Articles tagged with Digital Data
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The Preserving Virtual Worlds project aims to develop standards for preserving digital games and interactive fiction like Second Life. The project will explore methods, infrastructure, and technology for preserving complex software, content, and interactivity in computer games and electronic literature.
A new study reveals that Antarctic icebergs are hotspots of ocean life, supporting thriving communities of seabirds above and a web of phytoplankton, krill, and fish below. The researchers found that the icebergs produce a halo effect with increased phytoplankton, krill, and seabirds out to a radius of more than two miles around them.
Victor Lawrence, a pioneer in digital signal processing concepts, has been awarded the IEEE Simon Ramo Medal. His work on voiceband modems, digital subscriber line technology, and broadband transmission paved the way for worldwide Internet access and high-speed data communication.
Researchers at MIT have developed new analog circuits that eliminate operational amplifiers while maintaining benefits, leading to greater power efficiency. The new comparator-based switched capacitor (CBSC) circuits offer a promising solution for high-performance analog circuits in emerging technologies.
The study found that 43% of Internet users feel strongly about their virtual communities compared to their real-world ones. Online communities lead to offline actions and social activism, with a significant majority logging in daily.
A nationwide neighbourhood classification system has been developed using Experian data warehouse and public sources. The system allows users to tap in their postcodes to find out about the likely use of ICTs in their neighbourhoods or those of their friends. Members can also email comments and suggestions.
A new study by Northwestern Memorial Hospital reveals digital mammography reduces technologists' acquisition time by 35% and increases physician interpretation time by 57%, sparking discussions on balancing financial goals with patient care.
Ames Laboratory researchers have created an AI-powered system that can detect secret files hidden in digital images using steganalysis. The system, utilizing artificial neural networks (ANNs), has been trained on a database of over 10,000 images and achieved high accuracy rates.
Emmanuel Candes, a Caltech professor, has been awarded the $500,000 Waterman Award for his groundbreaking work in harmonic analysis and signal processing. His research aims to improve signal processing and analyze complex waves, with potential applications in medical imaging and everyday technologies.
Researchers are creating a high-resolution, 3D online catalog of fishes using MRI technology, allowing for the digital dissection of preserved specimens. The Digital Fish Library project will image at least one fish family per 482 families worldwide, promoting biodiversity research and education.
Researchers create patterned magnetic films using Permalloy and cobalt, with dots measuring 100 nanometers in size. The team uses a state-of-the-art TEM to map the magnetic properties of each dot, enabling precise control over spin orientation and switching mechanism.
Recent Himalayan earthquakes may be followed by larger events in the same region, while medieval earthquakes were much larger and less frequent. The study aims to understand what governs the recurrence interval and size of these rare events.
A new technology called tomosynthesis has been shown to decrease false-positive screening mammography findings by half, allowing for more accurate detection of early breast cancers. In a study of 98 women, tomosynthesis was found to be as good as or better than diagnostic mammography in 88% of cases.
The future of medicine is shifting towards personal digital assistants (PDAs) that merge functionality into one device. Dr. Daniel C. Baumgart argues that PDAs can change the way healthcare is delivered by integrating information exchange, making it more versatile, customizable, and portable.
The University of California, San Diego and Keio University successfully streamed nearly six hours of 4K content in real-time via 1 Gbps IP networks from Tokyo to San Diego. The demonstration showcased the feasibility of networked distribution of high-quality digital media over long distances.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed innovative authentication mechanisms for handheld devices, including proximity beacons and mobile device authentication. These mechanisms use location-based authentication to secure sensitive information on these devices.
The RIT study found that museum imaging was output-driven and subjective, with a lack of standardized protocols. Key findings include the need for objective evaluation methods, improved color management, and more efficient workflows to enhance digital preservation.
A recent study by ECRI found that digital mammography does not significantly improve breast cancer detection rates compared to traditional X-ray imaging. While the new technology may offer some incremental benefits, such as reduced radiation exposure, its cost-effectiveness and diagnostic accuracy need further evaluation.
The Common Message Authentication Code (CMAC) is a new authentication mechanism that uses block ciphers to verify the integrity of digital data. Developed by Japanese scientists Tetsu Iwata and Kaoru Kurosawa, CMAC is part of NIST's ongoing effort to update block cipher-based algorithms.
