Articles tagged with Avian Influenza
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Researchers developed an intranasal vaccine that elicited strong immune responses and prevented infections in exposed animals, providing protection against upper respiratory infection and severe disease. The nasal vaccine was effective regardless of prior flu exposure, making it a promising tool in the fight against H5N1 bird flu.
Public Health Alerts provide concise, data-driven information on disease outbreaks and urgent health events. The new series, launched by NEJM Evidence and CIDRAP, offers expert-reviewed reports to support public health evidence-based care.
A Finnish study published in Nature Microbiology found that the MF59-adjuvanted A(H5N8) vaccine induced strong immune responses against the vaccine virus and heterologous H5 strains. The majority of participants developed seroprotective antibody levels after two doses, with significant increases in T-cell responses.
Researchers found that avian influenza viruses can thrive in the lower respiratory tract and withstand high temperatures, while human flu viruses replicate at higher temperatures. Fever may not be enough to protect against avian flu viruses, which can cause severe illness.
The FluWarning system uses genetic code analysis to detect subtle changes in flu viruses that may indicate cross-species transmission. It has been successfully applied to H5N1 bird flu and detected clusters of viral activity in the US, issuing alerts before official reports were published.
A study published in Nature found that wild birds, particularly ducks, geese, and swans, are driving the current US bird flu outbreak. The viruses were introduced to North America via migratory birds and have become better adapted to infect wild birds since 2020.
Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine have reported encouraging results from an early phase clinical trial of an intranasal influenza vaccine. The study found that the vaccine triggered a broad immune response, including higher levels of protective antibodies and better ability to kill infected cells.
Researchers argue that AI can strengthen pandemic preparedness by detecting emerging diseases earlier. By combining data from humans, animals, and the environment, AI can reveal patterns and provide insights into potential pathogens.
Researchers found that pasteurization kills the H5N1 virus and prevents oral tolerance, reducing health risks; unpasteurized milk poses a significant threat, highlighting the importance of proper food safety methods.
Dr. Langlois and his team will support large-scale scientific research, protect vulnerable communities, and strengthen Canada's ability to face future health emergencies. The High-Throughput Facility infrastructure will rapidly detect and track new infectious disease threats while protecting people and communities.
Researchers from academia and industry join forces to improve outbreak modelling readiness and inform policy decisions during disease outbreaks. The initiative provides datasets simulating real-time outbreak scenarios, enhancing global preparedness against HPAI's significant threat to animal and human health.
Researchers at Texas Biomed have developed a live attenuated vaccine that showed high efficacy in cells and animal models, protecting mice from lethal H5N1. The team identified potential treatment targets using human airway organoids, revealing how bird flu remodels airway cells and causes scar tissue to form.
The H5N1 virus has defied control, spreading to other species and disrupting every stage of the dairy sector. A One Health approach is necessary to mitigate the outbreak, taking into account animal and human health with environmental factors.
Scientists found H5N1 viruses in dairy cows are more similar to bird flu strains than human influenza viruses, indicating a low risk of pandemic threat. However, direct contact with infected animals or consuming raw milk poses a risk of transmission.
A machine learning model trained on European HPAI outbreak data found key predictors of avian flu outbreaks, including minimum autumn temperature and presence of mute swans. These findings could help improve future monitoring programs and reduce the risk of human infection.
A new study from Cornell University researchers found that avian flu causes severe mastitis and decreased milk production in dairy cows. The economic loss is estimated to be around $950 per clinically affected cow, totaling approximately $737,500 for a single herd.
Researchers found that the H5N1 virus enters the mammary glands through the teat, not via respiratory infection. Lactating cows' self-nursing or mutual-nursing behaviors may facilitate this transmission. Vaccination with two different vaccines showed complete protection against H5N1 infection in cattle.
The American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) has launched a critical care APP education and certification program, covering 11 topic areas including patient-centered care and pharmacology. The CCAPP Certification Exam is now available, with an August 5 deadline to apply for the 2025 exam.
Researchers analyzed thousands of viral proteins and found that their bonds to protective antibodies have weakened over time, increasing pandemic potential. The study suggests that candidate vaccines developed 10 years ago may not be efficacious against contemporary strains.
A new mRNA vaccine has shown to be more effective and less costly to develop, inducing a robust immune response against SARS-CoV-2 variants. The vaccine's trans-amplifying platform allows for reduced production costs and potential broad protection.
A new film series, 'The Deadly Five,' is launched to raise awareness of five critical animal infectious diseases affecting animal and public health. The series explores disease surveillance, prevention, and control through scientific insights and global collaborations.
