New evaluation tool reliably predicts recovery from coma
A new evaluation tool, DOCS, reliably predicts recovery from coma by tracking neurobehavioral functioning changes. This allows for improved medical and rehabilitation management.
Brain Injuries
Articles tagged with Brain Injuries
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New scale predicts recovery of consciousness from coma after brain injury
Researchers developed a new scale to predict recovery of consciousness from coma after brain injury. The Disorders of Consciousness Scale (DOCS) accurately detected improvements, declines, and plateaus in neurobehavioral functioning.
Brain remapping may be key to recovery from stroke
Studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) show that individuals with brain deficits can relearn matching visual input with sensory input. This study used fMRI and a cyber glove to demonstrate the effectiveness of remapping motor commands, a crucial step in stroke recovery.
Patients who are intubated prior to hospital arrival fare worse find Pitt researchers
Out-of-hospital intubation may be more harmful than helpful for patients with severe head injuries. Patients who are intubated prior to hospital arrival have a higher risk of death and neurologic impairment compared to those intubated in the hospital.
Jefferson neuroscientists find evidence of lead exposure affecting recovery from brain injury
A study by Jefferson neuroscientists has discovered that lead exposure early in life can significantly hinder the brain's ability to recover from later injuries. The research used rats with specific brain damage and found that those exposed to lead suffered less recovery, suggesting long-term consequences of lead poisoning.
Infection, not lack of oxygen, plays larger role in premature infant brain injury
A study published in American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology found that infections occur around birth are associated with an increased risk of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), a condition causing brain tissue death. PVL is the most common form of brain injury in premature infants, resulting in cerebral palsy.
International MRC trial finds a routine treatment for head injury may do more harm than good
The MRC CRASH* trial found that giving patients corticosteroids after a head injury increased the risk of death within two weeks, with 21% of those treated dying compared to 18% on placebo. The trial involved over 10,000 patients from nearly 50 countries and challenges previous studies' findings.
Widely used treatment for head injuries found to be harmful
A large international study has found that anti-inflammatory drugs commonly used to treat severe head injuries can increase the risk of death by up to 20% within two weeks. The CRASH trial recruited over 20,000 patients from 49 countries and concluded that these drugs should not be used routinely to treat head injury
New way to protect brain from stroke damage
Researchers identify a new mechanism for stroke damage, revealing acid-sensing ion channels as major players. Blocking these channels with existing pharmacologic agents may provide a potential therapeutic target for stroke therapy.
Prosthethic legs: Shoe selection, socket liners, physical activity
Researchers explore how prosthetic legs can be tailored to improve mobility and comfort for amputees. Studies examine the impact of different shoes, sock liners, and physical activities on residual limb soft tissue damage and overall health outcomes.
New research calls for schools to be more aware of head injuries
Children with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) often face difficulties in retrieving and retaining information, and many struggle academically due to impairments. The study suggests that schools should provide better support and follow-up care for children returning from hospital after a head injury.
Thirteen football players died during 2003 season, none from heatstroke, study shows
The study found that three players died during the 2003 season due to direct injuries suffered on the field, while seven others died from natural causes related to strenuous exercise. Coaches need to prioritize player safety by ensuring they get enough water, taking regular cooling breaks, and monitoring temperature and humidity levels.
Brace therapy for osteoarthrisis, legal issues in TBI research, prosthetic fitting
New prosthetic fitting system offers improved match for knee arthritis patients, while researchers find nearly 80% of patients satisfied with brace treatment. Meanwhile, studies on traumatic brain injury research reveal legal and ethical concerns, as well as effective wound healing methods using electrical stimulation.
Language 'center' of brain shifts with age
Researchers found that language capacity 'evens out' with age, with older adults using more of both hemispheres relative to language skills. The study suggests improvements in linguistic skills and maturation of the central nervous system contribute to increased hemisphere dominance in childhood.
New UNC study shows Hurricane Floyd boosted abuse and non-abuse brain injuries in children
A new UNC study found that child abuse brain injuries were five times more common in the hardest-hit counties after Hurricane Floyd, while non-abuse injuries increased by over 10 times. The research suggests that families affected by the disaster experienced heightened stress, poverty, and depression.