The U.S. National Science Foundation and NEH have launched an effort to document dying languages worldwide using modern cyberinfrastructure tools. Over $40 million in funding supports various research projects, including language documentation, archival digitization, and fellowship awards.
The UK NHS telemedicine initiative has failed to deliver promised benefits, with integration issues and inadequate patient consultation hindering its success. New portable telecare systems for monitoring chronic illnesses are being developed but face similar challenges.
The NIST guide provides practical techniques for extracting digital data without altering information or making it appear altered. It covers topics such as securing digital evidence, hardware/software operating systems, physical access, and retrieving configuration information.
A study at Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital found that PACS implementation led to a 39% increase in work-related relative value units (WRVU) per radiologist, indicating improved productivity. Staffing remained the same despite increased patient volume, suggesting efficient use of PACS can handle growth without adding staff.
Researchers at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) offer guidelines for preserving CDs and DVDs. Handling discs with care and storing them in a cool, dark environment can help extend their lifespan. A quick reference guide to the research group's findings is available on NIST's website.
The new 'camera pill' technology has shown significant potential for diagnosing small bowel disease, particularly in conjunction with computed tomography. It can detect more abnormalities than standard imaging techniques and provide detailed images of the entire small intestine.
The new tool reduces errors in assessing projection systems by filtering out stray light. It's a simple, low-cost device that aids engineers in evaluating the performance of digital projectors.
The University Hospitals of Cleveland is using GE's RapidScreen Digital to improve lung cancer detection rates. The CAD system analyzes digital x-ray data and draws circles around suspicious regions, focusing radiologists on potential abnormalities.
Researchers at Princeton University have developed a new memory device that stores digital information permanently in a plastic polymer coating. The device combines an inexpensive and easy-to-produce material with thin-film silicon electronics, enabling fast and efficient data storage.
A new grant from NSF's ITR Program will support the development of an integrated system, AMADEUS, which uses IT for real-time data gathering and computational modeling. This can lead to safer, more efficient, and economical underground construction methods.
Scientists found that galaxies and extremely massive black holes seem to grow together, with rapidly growing black holes fueling faster galaxy growth. This discovery sheds light on an astrophysical mystery and reveals a crucial link between the two cosmic phenomena.
Researchers Jody O'Sullivan and Pierre Moulin have developed a theory that sets fundamental limits on the amount of information that can be reliably hidden in various data types. This breakthrough has significant implications for security applications, including detecting forgery and intercepting terrorist messages.
SpeechGear's Compadre language translation technology offers simultaneous two-way translation of spoken language, generating written records and handling nuances of language translation. The system connects to a remote server for massive computing power, enabling seamless verbal communication with individuals speaking different languages.
A study of two Georgia cities reveals that basic IT literacy has only marginal success in helping underserved groups access economic opportunities. Most disadvantaged social groups face difficulties sustaining their use of technology beyond initial classroom training, leading to frustration and limited benefits.
A study by Lynette Kvasny and Eileen Trauth finds that technology skills alone do not bridge the digital divide for underrepresented groups. Social and cultural barriers, including institutionalized biases, limit access to IT careers.
The Automatic Linguistic Indexing of Pictures (ALIP) system uses a pictorial dictionary to associate images with keywords, allowing for more accurate image annotation and search. The system has demonstrated great potential for use in biomedicine, digital libraries, and other fields.
Researchers have developed a new technique for embedding data in images without causing distortion. Authorized recipients can extract the embedded message while recovering the original image intact. This technology has significant applications in authenticating images, detecting changes, and encoding information about the image itself.
Researchers have developed a new database security system that enables anyone with a computer connected to the Internet to provide database services. The system uses digital signatures and proofs to guarantee the authenticity of data entries, making it difficult to forge or falsify information.
A $26.5 million grant has funded a massive study comparing digital and film mammography to determine its effectiveness in breast cancer diagnosis. The Digital Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial will involve almost 50,000 women and provide valuable insights into the technology's ability to detect early breast cancers.
Marine scientists at UNC-CH and Duke University have launched a ferry-based water quality monitoring system in the Neuse River, generating valuable data for analysis. The system, called FerryMon, aims to evaluate and model how Pamlico Sound's ecosystem responds to human and natural impacts.
The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) will create a searchable database of species, facilitating the digitization and sharing of biodiversity data. This initiative addresses the lack of accessibility to biodiversity information in developing countries and aims to support scientific research and conservation efforts.
