Articles tagged with Cholera
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A new study provides a long-sought structural explanation for how Vibrio cholerae colonizes the human gut and produces the cholera toxin. The research reveals that ToxR and TcpP stabilize a specific part of the RNA polymerase directly onto DNA, achieving virulence gene activation without reshaping the transcription machinery.
A high-protein diet rich in casein and wheat gluten can significantly reduce the amount of cholera bacteria able to infect the gut. The study found that these dietary components can suppress a key structure on the surface of cholera bacteria, making it difficult for the pathogen to colonize and cause harm.
A single-dose oral cholera vaccine called PanChol has completed a phase 1 clinical trial with positive results, offering hope for combating the devastating disease globally. The vaccine was developed by Mass General Brigham and shows promise in preventing severe vomiting and diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae bacteria.
Public Health Alerts provide concise, data-driven information on disease outbreaks and urgent health events. The new series, launched by NEJM Evidence and CIDRAP, offers expert-reviewed reports to support public health evidence-based care.
Researchers have identified genetic bottlenecks that explain the emergence of pandemic cholera strains. These specific combinations of genes and allelic variants grant an advantage in human intestinal colonization, allowing a small subset of Vibrio cholerae to become deadly pathogens.
Researchers found that cholera bacteria acquired multiple distinct immune systems protecting them from diverse types of phages. These defense systems, including WonAB, GrwAB, and Vc SduA, contribute to the bacterial population's resistance spectrum.
Mathematical modeling research from University of Utah Health suggests that treating moderate cases with antibiotics could limit the spread of cholera and reduce the likelihood of antibiotic resistance. In areas where cholera spreads slowly, aggressive antibiotic use may even stop outbreaks entirely.
A new study models cholera transmission after interventions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, highlighting the importance of environmental reservoirs in maintaining endemic diseases. The research suggests that vaccination may have a smaller impact on preventing transmission compared to water, sanitation, and hygiene improvements.
Recent cases of multi-drug resistant cholera in the UK and Germany are linked to exposure to contaminated holy water from Ethiopia. The study found a connection between pilgrims consuming or bathing in the holy well and the spread of the disease.
A highly drug-resistant cholera strain has been identified in Yemen and later detected in Lebanon, Kenya, Tanzania, and the Comoros Islands, including Mayotte. The strain's spread highlights the need for strengthened global surveillance of the cholera agent to monitor its resistance to antibiotics.
A new study has identified the genetic factors driving cholera's severity and spread. The research, led by Professor Tania Dottorini, found that unique genes and mutations in Vibrio cholerae are linked to prolonged diarrhoea, intense abdominal pain, and dehydration.
A new study from European universities has developed a method to analyze wastewater data from seven major cities, identifying thousands of disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and antimicrobial resistance. This approach can detect potential health threats simultaneously, potentially preventing epidemics from escalating into outbreaks.
Researchers have discovered a new class of natural antimicrobials called microcins that can target specific strains of bacteria causing cholera, inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancer. Microcins are highly selective and can potentially remove unwanted bacteria without disrupting the human gut microbiome.
Historical records suggest that anomalous climate conditions during El Niño events contributed to the establishment and spread of new cholera strains. Climate-facilitated emergence of novel strains is projected to increase through the end of the century due to climate change-driven increases in climate variability.
Researchers identified a unique two-part defense system that destroys plasmids, protecting the bacterial strain from evolution and contributing to its longevity. This discovery could lead to new treatments or prevention strategies against severe symptoms.
Researchers at UTSA have discovered a novel strategy to inhibit the spread and infection of Vibrio cholerae, the bacteria responsible for cholera. They identified a peptide-binding domain that can disrupt the virulence of V. cholerae, preventing intestinal colonization and biofilm formation.
Researchers have discovered a new plasmid in epidemic Vibrio cholerae samples that introduces genes encoding resistance to multiple antibiotics. The finding underscores the importance of genomic surveillance and suggests that the strain's stability poses a concerning factor for future outbreaks.
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen have discovered how a bacterium called Vibrio alginolyticus moves using sodium ions, which could lead to new targets for antibiotics. The study provides insights into the flagellum's movement and may help develop novel antibiotics to combat antibiotic resistance.
Researchers discovered two new cholera sublineages in a refugee population in southern Bangladesh, highlighting the importance of mass vaccination. The study used genomic surveillance to track the strains and showed that the vaccine intervention was crucial in preventing an epidemic.
The study of ToxR's protein structure bound to DNA has revealed how it triggers cholera toxin production. The research provides insights into the molecular mechanism behind Vibrio cholerae's virulence, shedding light on potential treatments for this disease.
