Articles tagged with Hiv Infections
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A modeling analysis suggests that a combination of methadone substitution therapy and anti-retroviral treatment would have the greatest effect on reducing new infections and improving quality of life. Providing drug-substitution to just 25% of intravenous drug users today could lower HIV prevalence considerably.
A study found that tenofovir gel provided significant protection against HIV in rectal tissue, with a strong effect seen after one week of use. The results suggest that rectal microbicides could be an effective method for preventing HIV transmission, particularly in high-risk populations.
A recent study found that approximately 50% of men in the general population are infected with human papillomavirus (HPV), a virus known for causing cervical cancer in women. The study also revealed high incidence and transmission rates, particularly among men with multiple partners.
Researchers have identified a protein produced by HIV-1 that drives infected cells out of dormancy and into the cell cycle. This finding sheds light on how HIV reactivates after entering a dormant state and may lead to new treatments for people with HIV infection.
Elite suppressors have lower levels of integrated HIV DNA and more effective killer T cells, making them resistant to antiretroviral therapy. Researchers speculate that therapeutic vaccinations targeting elite suppressor-like immune responses may be effective against the treatment-resistant latent reservoir.
Researchers have discovered a genetic feature of early-transmitting HIV that enables it to bind tightly to CD4+ T cells through integrin alpha-4 beta-7. This binding enhances the ability of HIV to complete sexual transmission and establish infection in an individual.
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen have developed a new vaccine technology that stimulates and accelerates the immune system to show its defense mechanisms against hepatitis C virus. The technology works by presenting a larger section of the internal molecule, allowing the immune defenses to recognize and respond to it.
Researchers found that statin atorvastatin reduced CD38 and HLA-DR levels on T cells in HIV-infected patients, suggesting potential benefits in disease management. The study's findings support exploring the role of statins as an anti-inflammatory therapy for HIV.
A meta-analysis of 13 studies found that using cloth or paper to clean the vagina and intravaginal cleaning with soap increase the risk of HIV infection. The study also linked these practices to bacterial vaginosis and disrupted vaginal flora, which can lead to increased susceptibility to HIV.
A vaccine that induces antibodies in vaginal tissue is sufficient to protect monkeys from HIV exposure, challenging traditional blood-based immunity approaches. The study found mucosal antibodies can block viral entry without neutralizing effects in the bloodstream.
A study found that infants exposed to HIV at birth but not infected had lower antibody levels to diseases like pertussis, tetanus, and pneumococcus. This group is vulnerable to infections and has higher mortality rates compared to uninfected infants.
Babies born to HIV-infected mothers have lower antibody levels, making them more susceptible to illnesses like pneumonia and meningitis. Vaccination shows promise in boosting their immune response.
A recent study published in PLoS Medicine found that Zimbabwe's HIV epidemic has declined dramatically, with the percentage of infected individuals dropping from 29% to 16% between 1997 and 2007. The researchers attribute this change to improved public awareness of AIDS deaths and a subsequent fear of infection.
Researchers discovered a specific immune cell population that maintains immunity in the intestine of mice, producing anti-microbial proteins to fight infection. Elimination of these cells led to impaired immunity and ultimately mouse death.
Australian scientists successfully cleared a HIV-like infection from mice by boosting interleukin-7's function, allowing the host to completely clear virus. This finding could lead to new therapies targeting host immune cells to fight disease.
A new study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases found that 36 patients out of 1,800 HIV-infected men were diagnosed with hepatitis C, with 25% having a history of injection drug use. The study emphasizes the need for continued screening and awareness of risk behaviors among HIV-infected individuals.
Teenage girls and young women infected with HIV are more likely to get pregnant and experience pregnancy complications compared to their HIV-negative peers. The study found that behaviorally acquired HIV-infected teens were seven times more likely to have multiple pregnancies than those infected at birth.
A recent study found that despite a significant decline in HIV infection rates, new cases of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have declined only slightly among injection drug users. The findings suggest that current prevention efforts must be intensified to reduce the risk of HCV infection, particularly among younger IDUs.
A UCLA study reveals HIV causes rapid aging in CD4+ T-cells, leading to accelerated aging and increased risk of age-related diseases. Researchers found that infected individuals exhibit premature telomere shortening, a hallmark of cellular aging.
Researchers develop an innovative genetic strategy that transfers a bacterial gene into CD4+ T-cells, making them resistant to HIV infection. The MazF protein destroys gene transcripts, preventing protein synthesis and effectively blocking HIV replication.
A study published in Hepatology found that HIV-infected patients with liver cancer have a higher risk of dropping off the transplantation wait list compared to HIV-negative patients. Despite this, overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates are not significantly affected following liver transplantation.