The CDC has awarded a $3 million grant to the Texas A&M School of Public Health to investigate avian flu among dairy farm workers in Texas. The team, led by Dr. David Douphrate, aims to identify the scope of exposure and workplace factors involved in transmission.
Researchers have identified two proteins in birds that compensate for the loss of a key immune component in humans, providing insights into combating respiratory diseases. The study sheds light on how birds maintain lung protection despite their unique respiratory anatomy.
A recent study suggests that many Americans are unaware of simple food safety practices that can reduce the risk of bird flu infection. The survey found that over half of respondents did not know to pasteurize milk and more than a quarter expressed reluctance to take a potential vaccine.
A new vaccine platform developed at the University at Buffalo has demonstrated complete protection in mice against a deadly variant of bird flu. The vaccine, which combines key proteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, shows promise as a versatile and easy-to-produce vaccine that could be effective against evolving bird flu strains.
A comprehensive atlas of gene activity in chickens has been created, revealing how millions of genetic variants affect gene regulation and giving researchers tools to understand agriculturally important traits. This knowledge could lead to healthier flocks, more resilient farming systems, and fewer economic losses for poultry producers.
Researchers at HKU and CVVT create a nasal spray vaccine offering single-dose protection against H5N1 infection, inducing comprehensive immunity in the upper respiratory tract. The vaccine's high safety profile and ability to curb viral transmission make it a critical reserve for future outbreaks.
The American College of Chest Physicians' CHEST Critical Care and CHEST Pulmonary journals have been indexed in Elsevier's Scopus database. This achievement is a testament to the high-quality research published in these journals, which provide open access content in pulmonary and critical care medicine.
Researchers developed an antiviral chewing gum containing a natural protein that neutralizes viral loads of influenza A strains and two herpes simplex viruses. The gum, made from lablab beans, was found to be safe and effective in reducing viral loads by over 95%.
A new study reveals that wild birds such as pelicans and peregrine falcons are carrying and spreading the H5N1 virus from poultry farms to new areas worldwide. The research highlights the need for revised monitoring and treatment strategies to protect human health.
A new study finds that Canada is the slowest country to report genetic information about bird flu, with an average time of 618 days. However, the same researchers note that Canada was able to improve its response to COVID-19, highlighting the need for similar urgency in addressing this public health threat.
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found that frequently used flu antivirals do not work well against the H5N1 avian influenza virus in cows' milk. The study showed that reducing infection risk through methods like avoiding raw milk and minimizing dairy farm workers' exposures may be more effective interventions.
Consuming raw milk and its products increases the risk of foodborne illness, including from Salmonella, E. coli, and Campylobacter. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have detected H5N1 bird flu in raw milk, posing a risk to human health.
Researchers found that older adults exposed to seasonal flu viruses before 1968 have higher antibodies against the H5N1 avian flu virus. In contrast, young children who were not exposed had low levels of antibodies that could fight H5N1. The study suggests that younger adults and children would benefit more from H5N1 vaccinations.
A national poll reveals that less than half of parents believe they have accurate information about bird flu. To protect their families, one in three parents have taken action, but some strategies are not evidence-based. The government's response and public confidence in containing the virus also pose concerns.
Researchers developed a prototype sensor that detects H5N1 viruses in air samples, detecting the virus at levels below an infectious dose. The sensor produced results within 5 minutes and showed over 90% accuracy compared to traditional methods, offering promise for noninvasive air monitoring.
A new biosensor can detect airborne H5N1 avian influenza virus in under 5 minutes, providing real-time monitoring for dairy and poultry farms. The sensor uses electrochemical capacitive biosensors to improve detection speed and sensitivity.
A study suggests that pre-existing immunity against seasonal H1N1 flu can reduce the severity of bird flu in ferrets. In the study, ferrets with prior H1N1 immunity were protected against severe disease and death caused by H5N1 bird flu, whereas those without prior immunity had more severe illness and fatal outcomes.
A Cornell University study used a computer model to predict the transmission of bird flu to backyard poultry when migratory mallards stop to rest. The researchers found that mallard ducks are natural carriers of avian influenza and can spread the disease to backyard poultry if they stop to rest in an area with high risk for introduction.
A recent study found that different birds react differently to being infected with bird flu, and microRNAs may play a key role in this variation. The researchers analyzed blood samples from ruddy turnstones and found 163 different forms of microRNA, including two unique to birds.
