Articles tagged with Cancer Medication
Research from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine discovered that preventing T-cell exhaustion with targeted therapies enhances immunotherapy outcomes. Activating a protein called 41BB on the surface of T-cells improves energy reserves and prolongs their ability to attack cancer cells.
Researchers found that multiple small differences, rather than a single factor, explain the large variation in how people respond to drugs. The study used systems biology and metabolomics techniques to analyze protein and metabolite concentrations in cell culture experiments.
Biochemists have made a discovery that sheds light on the molecular machinery that allows some cells to wiggle their way through tissues. The researchers identified two locations on Arp2/3 where an activator protein touches, promoting cell motility and potentially leading to new opportunities for cancer treatment.
Researchers at Purdue University have created a lifelike cancer environment using polymer to better understand how drugs can stop its course. The 3D jet writer device produces polymer microtissues with pore sizes large enough for cells to enter, enabling the simulation of metastasis in mice.
The American Academy of Otolaryngology has released an updated guideline for treating hoarseness, recommending earlier evaluation by an otolaryngologist and discouraging the use of unnecessary medications. The guidelines aim to reduce variation in care and improve patient outcomes.
A new blood test detects circulating tumour DNA to predict if the breast cancer drug palbociclib is working, allowing for earlier treatment adjustments. The test was found to be effective in identifying patients who are not responding well to the treatment.
Researchers at USC Michelson Center successfully utilize a new metal detection technique for studying cancer cells. By imaging metal-tagged antibodies on biopsies from a patient with metastatic prostate cancer, scientists can identify and characterize cancer cells in a blood sample after it is placed on a slide.
Researchers at NIH have cured mice with Chuvash polycythemia, a life-threatening disorder that involves overproduction of red blood cells. The study suggests that Tempol or a similar drug may treat polycythemias in humans, such as mountain sickness.
In three clinical trials, larotrectinib demonstrated a 75% overall response rate in patients with TRK fusion genes, with 86% continuing treatment or undergoing curative surgery. This study marks a new paradigm in cancer drug development, defining cancers by molecular changes rather than site of occurrence.
A phase I clinical trial has shown some promise for an investigational compound designed to block a hyperactive cell growth signal in advanced melanoma and other cancers. Three patients experienced partial responses to the treatment, similar to response rates seen with other treatments such as MEK inhibitors.
The researchers developed a new class of bifunctional immunotherapeutic agents called Y-traps, which can target and disable multiple immune suppressive molecules. These Y-traps were found to be effective in inhibiting tumor growth and activating antitumor immunity, even against cancers that do not respond to existing immunotherapies.
A team at UC Riverside discovered a way to deliver chemotherapy drug paclitaxel to targeted cancer cells via molecular Trojan horse 123B9, which targets EphA2 oncogene. This approach reduced circulating cancer cells and metastasis in animal models.
The studies reported an overall response rate of 75 percent for patients ages four months to 76 years with 17 different cancer diagnoses. Larotrectinib had rapid, potent, and durable anti-tumor activity in children and adults with solid tumors and TRK fusions.
A phase 1/2 trial of larotrectinib found that three-quarters of patients with advanced cancers responded to the treatment, which targets a specific genetic mutation. The therapy has shown promise in treating pediatric patients with TRK-positive cancer, including infantile fibrosarcoma, and offers a potential cure for some cases.
A new drug, larotrectinib, has been shown to be effective in treating cancers with specific genetic mutations. The study found that 75% of patients with TRK fusion-positive cancers responded to the treatment, with 13% achieving a complete response.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute developed a quick method to modify dozens of drugs or molecules, improving disease-fighting properties. The approach, called click chemistry, was found to increase the potency of three cancer drugs under lab conditions.
A study found that patients with advanced cancer were less capable of making treatment decisions than healthy adults, but doctors often overestimated their competence. The research suggests a shift in patient-doctor relationships, emphasizing the importance of respecting patient autonomy while ensuring decision-making capacity.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that pediatric phase I cancer trials have improved outcomes for approximately 1 in 10 children, with a fatal drug-related complication rate of 2.09%. The study's results suggest refining risk/benefit assessments for these trials.
A study of nearly 800 postmenopausal women found that four commonly used prognostic breast cancer tests have varying abilities to predict disease recurrence. The tests, including Oncotype Dx and Prosigna Risk of Recurrence Score, were compared for their accuracy in predicting whether the cancer will return after five years.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden have identified three molecules that effectively treat over 60 types of cancer cells without harming normal cells. These molecules target the TrxR1 enzyme, which supports cancer cell growth and protects them from oxidative stress.
