Articles tagged with Hiv Infections
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A study projects that declining male circumcision rates in the US may lead to increased healthcare costs and infection prevalence. Researchers found that reducing MC rates could result in higher estimated lifetime medical costs for men and women.
A recent study published in the journal AIDS and Behavior found that HIV home testing kits are a cost-effective and acceptable tool for preventing HIV transmission among men who have sex with men. The kits were found to be particularly effective in encouraging individuals to disclose their HIV status, leading to reduced risk of transmi...
Researchers at George Mason University discovered that curcumin from turmeric can stop the Rift Valley Fever virus from multiplying in infected cells. The study suggests that curcumin-based pharmaceuticals could be used to treat devastating viruses like HIV.
A new video article in JoVE presents a novel technique to study interactions between HIV-1 and Plasmodium falciparum in cultured human cells. This method allows scientists to explore different parameters of co-infection, enabling better understanding of the cellular level interactions between these two deadly diseases.
Researchers found that immunologically active components called human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) may protect infants from HIV transmission. HMO act as prebiotics, inhibit pathogens from binding, and exhibit anti-inflammatory activity.
Millions of HIV-infected individuals in sub-Saharan Africa are also infested with parasitic worms, which can lead to anemia, malnutrition, and impaired cognitive development. Integrating deworming into HIV care could delay the progression of HIV, reduce other infections, and increase responsiveness to vaccines.
Researchers discovered HIV exploits immune system by using infected T cells to travel and infect other CD4 T cells. The study used a humanized mouse model and found that infected cells carry virus to remote locations, supporting the development of new treatment strategies.
Researchers from UNC Chapel Hill found that adults with mild HIV infections can work longer hours per week and have their children enroll in school at higher rates. The study suggests that early treatment could lead to greater earning potential for those affected by HIV.
A new study found that many heterosexual men with HIV in Canada feel existing programs and services don't meet their needs, due to stigma and lack of support. The study emphasizes the need for more inclusive health care and service initiatives specifically tailored to these men's unique experiences.
A study in Swaziland found the national rate of new HIV infections to be 2.38%, comparable to the 2009 estimate of 2.66%. The country's high HIV prevalence may have begun to level off, with prevention and treatment programs taking effect.
A computer program calibrated to model accurately HIV spread in NYC predicts significant reduction in infection rate with comprehensive intervention strategies. The model simulates individual behavior and transmission networks, providing detailed examination of how interventions affect the epidemic.
A clinical study in Uganda found that adults with high CD4+ counts can work 30% more hours and have children with higher school enrollment rates compared to those with low CD4+ counts. Early HIV treatment may prevent economic decline, improve education outcomes, and maintain them at levels seen among HIV-negative peers.
A recent NIH-funded study found a 2.8% overall rate of new HIV infections among black MSM in the US, with a higher incidence rate among individuals aged 18-30. The study also identified associations between HIV infection and high rates of untreated STIs and poverty.
Mount Sinai researchers found that neutrophils boost antibody production and reprogram B-cells to create a potent immune response. This discovery has significant promise for developing vaccines against blood-borne infections and HIV.
A rural Ugandan parish experienced a substantial decrease in HIV virus levels within one year following two community health campaigns that provided free counseling, testing, and treatment. The SEARCH study found that 55% of HIV-positive individuals had undetectable viral loads, compared to an estimated 20-30% in the US.
SRI International researchers are developing a topical microbicide gel to prevent HIV and HSV-2 infections in women. The novel product will utilize a patented bioadhesive polymeric platform for sustained drug delivery, aiming to limit the risk of drug resistance.
A new study reveals disturbingly high HIV infection rates among young black gay and bisexual men in the US, with a 2.8% annual rate of new infections nearly 50% higher than among white MSM. The study also found that poverty and untreated sexually transmitted infections were associated with HIV infection in this population.
A study conducted in India found that non-disclosure of HIV serostatus to sex partners is a significant issue among female sex workers and their clients, with rates ranging from 17-86%. The study suggests that improving basic HIV knowledge, reducing alcohol consumption, and increasing awareness about partner status can help increase di...
A new combination of drugs to treat tuberculosis shows promise, killing over 99% of patients' TB bacteria within two weeks. The treatment could also be used for patients infected with drug-resistant forms of the disease.
This study found that chronic alcoholism and HIV infection distinctively impact the brain systems involved in procedural learning and visual information processing. Individuals with HIV require repeated practice to achieve maximum benefit, while those with alcoholism demonstrate a consolidation effect that enhances learning over time.