Concussion causes emotional disturbances, say researchers
Concussions are linked to depression and confusion in athletes after injury. The study found that emotional changes disappeared within three weeks of recovery.
Losing consciousness can stop you getting posttraumatic stress disorder
Researchers found that patients who lost consciousness for at least 12 hours were less likely to develop posttraumatic stress disorder compared to those who remained conscious. The study, which examined 46 inpatients with traumatic brain injuries, suggests that losing consciousness may be a protective factor against developing PTSD.
Newborn brain injuries stem from infections, not delivery
Research finds that neonatal white matter injury is associated with culture-positive infections and rare instances of metabolic acidosis. The study refutes the idea that delivery complications cause these injuries.
Depression, other psychiatric illnesses common following traumatic brain injury
A study of 91 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) found that depression was a common complication, affecting 33% during the first year. TBI patients with depression were also more likely to have mood and anxiety disorders, exhibiting aggressive behavior and reduced social functioning.
Football players need several days to recover from a concussion
A study of 1,631 football players found that symptoms gradually resolved by day 7, cognitive functioning improved within 5-7 days, and balance deficits dissipated within 3-5 days after injury. However, approximately 10% of players required more than a week for symptoms to fully resolve.
Clinicians need to put heads together on sports concussions
Concussions in sports require a collaborative approach to effective evaluation and treatment, according to Dr. Douglas McKeag. Key findings include the need for careful assessments by trained professionals and the potential for athletes to take up to seven days to recover from concussions.
FGF-2 to the rescue following traumatic brain injury
Researchers found that FGF-2 supplementation limits existing neuron loss while promoting new neuron generation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus following traumatic brain injury. This approach may offer a rational strategy for treating brain injury by enhancing neurogenesis and reducing neurodegeneration.
'Shaping' technique found effective and efficient in stroke rehab
Researchers studied 13 young adults with muscle weakness after stroke and found that shaping therapy improved arm movement and motor activity. The study showed significant improvements in the amount of use and quality of movement, with stable results during a four-week follow-up.
Talented Hokies research brain impacts while battling Aggies
Virginia Tech researchers are developing a brain impact monitoring system using the HITS sensor system, which measures impacts in football helmets. The system aims to identify the level at which impacts begin to result in injury and inform the design of better sports headgear.
Northwestern widens 'treatment window' for brain injury and stroke
A Northwestern University team created a compound that inhibits death-associated protein kinase, reducing brain cell death after injury or stroke. The treatment has shown protection for up to six hours post-injury and can last for weeks.
Infants more vulnerable to serious brain injury from falling than previously thought
Researchers found that infant falls can produce significant rotational forces that cause widespread and serious brain injury, including internal bleeding and nerve cell damage. This challenges the assumption that children respond similarly to head trauma as adults.
Estimated 300 children died in the U.S. from shaken baby syndrome last year
A University of North Carolina study found that infant boys born to younger mothers and non-white mothers are disproportionately affected by shaken baby syndrome. The research estimated 306 child deaths per year from the condition, highlighting the need for increased awareness and preventive interventions among healthcare providers.
Household falls may produce more severe brain injuries in infants than previously thought
Researchers found that rotational deceleration increases with higher falls and harder surfaces, leading to more severe diffuse brain injuries. Inflicted impacts on hard surfaces are likely to cause subdural hemorrhage and possibly diffuse axonal injury.
Amnesia, confusion may signal concussion
A study found that athletes who experienced amnesia and confusion after a concussion were at risk of long-term neurocognitive deficits. Researchers recommend thorough evaluation and neuropsychological testing before returning to play.
Lowering the shoulder on bodychecking
The authors conclude that bodychecking should be banned in hockey until players are at least age 17 or 18 years old due to increased concussion and injury risks. Most physical growth occurs during this period, making it a critical time for protecting young athletes.