Researchers at Umea University discover new role for D-amino acids in stress-driven bacterial chemotaxis, revealing complex ecological systems and potential strategies to manipulate bacterial populations. D-Arginine plays a multifaceted role in shaping microbial communities and influencing niche selection.
Researchers at the University of Basel discovered that cholera-causing Vibrio cholerae forms an aggressive biofilm on immune cells, killing them. This novel strategy of attack can significantly affect the progression of cholera infection.
The International Vaccine Institute (IVI) has started clinical development of DuoChol, a new oral cholera vaccine in capsule form. This innovation offers improved thermostability, reducing storage challenges, while making vaccines more accessible to those who need them most.
A study by Dartmouth College researchers found that bacteria can form protective clusters with rival species, making it harder to kill harmful bacteria. This discovery highlights the importance of studying multispecies biofilm structures and may impact the development of bacteriophages and predatory bacteria as antimicrobial alternatives.
MIT researchers have identified molecules found in mucus that can block cholera infection by interfering with the genes that cause the microbe to switch into a harmful state. The protective molecules, known as glycans, prevent Vibrio cholerae from producing the toxin that usually leads to severe diarrhea.
Researchers developed a noninvasive microphone sensor that uses machine learning to detect bowel diseases like cholera. The algorithm analyzes audio data from toilet sounds, identifying consistent tones for urination and singular tones for defecation.
Biovac has concluded a licensing agreement with the International Vaccine Institute (IVI) to manufacture an oral cholera vaccine, addressing the critical shortage of vaccines needed to prevent cholera globally. The partnership aims to increase production volumes, reduce supply gaps, and support Africa's indigenous vaccine industry.
A study by Osaka University researchers has revealed the molecular details of how Vibrio cholerae secretes its colonization factor TcpF. The mechanism involves the Toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) system, which allows the bacterium to colonize the human intestine and initiate infection.
A team led by York University has developed a new technique to keep drinking water safe in refugee settlements using machine learning and ensemble forecasting systems. The approach can predict the probability of residual chlorine remaining in stored water, providing critical information for aid workers to ensure safe drinking water.
A new study found that the O139 cholera variant lost antimicrobial resistance and changed toxin production, leading to its unexpected decline. The findings suggest continuous monitoring of genetic changes is key to preventing future outbreaks.
Two projects aim to vaccinate 40,000 and 60,000 people in Ethiopia against cholera, using the OCV vaccine developed by IVI. The mass vaccination campaign will also establish a disease monitoring system to strengthen local public health capabilities.
The study found two DNA defense systems in Vibrio cholerae bacteria that work together to eliminate plasmids and prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance. These defense systems, called DdmDE and DdmABC, are encoded within distinct pathogenicity islands and help the bacteria survive pandemics.
Researchers have created a new type of cholera vaccine consisting of polysaccharides displayed on virus-like particles, generating long-lasting antibody responses in mice. The vaccine shows promise as a next-generation cholera vaccine, potentially replacing current vaccines that last only 2-5 years.
Researchers have discovered a molecular mechanism that contributed to the emergence of the seventh cholera pandemic. The study found that modified Vibrio cholerae bacteria used their type 6 secretion system (T6SS) to outcompete and kill older strains, leading to their displacement.
Researchers discovered a small RNA molecule that regulates both the production of the cholera toxin and the metabolism of the cholera bacterium. This finding provides a new target for developing treatments against cholera and has implications for biotechnological applications.
Research found that human gut bacteria resist Vibrio cholerae attacks using various strategies, including polysaccharide capsules and self-killing mechanisms. The study suggests a potential for designing T6SS-shielded probiotic strains to restore defective colonization barriers.
A case control study found a positive association between sachet water consumption and increased risk of cholera. The study suggests that direct contact between the mouth and contaminated exterior of the sachet transmits pathogens.
The MucoRice-CTB vaccine, a new edible cholera vaccine made from genetically modified rice, has shown no obvious side effects and a good immune response in its Phase 1 human trial. The vaccine stimulates the mucosal immune system through the gut to induce antigen-specific antibodies, producing IgG and IgA responses.
Joint projects to fight cholera include vaccination for 540,000 people in Nepal and 250,000 in Mozambique. Enhanced surveillance capacity will also be strengthened.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital found a unique mechanism of protection against Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera. Human antibodies block the bacteria's motility, preventing it from causing disease. This breakthrough could lead to more effective vaccines for cholera, particularly in young children.