The Grid Physics Network initiative will create a virtual data system, allowing scientists to access and manipulate massive amounts of data from various institutions. The project has the potential to boost computing power and storage capacity, benefiting fields such as genomics and business applications.
The hospital's new digital mammography system offers improved diagnostic evaluations and quicker image acquisition, reducing patient anxiety and inconvenience. Researchers will collaborate with GE Medical Systems to develop computer-aided detection software programs for better patient evaluations.
A team of researchers found that radiologists prefer different images for evaluating various breast tissue abnormalities, requiring new computer programs for optimal results. The technology holds great promise in finding breast cancer earlier, but optimizing images for different tasks is crucial.
Compressing coronary angiograms for delivery over telephone or computer lines can lead to diagnostic errors, according to researchers. Image quality is progressively lost with increasing compression, making it difficult for clinicians to detect subtle diagnostic features.
Researchers at Penn School of Medicine have developed a prototype of an integrated database that can instantly retrieve and store digital breast images from mammography facilities across the country. The project aims to improve detecting and diagnosing women with breast cancer in a more controlled and cost-effective manner.
A partnership between conservation organizations and universities uses remote sensing technology to assess gorilla habitat, track population, and manage National Parks. The project aims to rebuild Rwanda's national university and recover from a devastating war and genocide.
Astronomer Alberto Conti and colleagues have developed a new technique to analyze massive galaxy data using computer analysis. By combining theoretical analysis with statistical techniques, they aim to uncover the most important attributes of galaxies that can be observed.
NASA scientists presented new findings on ozonesonde data, glaciers, Mars impact features, Landsat-7 mission performance, tropical landscapes, and more. The results include insights into ozone layer changes, ice stream movements, and buried impact basins on Mars.
The Landsat 7 spacecraft has acquired over 50,000 scenes of the Earth's surface, providing detailed images of natural disasters, unique weather patterns, and glacial changes. The satellite's data will support global change research and inform decision-making about environmental issues.
SPARC's Scientific Communities Initiative has awarded grants worth half a million dollars to Columbia University Press's Columbia Earthscape, the California Digital Library's eScholarship, and MIT's CogNet. The grants aim to stimulate and accelerate digital science publishing ventures based in academia.
The Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD) is expanding internationally, with UNESCO joining and collaborations with the NSF, DFG, and ISTEC. These partnerships aim to overcome language and policy challenges, enabling easier sharing of electronic theses and dissertations across countries.
Scientists are working on developing new technologies to store, access, and search large volumes of data. The team aims to improve data management for next-generation science projects like the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, which will produce 40 terabytes of data.
Researchers at Penn State have developed a new mobile data access system (MDAS) that enables efficient access to diverse data sources through both wired and wireless connections. The system uses multidatabases to provide integrated access to multiple databases with a single query, reducing traffic jams caused by simultaneous queries.
The use of computers has transformed the field of chemistry, enabling researchers to automate large-scale testing of compounds and speed up drug discovery. Electronic lab notebooks are also being adopted to share information and streamline the process.
The Modular-MPC 1/16 system by Aspex Microsystems Ltd. offers high-speed 3D data visualization with 10 frames-per-second performance for 16 million data elements. It achieves over 25 billion operations per second and is suitable for complex applications like computational fluid dynamics.
The National Geodata Forum will focus on using geospatial data to create livable communities. The event brings together over 400 stakeholders to discuss how to make information and power flow from the bottom up.
The Hobby-Eberly Telescope has successfully observed a distant quasar candidate, confirming its status and providing insight into the universe's early evolution. The instrument will also enable detailed study of objects in and near the Milky Way with the addition of two new facility-class spectrographs.
Leaders from national parks, forests, and local communities visited the Idaho National Laboratory to share resources and expertise. The visit aimed to coordinate decisions and manage data between agencies, with a focus on regional transportation, infrastructure, and natural resource management.
Kodak and Intel are teaming up to produce a device that lets normal stills cameras take digital pictures. The new technology uses microchips that can be built into film cameras, allowing images to be transferred to CD-ROM for permanent storage.
The Geographic Information System Interactive Map Server allows users to view maps of major geographic features, including location of earthquake faults and technical data. The site draws on databases created at Cornell over the past six years, making geological data accessible to researchers and educators worldwide.