Researchers at WashU Medicine developed a new approach to combat cervical cancer by targeting the tumor's fuel supply. A combination of radiation and three drugs that cut off glucose metabolism effectively shuts down tumor metabolism, making it vulnerable to treatment.
In a Penn-led trial, cabozantinib significantly shrunk tumors in 34 out of 35 patients with metastatic, radioactive iodine-resistant thyroid cancer. The median time on the study was 35 weeks, and 54% of patients achieved a partial response.
Jean-Charles Soria, a leading cancer researcher, has been awarded the TAT 2018 Honorary Award for his groundbreaking contributions to cancer drug development. His work has led to increased response rates and successful drug approvals, including osimertinib for lung cancer.
The study identified specific 'metastatic variant enhancer loci' that drive cancer cell metastasis, and showed that inhibiting these enhancers can halt the spread of tumor cells. Blocking expression of individual genes regulated by these enhancers also diminished metastatic capacity.
Researchers developed a novel approach to studying cancer, grouping 32 types of cancer into 10 classes based on molecular pathways. This understanding can lead to new diagnosis and treatment methods, including identifying neuroendocrine tumors that may be missed with current markers.
A recent neutron analysis of glaucoma drugs and their interaction with human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) enzyme revealed the impact of temperature, pH, and electrical charge on drug targeting. The study provides new information about hydrogen-bonding networks in hCA II, which may aid in designing more effective cancer treatments.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have discovered that a widely-studied cancer gene called MELK does not play a crucial role in cancer cell growth. The team's findings suggest that inherent flaws in scientific techniques used to link MELK to cancer led to the error.
Combining a blood test for high alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels with ultrasound imaging improves liver cancer detection by 40 percent, according to researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center. Early detection is crucial for improving survival rates in patients with liver cancer, which is on the rise in the US.
A multidisciplinary team of Penn researchers will investigate immune system response to cancers and develop new therapies for gynecologic cancers. The team will examine how patients vary in their responses to different anti-cancer therapies and identify key factors contributing to treatment success.
A phase 3 clinical trial showed apalutamide treatment significantly delayed metastasis development in men with prostate cancer resistant to standard therapy. The treatment also improved survival and reduced disease progression symptoms.
Researchers at UPMC Hillman Cancer Center have identified a new genetic change in the estrogen receptor that contributes to therapy resistance in ER-positive breast cancer. The presence of ESR1 fusion proteins in treatment-resistant breast cancer may lead to improved treatments for this form of the disease.
A global study found that treating multiple chronic diseases is putting a significant financial burden on countries' health systems and individuals. Patients with multimorbidity often face high out-of-pocket costs, leading to non-adherence to prescribed medicines.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine have found that individual BET bromodomain proteins work independently, reducing the effectiveness of pan-BET inhibitors. This discovery paves the way for more fine-tuned experiments and treatments in breast cancer patients with varying levels of protein expression.
Researchers at Hong Kong Baptist University have designed and synthesized a smart globular macromolecular machine vehicle for actively controlled cancer drug delivery, enhancing the efficacy of targeted therapy drugs. The breakthrough offers insights into targeted therapies such as Chlorambucil in leukemia treatment.
Researchers have developed a new method to grow patient-derived xenografts (PDX) liver cancer cells in culture, which maintains their proper shape and function and grows as organoids. The success of the engineered organoids has the potential to revolutionize the screening and development of liver cancer drugs.
A team of computer scientists has developed a new system to rapidly determine which cancer drugs are likely to work best given a patient's genetic markers. eGARD, the first publicly available system of its kind, can match genetic signatures with outcomes with 95 percent precision.
Researchers at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center identified a new target to reduce the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in stem cell transplants. The JAK2 inhibitor pacritinib has been shown to minimize GVHD while maintaining antitumor response.
Researchers have found that the loss of a tumor suppressor in triple-negative breast cancer provides clues for novel treatments. Drugs targeting PLK1, AURK and CHK1 may be effective for 20-30% of patients with RB-deficient tumors.
Researchers at Arizona State University have discovered that ibrutinib can also target ERBB4, a lesser-studied member of the RTK family, potentially thwarting solid tumor growth. The compound limits growth in human cancer cells and reduces tumor size in mice.
A Canadian Medical Association Journal study has found genetic variants associated with diseases and adverse drug reactions in 56 healthy participants. The results suggest that whole genome sequencing can benefit Canada's health care, but also highlight potential pitfalls and the need for careful evaluation.