Researchers mapped genomic evolution of Vibrio cholerae bacteria in Argentina during the 1991-1998 cholera outbreak. The study distinguished between pandemic and non-pandemic lineages, influencing health policy and national alert surveillance system.
A new study found that certain gut bacteria, such as Blautia obeum, can deactivate the disease-causing mechanisms of Vibrio cholerae, preventing it from colonizing the intestines. Increasing levels of this bacterium in the gut may provide a natural defense against cholera.
Researchers have made significant strides in understanding the mechanisms of cholera biofilm formation and hyperinfectivity. Biofilms are found to be highly infectious due to primed virulence factors, with bacteria already producing toxins before infection occurs.
The International Vaccine Institute (IVI) has received a $1.4 million grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to develop international standards for oral cholera vaccine manufacturing. This will enable multiple manufacturers to produce low-cost vaccines, meeting global demand and ensuring uniform efficacy.
New research from Dartmouth College uncovers how cholera bacteria change shape to aid short-term survival in nutrient-poor environments. This strategy supports the growth of bacterial communities and allows pathogens to compete effectively.
Researchers discovered a grappling hook-like appendage called type IV pili that enables Vibrio cholerae to take up DNA, bind to nutrient-rich surfaces and recognize 'family' members. The findings reveal a multifunctional toolkit for the bacterium's survival in ocean environments.
Researchers at the Wellcome Sanger Institute have sequenced the genome of a non-toxigenic strain of Vibrio cholerae from WWI, showing it is distantly related to strains causing modern pandemics. The strain lacked a flagellum and possessed genes for ampicillin resistance.
A recent study using a cholera vaccine cluster trial found that conventional fecal microbiological cultures identified only 66% of patients with cholera, suggesting widespread underestimation of global cases. The study supported the sensitivity of these culture methods, but no evidence of protection was found.
A new machine-learning algorithm uses cholera antibody test results to identify recently infected individuals, making it easier to detect deadly epidemics. The algorithm was tested on a dataset of 1,569 blood samples and showed high accuracy in estimating the time window for cholera infection.
A new method has been developed to measure the size of cholera outbreaks and identify geographic hotspots for the disease. The method uses six serum markers to detect recent infection, achieving an accuracy rate of 93 percent.
The strain of cholera causing the current outbreak in Yemen was estimated to come from Eastern Africa and entered the country through human migration. Genomic data analysis has enabled researchers to estimate the risk of future outbreaks and inform targeted interventions.
A Johns Hopkins report highlights Yemen's inadequate cholera preparedness and response, citing gaps in surveillance, access to populations, and coordination. The authors recommend improving disease surveillance, integrating health and WASH sectors, and boosting laboratory capacity to better prepare for future epidemics.
Research suggests that all infectious diseases follow a seasonal cycle, with outbreaks occurring at specific times of the year. Seasonality is driven by environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and vector-borne diseases like Zika, which is influenced by mosquito proliferation in algae-filled waterbodies.
A large-scale genomic study found that nearly 80% of cholera transmission in Dhaka occurred between people sharing a household. Preventing this spread could significantly reduce outbreaks and save lives. Local interventions such as sanitation and hygiene improvements can help break the chain of transmission.
A team of microbiologists and plant scientists has identified a genetic weakness in the cholera pandemic that could lead to future treatments. The discovery reveals a new signaling network for cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) in the human cholera pathogen, which is responsible for the seventh pandemic's ability to thrive.
A preclinical study shows a new cholera vaccine can provide long-term immune response and immediate protection within 24 hours. Mathematical modeling predicts the vaccine could save up to 20,000 infections compared to traditional vaccines.
Scientists have developed a new vaccine-based intervention that reduces severity and increases survival times in animal models. A probiotic bacterial species, Lactococcus lactis, has also been found to combat cholera by producing an acid that kills the bacteria.
Researchers have developed a probiotic intervention that suppresses Vibrio cholerae colonization in the intestinal tract and detects its presence through stool sampling. The approach leverages Lactococcus lactis to create an inhospitable environment for V. cholerae and incorporates synthetic gene circuits to sense secreted signals from...
A new probiotic mix of natural and engineered bacteria can diagnose and treat cholera by detecting a specific molecule and producing an enzyme that kills the bacteria. This approach offers an inexpensive and quick means to track the disease and provide treatment, potentially replacing traditional antibiotics.
Researchers used machine learning algorithms to identify patterns within human gut bacteria that predict susceptibility to cholera. The study found that a set of 100 microbes associated with the disease can be predicted by AI, potentially leading to improved vaccines and preventive approaches.