A preclinical trial has uncovered how beta-glucan can 'reprogram' immune cells to prevent lung inflammation and reduce the risk of illness and death from influenza. The study's findings highlight beta-glucan as a promising therapy for influenza and other emerging viral pathogens.
Researchers at UC Davis found that acidifying milk to a pH of 4.1-4.2 with citric acid effectively deactivates the H5N1 virus, providing a cost-effective solution for dairy farms. The process takes only six hours and doesn't require refrigeration, increasing safety and reducing costs.
A broadly neutralizing antibody has been shown to protect monkeys against severe H5N1 avian flu disease. The antibody's stable structure ensures it can withstand virus variants, providing universal protection against a globally spreading airborne infection. Serum levels of the antibody remained stable for up to 12 weeks.
Researchers at Texas Biomed identified nine mutations in a bird flu strain from a person in Texas that enable it to more easily replicate in human cells and cause severe disease. Approved antivirals still effectively combat the virus, according to mouse studies.
The NIH and its partners remain focused on monitoring the H5N1 virus, which has caused sporadic infections among wild birds and poultry farms. Researchers highlight four keys to controlling the current outbreak: timely collaborations, disease surveillance, medical countermeasures, and precautions to prevent exposure.
A new study by La Jolla Institute for Immunology researchers suggests that many people may already have immune cells on standby to combat the H5N1 virus. The study found similarities between H5N1 and seasonal influenza viruses, allowing scientists to predict cross-reactive T cell responses that could help decrease disease severity.
Researchers have developed a way to make the seasonal influenza vaccine more effective by targeting all four subtypes of the flu virus. The method works by tricking the immune system into producing antibodies that can bind to multiple types of viruses, reducing the risk of severe illness.
A systematic review of 1500 research papers found that pregnant women who contract bird flu have a high risk of death and birth defects. The study stresses the importance of early inclusion of pregnant women in public health vaccination programs during pandemics.
A new Stanford University study found that influenza viruses can persist in refrigerated raw milk for up to five days, raising concerns about potential transmission pathways. The researchers also discovered that the viral RNA remained detectable in raw milk for at least 57 days.
Researchers discovered a single mutation in the H5N1 virus that improves its ability to attach to human cells, potentially making it easier for humans to become infected. The study's findings stress the importance of continued genomic surveillance and public health preparedness to monitor potential genetic changes.
Researchers discovered a single amino acid mutation in the H5N1 'bird flu' virus that enhances its ability to attach to human cells, potentially increasing the risk of person-to-person transmission. The finding highlights the need for ongoing surveillance of H5N1 mutations that pose risks to public health.
Infectious disease experts suggest that hospitals closely monitor local and national cases of bird flu and screen patients with flu-like symptoms for contact with farm animals. Effective communication is essential for fostering trust and reducing anxiety among healthcare personnel, patients, and the public.
A global research team has developed an advanced diagnostic kit for detecting the highly pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus, allowing for rapid detection of both high and low pathogenic strains. The kit's swift detection enables timely responses to outbreaks, reducing transmission risks and preventing devastating epidemics.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that IFITM3 deficiency increases the risk of flu infection by unfamiliar viruses, allowing them to adapt rapidly to human hosts. The study suggests that people with IFITM3 deficiency are a uniquely vulnerable population for new animal viruses entering humans.
A study has found that H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza spread efficiently among marine mammals, leading to a devastating decline in elephant seal colonies. The virus adapted to marine mammal species, showing the need for increased surveillance and research cooperation in the region.
A 2023 avian flu outbreak in Washington state killed 56% of a large breeding colony of Caspian terns and had significant impacts on the Pacific-coast population. The virus was also transmitted to harbor seals, causing an inflammatory response in their brains.
Researchers found a bovine H5N1 virus isolated from an infected worker to be transmissible and lethal in mice and ferrets, with limited efficiency. The virus is susceptible to certain antiviral drugs, including favipiravir and baloxavir marboxil.
Researchers found a highly pathogenic H5N1 strain isolated from a dairy worker that killed all infected ferrets, but the worker experienced mild symptoms and recovered. The study suggests that this particular strain may have died out and has not been detected in nature since.
A Kansas State University study finds that milking equipment and procedures are likely routes of transmission for the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in dairy cattle. The research, led by Juergen Richt, reveals severe mammary gland infections and drastic increases in virus levels in milk.
Researchers found that seabirds' food-stealing behavior, known as kleptoparasitism, could be a transmission point for the deadly H5N1 avian flu virus. This behavior involves birds forcing others to regurgitate their prey, potentially spreading the disease through contaminated food items.