Articles tagged with Cancer Medication
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Researchers at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center found that only nine of 70 Phase II studies clearly defined measures to judge experimental drug effectiveness. This limits the accuracy of testing new treatments for cancer patients.
A team of Boston scientists has discovered that FoxOs are critical in preventing some cancers, maintaining blood vessel stability, and keeping blood-forming stem cells healthy. The researchers found that mice lacking FoxO genes had serious blood abnormalities, including rapid division and depletion of stem cells.
Researchers at MIT have shown that re-activating the tumor suppressor gene p53 can cause tumors to shrink or disappear in mice. The study offers critical genetic evidence that continuous repression of p53 is required for a tumor to survive.
The International Harmonization Project has developed new guidelines for assessing lymphoma treatment, providing uniform criteria for clinical trials and interpreting response to treatment. The revised guidelines incorporate PET scans and immunohistochemistry, allowing for more accurate assessment of tumor viability.
Researchers found that radiation therapy after lumpectomy and tamoxifen treatment significantly reduced the risk of cancer recurrence and new tumors in older women with early breast cancer. The study's findings support providing high-quality care to all patients, regardless of age.
A recent study found that nearly a quarter of women treated with tamoxifen for breast cancer stop taking the medication within one year, leading to concerns about treatment efficacy. The study also revealed that over one-third of women have ceased tamoxifen treatment after three and a half years.
A new test developed by Dana-Farber Cancer Institute scientists identifies malignant blood cells that are highly vulnerable to an experimental cancer drug. The drug works by neutralizing the Bcl-2 action, unleashing molecules that trigger suicide in the cancer cells.
A Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center team discovered that a combination of lovastatin and cyclopamine killed 63% of medulloblastoma cells, compared to fewer than 20% with either drug alone. The duo blocks cell-signaling proteins, leading to cancer cell death through apoptosis.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a novel way to deliver drugs directly into cancer cells using buckyball nanoparticles as passkeys. The technique, which mimics viral proteins, shows promise in penetrating the defenses of liver and neuroblastoma cancer cells, two types often difficult to treat.
AZD2171, a new angiogenesis inhibitor, has shown significant promise in treating glioblastomas by reducing tumor size and alleviating debilitating brain swelling. The treatment also appears to normalize blood vessels, creating a window of opportunity for other therapies to be more effective.
A randomized trial found that increasing chemotherapy dose intensity did not improve survival rates in patients with osteosarcoma. However, the dose-intensive regimen showed better tumor cell death and lower risks of certain side effects. The study challenges the use of histologic response as a key predictor factor for treatment outcomes.
Researchers at the University of Alberta discovered that dichloroacetate (DCA) can normalize mitochondrial function in various cancers, leading to a significant decrease in tumor growth. DCA's unique mechanism may allow it to selectively target cancer cells while sparing normal tissues.
Researchers at Queen's University have discovered a new peptide molecule that significantly enhances the effectiveness of current treatment for advanced breast cancer. The molecule, called ANK, blocks resistance to cancer drugs and has shown a 3.5-fold increase in anti-cancer drug efficacy.
Scientists at ProXara Biotechnology Limited have identified a way to prevent tumour cells from growing by switching off key enzyme PKB. The research, funded by the Wellcome Trust Seeding Drug Discovery initiative, aims to develop a drug that can be used in clinical trials for lung cancer treatment.
Researchers found that a drug blocking nitric oxide synthesis significantly reduced tumor blood volume in patients, providing early clinical evidence of its anti-vascular activity. The study's results suggest potential for the use of this agent as a novel vascular targeting agent in cancer treatment.
Researchers found that a common diabetes drug prevents memory and learning problems caused by whole-brain radiation treatments in animal studies. The study suggests the drug may improve the quality of life for cancer patients receiving radiation therapy.
Researchers found that the p53 gene's ability to direct a damaged cell to stop growing or commit suicide depends on turning on separate groups of target genes. Alterations in an amino acid, lysine 120, can influence this decision, potentially leading to new strategies in chemotherapy drug development.
The supplement examines the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in cancer diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring. It provides guidelines and algorithms for the use of PET/CT in evaluating and managing head and neck cancer and thyroid cancer.
A new study estimates the patient time costs associated with cancer care, finding that hospitalizations were the largest component of patient time costs in both initial year after diagnosis and last year of life. The estimated net patient time costs ranged from $271 for melanoma to $7,799 for gastric cancer.
