical state. By imposing moderate optical lattices or studying cloud evolution, the methods reduce three-body recombination rates, enabling longer-lived ferromagnetic domains.
Researchers at Yale University have created a Moebius strip-like structure by manipulating the shape of connected vibrating springs, demonstrating a new way to control waves. The experiment showcases an extension to the adiabatic theorem, which predicts a robust method for wave manipulation.
A new study by Union College psychology professors Joshua Hart and Christopher Chabris found that a 'triple package' of traits, including intelligence, conscientiousness, and economic advantage, are more likely to predict success than previously thought, contradicting Amy Chua's theory.
Lab-on-a-chip devices require precise fluid manipulation to operate various functions. Researchers have developed a control algorithm that improves accuracy and stability of flow regulation without requiring tuning process.
Researchers have developed a unified mathematical framework to design a single global input that synchronizes nonlinear rhythmic units in nature and manmade systems. This breakthrough enables better understanding and control of oscillation in applications such as heart pacemakers, neuronal firings, and circadian timekeeping.
A Kansas State University researcher has received a $446,000 NSF CAREER award to develop robust verification of cyber-physical systems, enabling high-confidence systems in automotive and aerospace applications. The project aims to bridge a gap in existing methodologies for cyber-physical system analysis.
Researchers from ETH Zurich and an international group of physicists successfully track and control the movement of electrons in molecules. They observed the migration of electrons along a linear molecule, demonstrating that this process can be controlled with a time resolution of 100 attoseconds.
Research reveals fundamental rules governing brain regions' ability to exert control over thoughts and actions, using structural imaging techniques and network science. The frontal cortex's role in cognitive control is mechanistically explained, shedding light on its dynamic control of trillions of individual neurons.
Researchers developed a way to convert brain scans into wiring diagrams, revealing fundamental rules governing cognitive control and the frontal cortex's role in controlling thoughts and actions. The study highlights the importance of location and connectivity between brain regions.
A team of researchers from Harvard University explored evaporative patterning transitions and discovered a simple mechanism behind drying-induced residue formations. By controlling the dynamics of evaporation, they can obtain specific types of residues while avoiding others.
Francis Clarke of Université Claude Bernard is the recipient of the 2015 W.T. and Idalia Reid Prize, awarded by the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM). He received a cash prize of $10,000, an engraved medal, and delivered a prize lecture on definitions and hypotheses in control theory.
A new theory proposes that consciousness is a passive interpreter rather than an active force, contradicting intuitive beliefs about human consciousness. According to the Passive Frame Theory, consciousness relays information to control voluntary action, but does not exert control over thoughts and feelings.
Dr. Steven Schiff aims to reduce infant mortality from neonatal sepsis by identifying infection causes and developing predictive models for optimal antimicrobial treatment. His research seeks to apply engineering control principles to prevent infections, with potential applications worldwide.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University developed a modular robot that can replicate the sharp turns of real sidewinder rattlesnakes. By analyzing the snakes' complex motion, they discovered how to change the phase and amplitude of two wave motions to achieve exceptional maneuverability.
Research reveals spinal cord neurons in the dorsal horn use glycine to inhibit pain signals, while also controlling various forms of itch. The discovery offers new insights into the Gate Control Theory and potential therapeutic targets for pain management.
Physicists remotely control magnetic molecules spinning like tops using circularly polarised magnetic field changes. Theoretical findings by Iosif Davidovich Tokman and Vera Il'nichna Pozdnyakova may lead to designing rotating magnetic molecule rotors for powering molecular motors.
A study by Dae Hee Kwak found that flipping a coin yields better results than carefully selecting March Madness brackets. The researcher's informal bracket alongside his study showed average scores better than the average of study participants.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have developed a driver model that can predict steering movements up to 95% accurately. This breakthrough may lead to safer car systems, including anti-skid and fatigue detection systems.
A UT Dallas professor applied robot control theory to create powered prosthetics that can dynamically respond to the wearer's environment, enabling amputees to walk at speeds of over 1 meter per second. The new approach simplifies the human gait cycle into a single variable, allowing for more stable and natural movement.
Researchers aimed to control harmful signals in strokes by understanding neural excitation pulses. The study found that non-local couplings can produce various spatio-temporal patterns, including acceleration, deceleration, and suppression of pulses.