A recent HPTN study found significantly higher rates of new HIV infections among young black gay and bisexual men in the US compared to white MSM. The study's findings highlight the need for urgent action to stem the spread of HIV among this population.
Dr. Warner C. Greene and global AIDS experts release a locally affordable version of the world's leading AIDS medical textbook, designed specifically for resource-poor regions. The textbook features up-to-date clinical information on HIV/AIDS, including managing and treating the disease in resource-poor settings.
A multifaceted global effort could lead to an AIDS-free generation by expanding testing, treatment, and prevention programs. Combination antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved health and longevity for individuals infected with HIV, saving an estimated 700,000 lives globally in 2010.
A recent study published in JAMA found that HIV patients taking antiretroviral drugs experienced improved viral suppression rates, with a 60% increase over the past decade. However, the percentage of patients in tightly controlled HIV infection remains lower than previously estimated.
A study of HIV-positive persons born outside the US finds they are more likely to be Hispanic or Asian and have higher rates of heterosexual contact. The researchers also found that these individuals face challenges accessing medical care due to language and cultural barriers.
A study by Johns Hopkins and University of Pennsylvania found that HIV suppression rates are lower than previously thought, with younger adults, blacks, injection drug users, and uninsured individuals more likely to have uncontrolled disease. The study reviewed over 100,000 individual blood test results from 32,483 infected adults.
Researchers at Scripps Research have identified a natural compound, Cortistatin A, that effectively reduces HIV replication by 99.7 percent in infected cells. The compound works by inhibiting the viral protein Tat, making it a promising potential treatment for the ongoing pandemic.
A new study from Lund University in Sweden has found that co-infection with mild HIV-2 can slow the development of AIDS in HIV-1-infected patients. The study suggests that HIV-2 can activate cellular reactions that naturally check the development of AIDS, leading to better preventive measures and treatments.
A MCG student has received a $5,000 research fellowship to investigate risk factors for bacteremia in dialysis patients. The study aims to identify potential associations with diabetes, dialysis catheter use, and other factors.
Researchers created a model by transplanting human immune elements into an immunodeficient mouse, allowing it to mount human-like immune responses against HIV. The study successfully replicates critical host-pathogen interactions and provides a promising tool for accelerating HIV vaccine development.
The NIH is launching a clinical trial to test the safety and tolerability of maraviroc-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) regimens for HIV prevention. The study aims to reduce the risk of infection by enrolling 400 HIV-uninfected men who have sex with men in 12 cities across the US and Puerto Rico.
The Scripps Research Institute has been awarded a grant to develop a vaccine against HIV and the disease it causes, AIDS. The Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology & Immunogen Discovery (CHAVI-ID) will conduct multidisciplinary research into immune responses that prevent infection or control the virus in infected individuals.
Researchers found that the HIV protein vpu interferes with the immune response protein IRF3, dampening the ability of the immune system to protect against virus infection. This discovery could lead to the development of new antiviral therapeutics that target this interaction.
A collection of articles investigates the impact of antiretroviral treatment on new HIV infections, exploring its potential epidemiological impact and affordability. The studies assess the utility of mathematical models and evaluate their consistency with real-world data.
Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center have discovered a potential cause of HIV-associated dementia: reduced production of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mature BDNF), a protein essential for brain neuron health. This finding may lead to a therapeutic solution and provide a biomarker for risk assessment.
A study by Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health found that PEPFAR-funded HIV programs are associated with more deliveries at health facilities, suggesting a positive impact on maternal health services. This is likely due to the expansion of HIV treatment and infrastructure investments supporting other health services.
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute discovered a simple and safe method to disrupt specific genes within cells, offering a potential HIV treatment. The new technique uses zinc finger nuclease proteins, which can be added directly to cells without viral delivery methods.
A study by UCSF found that bacterial vaginosis increases female-to-male HIV transmission risk threefold. Women with the condition are more likely to transmit HIV to their male partners, highlighting the need for better understanding and treatment of the disorder.
University of Georgia scientists discovered a new flu-fighting role for the immune component IL-15, which reduces peak viral load by nearly three times in mice infected with influenza. The study found that administering IL-15 enhances natural killer cell movement and attracts CD8 T cells to the lung airways.