Neural stem cells can be engineered to deliver anti-cancer drugs to metastatic cancer cells, potentially treating disseminated cancer. Researchers successfully eradicated metastases in a mouse model of neuroblastoma using this approach.
Researchers demonstrate that a combination of epigenetic drugs can reactivate the expression of over 1,000 genes in primary tumours of breast cancer patients. These reactivated genes play crucial roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and immune recognition, suggesting increased anti-tumour effects.
Researchers found that tamoxifen resistance can be fully restored by using a compound called disulfide benzamide, or DIBA, which restores the estrogen receptor to its vulnerable state again. The study, conducted in cell cultures and mice, offers a promising approach for overcoming breast cancer drug resistance.
Researchers found that breast cancer stem cells are relatively resistant to radiotherapy and can even increase in number after multiple treatments. In contrast, statin use is associated with a decreased risk of advanced prostate cancer, according to a large prospective study.
A study at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center found that combining cromolyn with chemotherapy reduced pancreatic tumor growth by 85% compared to control animals. The combination also increased the effectiveness of standard chemotherapy.
The MIT implant, containing iron oxide-coated nanoparticles, can detect metabolites associated with tumor growth and track chemotherapy drug effects. It provides a rapid measure of treatment efficacy, helping doctors determine whether a treatment is working in a particular patient.
Researchers found that nearly 20% of women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer had inconsistent access to anastrozole prescriptions due to non-adherence. The study highlights the complex issues surrounding treatment adherence in cancer patients.
Women with high levels of NAC-1 protein in their ovarian cancer tissue are at increased risk of rapid and fatal recurrence. Researchers suggest testing for NAC-1 may identify patients most at risk for recurrence, guiding doctors and patients to greater vigilance and extended therapy.
Researchers have identified a new key step in how the Polo kinase enzyme functions, confirming its potential as a target for anti-cancer drug development. The study sheds light on how the enzyme helps cells divide and multiply in an uncontrolled manner to form tumors.
A clinical trial combining bortezomib with Doxil has shown promising results in treating relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, a type of bone marrow cancer. The combination treatment demonstrated a better response rate compared to standard therapy alone, with a median time to progression of 9.3 months.
A Phase I clinical trial found that combining bortezomib and lenalidomide showed durable responses in patients with resistant multiple myeloma. The combination therapy was well-tolerated, with only mild side effects.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine discover that sildenafil and other erectile dysfunction drugs can unmask cancer cells, allowing the immune system to recognize and attack them. The study found that these drugs reduce tumor size in mice with colon and breast tumors by increasing nitric oxide levels.
Researchers discovered a new biomarker that predicts which tumors will resist anti-estrogen therapy, potentially improving treatment outcomes for breast cancer patients. The study found that disrupted retinoblastoma tumor suppressor pathway can lead to resistance to these therapies.
A low-protein diet has been shown to have a greater protective effect against cancer than endurance exercise, independently of body fat mass. The study involved three groups of people and found significantly lower blood levels of plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the low-protein diet group.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University found that common blood pressure medications can reduce tumor-feeding blood vessels in laboratory studies. High levels of angiotensin II have been linked to poor cancer prognosis and early recurrence, making these drugs a potential treatment option for pancreatic cancer.
A five-year study has shown that Gleevec's potency against chronic myeloid leukemia, with only 5% of patients dying from the disease during the study period. The drug produced few significant side effects, particularly after the initial two years of treatment.
A five-year study published in the New England Journal of Medicine shows that Gleevec has a nearly 90% overall survival rate for patients with CML, significantly improving patient outcomes compared to previous estimates of five years.
A specific gene mutation disables the ABCG2 protein, preventing it from disposing of certain cancer drugs, leading to high levels of the drug in cells and blood, causing side effects. Clinicians can identify patients at risk by looking for this mutation, offering a way to modify treatment and reduce side effects.
Researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center found that common chemotherapy drugs can be toxic to healthy brain cells, causing long-term damage and cognitive impairment. The study suggests that these drugs can disrupt neurogenesis and destroy oligodendrocytes, leading to significant neurological consequences.
A study published in the Journal of Biology found that chemotherapy drugs can cause long-term damage to brain cells, killing neural stem cells and oligodendrocytes, and impairing neural stem cell division. This may explain the adverse neurological side effects observed in some cancer patients treated with chemotherapy.
Researchers are investigating the potential of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to prevent various types of cancer, including colon, esophageal, and lung cancers. The studies focus on the preventive effects of sulindac, atorvastatin, and RaftiloseSynergy1 on cancer development.