Researchers found that individuals can control cooperative behavior in large groups by acting generously or punishing egoistic behavior. However, the effectiveness of these strategies decreases with an increasing number of players.
The study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, uses control theory to analyze heart rate data from athletes and found that a healthy heart must maintain certain patterns of variability during exercise to keep the body in balance. This variability is essential for maintaining homeostasis and preventing fati...
A new national model for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in Great Britain highlights the need for improved testing, vaccination of cattle, and culling infected farms as effective strategies. The majority of herd outbreaks are caused by multiple transmission routes, including failed tests, cattle movement, and environmental reservoirs.
Researchers enrolled 120 MS patients and 60 healthy controls, finding no significant difference in diagnosed chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency between groups. The study's findings dispute the theory linking CSVI to MS due to methodological concerns and questionable diagnosis criteria.
The recipient of the grant proposes a new way to view and study human walking, attaching sensors to mathematically meaningful locations on prostheses and orthotics. This approach aims to create off-the-shelf robotic limbs that allow users to easily control and adjust their devices.
Researchers propose a new method for robots to capture malfunctioning satellites in space. By mimicking the way animals track and capture prey, the team developed a bio-inspired solution that reduces damage and minimizes disruption to the spacecraft. This technology aims to revolutionize space maintenance and rescue operations.
A new MIT study finds that even moderate mobility restrictions can decrease infection rates by up to 50% in highly interconnected areas. The researchers used data from the US census to simulate the flow of contagion and developed a quantitative measure called the price of anarchy.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a theoretical framework to control dendrite growth in lithium-ion batteries, which can cause internal shorts and fires. The new approach could lead to faster charging times and improved safety.
A study at the University of Chicago shows that birds' brains coordinate physical actions and brain activity to produce complex movements, similar to how humans govern skilled performance. The research may lead to new ways of understanding human speech production and other complex movements.
Researchers are using engineering control theory to create complex brain models that can simulate neurological diseases. By simplifying these models and fusing them with real system measurements, they aim to develop more accurate treatments for conditions such as epilepsy and Parkinson's disease.
Researchers from Harvard Medical School found that integrated care provided by managed care plans reduces resource use, potentially leading to overall savings. Risk-adjustment reforms have mitigated favorable selection, reducing the tendency of health plans to attract healthier patients.
Researchers at the University of Illinois's Beckman Institute used periodic visual stimuli and EEG recordings to demonstrate that the brain's natural oscillations can be precisely timed to future repetitions of an event. This entrainment leads to a heightened visual awareness of the next event, improving processing in critical environm...
Scientists generate attosecond bursts of extreme ultraviolet light, allowing them to measure electron dynamics in real-time. This breakthrough could lead to new technologies, including more efficient solar cells and better drugs.
Researchers found that a key brain structure acts as a learning hub, receiving information from other regions to improve its song, even when not directly controlling the action. This finding may help treat neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease.
New research reveals quantum mechanical tunneling as a driving force for chemical reactions, changing how scientists understand and devise reactions. The discovery has potential applications in materials science, biochemistry, and more.
A new computational model analyzes any type of complex network, revealing critical points for controlling the entire system. Researchers found sparse networks require more nodes to control, while dense networks need fewer. The algorithm offers potential applications in reprogramming adult cells and identifying new drug targets.
New research from Psychological Science shows that attentional task sets modulate subliminal semantic and visuomotor processes differently. High-capacity individuals recover more quickly from distractions than low-capacity individuals.
Researchers at EPFL developed a brain-computer interface that learns to recognize users' mental intentions, allowing for multitasking and reducing fatigue. The system uses statistical analysis and probability theory to distinguish between commands and enable users to control devices over longer periods.
The DFG will establish 11 new Collaborative Research Centres, receiving €94.4m for four-year projects on astrophysics, immune systems, and data analysis. New CRCs focus on efficient lift systems, self-organisation in physics & biology.
Researchers developed a special sequence of high-precision electromagnetic pulses to protect the arbitrary quantum state of a single spin. This breakthrough enables the use of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond as highly sensitive nanoscale magnetic sensors and potentially, qubits for larger-scale quantum information processing.