A new study reveals how basal cell cancer responds to treatment and offers new ideas for controlling this disease. The researchers found that the relative location of a cell within a tumor can have a big effect on its sensitivity to drug treatment.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo developed a blood vessel-on-a-chip technology that recreates a human blood vessel and shows how new capillaries grow from a single vessel. The technology can be used to develop drugs targeting angiogenesis, which is a key process in cancer growth.
Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center used a novel approach to find that the FDA-approved drug clofarabine can shut down Ewing sarcoma cells in lab tests. The study suggests that clofarabine may be effective in treating this rare and aggressive cancer, which primarily affects young people.
Researchers at Osaka University have developed a computational method that reveals chemoresistance drug targets by integrating gene expression level and DNA methylation modification data. The approach identifies TRAF4 as an important gene for chemoresistance in gastrointestinal cancer, including esophageal cancer.
The Data Science Institute at Columbia has awarded grants to five research teams to use data science to solve societal problems in cancer research, medical science, transportation and technology. The teams will work together to transform several fields throughout the university.
A team of scientists from the National University of Singapore has developed a way to wirelessly deliver light into deep regions of the body to activate light-sensitive drugs for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The technology enables PDT to be used on inner organs with fine control, potentially treating a wider range of cancers.
Huntsman Cancer Institute has been selected as a NCI Center for patient-derived model development, utilizing cutting-edge research to test new drugs and drug combinations for breast cancer. The goal is to provide data to prioritize clinical trials and help determine why certain drugs work for some people and others do not.
Researchers have found that PD-1 inhibitors can be effective in treating supratentorial pediatric ependymoma, a type of brain cancer with poor prognosis. The study identified RELA-fusion as a genetic cause and showed that these tumors express high levels of PD-L1, which can be targeted by PD-1 inhibitors.
A recent study presented at the American Stroke Association's International Stroke Conference found that cancer patients with stroke are less likely to receive standard clot-busting medication compared to those without a malignancy. The use of newer procedures to mechanically remove clots, however, shows a similar trend in both groups.
Cancer researchers have identified CDK12 inhibitors as a potential treatment option for Ewing sarcoma, a rare and aggressive childhood cancer. The inhibitors show promise in killing Ewing sarcoma cells and can be combined with PARP inhibitors to increase effectiveness. This breakthrough brings hope to the pediatric oncology field, whic...
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London have successfully modified a common flu virus to target and kill pancreatic cancer cells. The new technique could potentially become a promising new treatment for patients with the aggressive disease.
Researchers have made significant progress in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with the development of molecularly targeted therapies and immunotherapies. These treatments aim to attack tumor cells with mutated genes, but resistance is a common challenge.
A study published in British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology analyzed herbal product interactions with prescription medications. The analysis revealed significant adverse drug reactions, particularly among patients taking warfarin and statins for cardiovascular complications.
A panel of experts has issued new guidelines for molecular diagnostic testing and treatment decisions in lung cancer. The updates reflect recent advancements and decades of work to identify the genetic underpinnings of lung cancer, helping oncologists match patients with effective therapies.
Researchers at Southern Methodist University have discovered three drug-like compounds that successfully reverse chemotherapy failure in three of the most commonly aggressive cancers. The compounds were tested on micro-tumors and showed effectiveness against specific cancers, giving hope for developing new drugs to fight cancer.
The foundation awarded grants to early career scientists with 'high-risk/high-reward' ideas who lack preliminary data, aiming to significantly impact cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. The recipients will use prebiotics to manipulate the microbiota, develop novel degraders for targeted therapies, and investigate tumor T cells...
Scientists have revealed the atomic-level structure of a molecular complex responsible for modifying proteins, which could lead to new medications for cancer and other diseases. The complex, known as OST, plays a key role in protein glycosylation, a process linked to numerous human body functions.
The study provides the first atomic description of the herpes virus associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, allowing scientists to identify specific targets for antiviral therapies. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new treatments for both KSHV and Epstein-Barr viruses.
Researchers have identified a new precision medicine approach for metastatic pancreatic cancer, analyzing tumor RNA to match patients with targeted drugs. The approach has shown clinical responses in three of four patients, targeting 'master regulator proteins' responsible for cancer cell survival.
Scientists from King's College London have discovered a new drug combination that effectively awakens the immune system to attack cancer. The breakthrough involves combining chemotherapy with a drug trialled for neonatal jaundice, which targets an enzyme called Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and promotes tumour growth.