Thomas Jefferson University researchers have found a connection between an aging gene and the prevention of prostate cancer cell growth. The study reveals that SIRT1, a sirtuin enzyme, can block cancer growth by inhibiting the activity of mutated androgen receptors, which are resistant to current therapies.
Genetically-modified bacteria Clostridium novyi-NT have shown promise in treating cancer by selectively killing tumor cells while sparing normal cells. The combination of bacterial therapy and chemotherapy has demonstrated significant tumor-killing effects, with over two-thirds of mice cured permanently.
Researchers developed a nanoparticle delivery system that targets brain tumors, allowing for higher doses of drugs to be delivered while minimizing harm to healthy tissue. The technology has the potential to improve treatment outcomes and eliminate common side effects associated with photodynamic therapy.
Researchers found that sorafenib can prevent pulmonary hypertension development in rodents by inhibiting abnormal cellular growth and new blood vessel formation. The study suggests a potential therapeutic option for this cardiovascular disease.
The University of Chicago Medical Center will focus on metastasis with a $20 million donation from the Virginia & D.K. Ludwig Fund for Cancer Research. Researchers aim to unravel what makes cancer susceptible to metastasis and develop new treatments.
Enbrel, a biologic treatment, demonstrates sustained improvements in rheumatoid arthritis symptoms over up to nine years. Patients showed significant reductions in joint pain, stiffness, and disability.
Patients with ankylosing spondylitis who received Enbrel treatment experienced sustained improvements in signs and symptoms, spinal mobility, and physical function over 148-160 weeks. A total of 78% of patients achieved a 20% improvement in the Assessment on Ankylosing Spondylitis Response Criteria (ASAS) after 160 weeks.
Researchers propose a new model for targeted cancer therapy, suggesting that disruption of cell signaling pathways leads to cell death. This could lead to more effective treatment strategies and personalized cancer treatment.
ABT-737, a BH3 mimetic, targets Bcl-2 proteins to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. The treatment has shown effectiveness against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and can be combined with MCL-1 inhibitors for improved results.
Researchers have found that a new anti-cancer drug, BB-10901, is well-tolerated at higher doses than previously used, with patients responding to treatment and experiencing durable complete responses. The drug targets cancer cells expressing CD56, leading to clinical activity and stable disease in some patients.
Researchers found that combining imantanib with apoptosis-inducing drugs inhibits tumor growth more effectively than either therapy alone. The combination increased sensitivity to TRAIL, a drug that induces cell death, leading to reduced pulmonary metastases and primary tumor growth.
A MEK enzyme inhibitor has shown long-lasting stable disease in patients with advanced solid cancers, inhibiting key targets and reducing cell proliferation. Phase II trials have been initiated for melanoma, pancreatic, lung, and colon cancers.
Inhibiting cyclin D1, a gene present in excessive amounts in half of breast cancers, improves cell-killing effects of radiation. Flavopiridol was found to add to ionizing radiation's effects without toxicity, using zebrafish models.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have found a nanoparticle that can protect normal tissue from radiation damage as effectively as standard drugs. The nanoparticle, called DF-1, acts like an oxygen sink, binding to dangerous oxygen radicals and reducing their production.
A new anti-cancer drug has shown promise for halting the progression of advanced solid tumors by blocking aurora proteins. In a phase I clinical trial, seven patients experienced disease stabilization, with four remaining stable for over seven months.
Researchers developed a novel method to produce small chemicals from symbiotic bacteria found in sea squirts, which have anticancer properties. The ability to manipulate these chemicals using genetic pathways opens possibilities for developing new cancer and HIV treatments.
Researchers are evaluating the use of Aricept to prevent cognitive decline and memory problems in pediatric brain cancer survivors who have received cranial radiation. The study, which will enroll 35 patients ages 8-17, aims to assess whether the drug can help maintain baseline cognitive abilities and social relationships.
Researchers are using bacteria to manufacture a library of potential anti-cancer drugs, including analogues of streptorubin B, which could be more powerful than current synthetic options. The approach combines biology and organic synthesis to create complex structures.
Researchers found that a man's PSA velocity, or rate of increase in PSA levels, can accurately predict tumor aggression and danger. Men with lower PSA velocity have a 92% chance of not dying from prostate cancer within 25 years.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have identified a gene, uPAR, responsible for metastases in early-stage breast cancer and poor prognosis. The study suggests that targeting the uPAR gene could be an effective strategy to stop or slow disease progression.