A new UCLA-led study shows that a two- or three-drug combination given to infants within 48 hours of birth can reduce the risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission by about half compared to AZT alone. The study found that this combination significantly reduced HIV transmission, while also being less toxic to the infants.
Adding nevirapine to the regimen of newborns born to HIV-positive mothers halves their risk of contracting the virus, according to a recent study. The research found that the two-drug combination is effective in preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission and is relatively easy to administer.
A recent NIH study reveals that children born with HIV are more likely to experience hearing loss by age 16. The researchers estimated that 9-15% of HIV-infected children and 5-8% of uninfected peers may be affected.
A study by University of North Carolina researchers found that breast milk has a strong virus-killing effect and protects against oral transmission of HIV. The 'BLT' mouse model was used to demonstrate this, with the oral cavity and upper digestive tract of mice mimicking human cells affected by HIV transmission.
Researchers have identified MDA5 as a key molecule essential for producing interferon to rally virus-fighting cells during certain viral infections. The timing and balance of interferon production are critical in determining the outcome of a viral infection, with prolonged production increasing the risk of autoimmune damage.
A study by Scripps Research Institute scientists shows that the single protein TLR7 plays a significant role in generating immune responses required to clear persistent LCMV infection. Without this protein, the immune system's ability to purge the infection is compromised, leading to exhaustion of T cells and impairment of both cellula...
A study found that hospitalization rates for community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in NYC tripled between 1997 and 2006. The highest rates were seen among men, children, and homeless populations.
A study of 700 people living with HIV in Russia found that approximately half reported not disclosing their status to all partners. The findings suggest that risky alcohol use is common, but does not contribute to nondisclosure, emphasizing the importance of counseling and encouraging disclosure to prevent further HIV spread
A recent study found that 26.7% of homeless adults in downtown LA are infected with hepatitis C, while nearly half (46.1%) are unaware of their infection status. The study also highlights the need for interventions such as HCV education, counseling, and voluntary testing and treatment services.
Researchers found that a subtype of CD4-positive immune cells called Th17 cells in the gut could influence disease outcome and help control HIV growth. Increasing these cells may promote an environment with more anti-viral capabilities, potentially improving treatment outcomes.
Researchers found that individuals with HIV who can control viral replication have killer T cells with effective T cell receptors, which recognize and kill infected cells. The study suggests that the particular sequence of the protein affects the ability to control infection.
A new study suggests that HIV superinfection rates are equivalent to primary HIV infections among a general heterosexual population. Researchers used ultra-deep sequencing to detect even the lowest levels of circulating HIV strains and found 7 cases of superinfection out of 149 tested individuals.
A new study in Uganda found that HIV superinfection may be more common than previously thought, occurring at a rate comparable to the annual incidence of new HIV infections. The research suggests that post-test counseling should emphasize the risk of superinfection and its implications for public health strategies.
Researchers at UCSF have discovered that rhesus macaques with more Th17 cells in their gut are better able to control SIV and live longer after infection. This finding may shed light on why some people infected with HIV live longer and have fewer health problems than others.
Researchers have identified a new HIV-suppressing protein called CXCL4, which binds to the outer coat of the virus and prevents it from entering human cells. This discovery may provide new insights into treating and preventing HIV disease progression.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis has been shown to prevent HIV infection before exposure, with a 39% reduction in rates found in one recent trial. A four-week duration of therapy is recommended, based on evidence from macaque models of transmission.
Male study participants who received an experimental HIV vaccine were at higher risk of infection due to neutralizing antibodies to Ad5 or being uncircumcised. However, the risk level decreased over time and was equal to that of volunteers who received a placebo after about 18 months.
Researchers at UC Davis Health System demonstrated the safety and efficacy of transplanting anti-HIV stem cells into mice, replicating a functioning human immune system. The technique protects and expands HIV-resistant immune cells, maintaining normal CD4 levels.
Researchers found that Listeria uses nitric oxide to evade the immune system and facilitate cell-to-cell spread, allowing it to multiply in its host. This strategy allows pathogens like Rickettsia and HIV to spread throughout the host in a similar manner.
The Lancet series highlights the major challenges facing adolescents today, including disparities in access to resources and services. Sexually transmitted infections with protracted courses are of particular concern, exacerbated by poverty and social inequalities in countries of all incomes.
Researchers have found that non-coding RNA molecules can detect the presence of viruses in cells, providing a potential tool for developing new treatments. The discovery was made using deep sequencing technology and has been used to identify infected cells with 100% accuracy.