Inherited gene may place some at higher risk of post-traumatic injury seizures
A study published in Archives of Neurology found that patients with moderate to severe brain injuries who inherited the epsilon 4 variation of apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene were more likely to develop seizures. The finding sheds light on post-traumatic epilepsy's pathophysiology and may lead to new therapies.
OHSU researchers help develop first guidelines for the treatment of brain injuries in children
Researchers from Oregon Health & Science University have developed the first comprehensive guidelines for treating brain injuries in children, addressing key issues such as airway management and surgical options. The guidelines aim to improve treatment consistency and outcomes across hospitals and clinicians worldwide.
Protein linked to brain cell scarring after injury
Researchers found that a protein called palladin is upregulated following traumatic injury to the central nervous system, forming a barrier that blocks neurons from recovering. Palladin appears to control astrocyte cell shape, leading to structural changes associated with injury.
Victims of child abuse may have hidden head injuries
A new study suggests that children with suspected high-risk child abuse injuries have a high incidence of occult head injuries, often missed by routine exams. Brain scans detected more head injuries in 37% of patients, highlighting the need for universal CT or MRI screening in young children.
Mayo Clinic researchers discover significant link between head injury and Parkinson's disease
Researchers found that head injury significantly increases risk of developing Parkinson's disease, with severe injuries linked to a 20-year delay in symptoms. The study suggests that mild head injuries may not be associated with an increased risk, but more research is needed to understand the link.
Brain injury patients now turning to alternative medicine for treatment
More than 80% of traumatic brain injury patients surveyed believe alternative medicine (CAM) therapies like massage, meditation, and herbal medicine are effective. However, only half have discussed their use with physicians, raising concerns about the lack of transparency.
Study confirms reduction of potent anti-inflammatory molecule a-MSH in patients with brain injury
Studies found that patients with acute brain injury had lower levels of anti-inflammatory molecule a-MSH, which remained low over four days after injury. This impairment may have detrimental consequences for brain injury treatment.
No mention of trauma as cause of head injury is likely abuse
A new study from Boston Children's Hospital found that parents' reports of no history of trauma in children with neurological symptoms after head injuries were highly indicative of abuse. The research used medical test results and histories to assess the likelihood of abuse, finding that even low-impact traumas were predictive of abuse.
Stanford researcher redefines stroke terms in push for better treatment
A new definition of transient ischemic attack (TIA) is proposed to improve stroke treatment, focusing on brain injury rather than arbitrary time limits. The revised definition aims to increase the use of clot-busting medication and reduce delays in treatment.
UT Southwestern scientists discover link between infections in mothers and brain injuries in babies
Researchers found a significant correlation between maternal placenta inflammation and infant neurological function decline. The study revealed chorioamnionitis as a key cause of perinatal brain injury, potentially leading to new diagnostic tests and preventive strategies.
University of Pittsburgh reports effects of multiple concussions in high school athletes
A University of Pittsburgh study found that prior concussions may lower the threshold for subsequent concussion injury and increase symptom severity in seemingly mild subsequent concussions. The research, which compared 60 athletes with no prior concussion history to 28 athletes with three or more concussions, showed a significant incr...
Is the roller coaster G force threat all spin?
Researchers found that roller coaster G forces, twists, and speeds are not sufficient to injure the brain of healthy riders. They calculated peak head accelerations in three directions and found they were well within established safety margins.
Neural stem cells improve motor function in brain injuries
Researchers have found that neural stem cell transplants in mice improve specific components of motor function, but not cognitive abilities. The study suggests that neural stem cells could be a promising therapy for humans with traumatic brain injuries.
Stanford researchers teach old owls new tricks
Researchers at Stanford University broke the learning process down into smaller steps for adult owls, allowing them to adjust their mental maps more accurately. This method showed promise in overcoming the age-related decline in learning abilities, with implications for treating brain injuries and improving physical therapy outcomes.
Brain can reorganize after traumatic injury
Researchers discovered that damaged brains can reorganize and compensate for damage by engaging new systems to perform memory tasks. This finding has implications for the treatment of traumatic brain injuries, highlighting the potential benefits of brain imaging studies in tracking changes and understanding recovery.
Annual study reveals 23 football players died during 2001 season
The study found that 6 deaths resulted from brain injuries, while 8 players died from heatstroke in 1970. Dr. Frederick Mueller recommends practices with regular cooling-off breaks and pre-practice physical examinations to prevent such fatalities.
Study identifies new drug target for preserving brain cells
Researchers found that blocking interleukin-1 can prevent additional brain tissue damage, suggesting a new potential treatment for traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. By inhibiting IL-1, macrophage activation is reduced, leading to less inflammation and cell death.
Atlanta researchers to launch clinical trial of progesterone for treatment of brain injury
Researchers at Emory University Health Sciences Center are launching a three-year pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of progesterone in treating traumatic brain injury. The study aims to determine whether giving progesterone to victims of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury can save lives and preserve mental function.
Two studies find proven methods for predicting internal injuries in children
Researchers found laboratory testing combined with physical exams significantly helps identify internal abdominal injuries in children. Missed abdominal injuries are a major cause of preventable death and disability.
Injuries uncommon in youth football, Mayo Clinic study reports
A Mayo Clinic study found that youth football injuries are rare and often mild. The risk of injury increased with the player's age and level of play, but not with body weight. Most injuries were contusions, while fractures involving the ankle growth plate were more common in higher grades.
Memory loss after brain injury worse when E4 form of Alzheimer's gene present
Researchers at the University of South Florida found that individuals with the E4 type of apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene experience worse recovery of general memory function after brain injury. The study, which genotyped 110 head-injured patients, suggests common cellular responses in both traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease.
The effect of laws mandating bicycle helmet use
The study found a significant increase in bicycle helmet use from 36% to 84%, resulting in a decrease in head injuries among cyclists. However, another commentator suggests that legislation alone may not be sufficient to promote safe cycling and recommends combining it with other strategies such as bike paths.
Physician begins national head-trauma registry to track why, how injuries happen
A new surveillance program aims to collect detailed information on every head-injury patient at the University of Rochester Medical Center. This will help identify geographic clusters, environmental conditions, and potential treatment improvements for head injuries.
UT Southwestern scientists explain how the injured brain remodels itself
Researchers at UT Southwestern discovered that traumatic brain injuries trigger a rapid and prolonged regeneration of neurons in mice, with long-term effects even in distant areas. This study suggests the potential to develop new treatments using adult stem cells to enhance injured brain capabilities.
Unnecessary roughness – mild head injury increases the brain’s vulnerability to further damage
A new study published in the Journal of Neurosurgery found that mild head injuries can cause permanent damage to the brain, with effects not felt for months. The research suggests that repetitive head injuries may be a factor in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.
Care of head injuries falls well short of recommendations
A recent audit reveals major deficiencies in funding, staff, and service provision for head injured patients. Rehabilitation and follow-up services are poor, with only a third of A&E departments involved in recommended care.
Neuron by neuron, Penn researchers study brain cells' attempts to heal themselves after severe injuries
The Penn team will focus on contusions and examine individual neurons' responses to injury. They aim to identify patterns of genes and proteins that are activated or suppressed, which could lead to new medications and treatments.
Population-based study of potential brain injuries
A population-based study found that the annual rate of potential brain injury was 16 per 10,000 among males and 7 per 10,000 among females. The leading causes of brain injury varied by age, with falls from heights being common among young children and accidents involving motor vehicles or bicycles being common among older teenagers.
Violence not key factor in recovery from brain injury
A recent Ohio State University study found that substance abuse is a key factor in determining recovery from traumatic brain injuries, not violence. Patients with a history of substance abuse were less satisfied with life and less productive one year after discharge.
Penn’s Head Injury Center receives $110,000 NFL charities grant to study long-term effects of concussions
The Penn Head Injury Center will study the long-term effects of concussions with a $110,000 grant from NFL Charities. The center aims to develop new therapeutic strategies for traumatic brain injury and improve treatment outcomes.