Scientists have discovered that HIV uses the molecule rNTP to replicate inside macrophages, allowing it to evade the immune system. By targeting this molecule, researchers may be able to develop new drugs to stop the virus in its hiding spot within the human immune system.
Research suggests that people with HIV are up to three times more likely to experience a stroke than those without the condition. The study found a 67% increase in stroke hospitalizations among people with HIV, despite a decline in overall stroke rates.
Researchers found a significant rise in stroke diagnoses among HIV-infected patients between 1997 and 2006, with ischemic strokes being the primary cause. The study suggests that HAART therapy may be linked to an increased risk of stroke due to metabolic complications, highlighting the need for further research.
A study of over 2,000 US patients found greater HIV/AIDS-related morbidity among women, nonwhites, and those from the southern US. The disparities were attributed to socioeconomic factors beyond biological influences.
Researchers have gained insight into HIV's structure and how it infects healthy cells. The study provides key information to develop treatments that stop HIV from entering cells.
Researchers studied TB detection methods in western Kenya and found that passive case finding is inadequate due to the high prevalence of HIV. Intensive methods like sputum culture are needed to diagnose TB earlier and more accurately, especially among men and those with prior TB treatment.
New findings reveal that broadly-reactive neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) develop earlier than previously thought, in some cases as soon as a year after infection. These antibodies target only a few regions of HIV, making it easier to design new immunogens and protocols for vaccine development.
The RTS,S/AS01E vaccine provides sustained protection against malaria for at least 15 months after vaccination, making it a promising public-health intervention. The vaccine works by attacking the malaria parasite in its early stages, preventing infection of red blood cells and serious symptoms.
A study by the Rakai Health Sciences Program in Uganda found that male circumcision significantly reduced high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in female partners of HIV-negative men. The protection is partial, and safe sex practices remain essential. Circumcision also increased clearance of HPV infections in women.
A new study by Stanford University School of Medicine researchers found that expanded HIV screening and treatment could prevent up to 212,000 new infections over the next 20 years. The strategy of one-time screening for low-risk individuals and annual screening for high-risk individuals is cost-effective.
Researchers found that Echinacea has no significant effect on reducing the duration or severity of cold symptoms. In contrast, a diet rich in whole-fat dairy products may help lower the risk of developing diabetes due to increased levels of trans-palmitoleate. Exercise and Vitamin D supplements are also recommended as effective interve...
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have identified a major pathway that infected cells use to root out Epstein-Barr virus infections, which can cause cancer in people with compromised immune systems. The study found that two enzymes play a critical role in mediating this response and preventing unchecked cell growth.
A study by Young and Rice found that online social networking has both positive and negative effects on sexual risk behaviors in homeless youth, with potential for increased risks but also opportunities for effective health communication and information portals.
The US PLWHA death rate decreased from 1996-2006, with a sharp drop in AIDS-defining illnesses, while non-HIV related diseases like heart disease and liver disease increased, according to CDC analysis.
A new cell-based assay system, EASY-HIT, has been developed to identify HIV inhibitors and measure their potency. The technology, led by Professor Ruth Brack-Werner, can also detect anti-HIV activities in raw plant extracts and has already discovered novel sources of antiviral activities.
Researchers are conducting a large-scale clinical trial to investigate whether treating people with HIV soon after infection can limit damage to the immune system. The SPARTAC trial, which began in 2004, is following 371 individuals across eight countries and has the potential to change how HIV is managed worldwide.
Researchers found that certain mutations in the virus render it ineffective against drugs, but also impair its ability to kill immune cells. This discovery may lead to a new diagnostic tool and more effective treatments for HIV patients.
Researchers have found that the HIV virus triggers an immune response in CD4 T cells due to incomplete reverse transcription, leading to cell death. The study's findings suggest that targeting the cell sensor responsible for this response could lead to new treatment strategies.
Researchers at Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology discover how HIV promotes the death of CD4 T cells by infecting them with a failed form of viral replication. This process leads to the depletion of these critical immune cells, ultimately causing AIDS.
The iPrEx trial found that once-daily TDF/FTC significantly reduced HIV risk among participants receiving a comprehensive prevention package, emphasizing the importance of adherence to the drug regimen. The results support PrEP as a promising prevention intervention for gay men and other men who have sex with men.
A clinical trial known as iPrEx found that taking antiretroviral drugs daily can significantly reduce the risk of HIV infection among men who have sex with men. The study involved 2,499 participants and showed a nearly 44% lower rate of HIV infections in those taking the drug.
The Global iPrEx study found that daily use of the oral antiretroviral combination pill was 44% effective in reducing risk of HIV infection in men who have sex with men. Risk of HIV infection fell by 50.2% among participants who took the pill at least 50% of the days.
A daily dose of Truvada reduced HIV infection risk by 43.8% among men who have sex with men, with up to 72.8% effectiveness among adherent participants. The study provides strong evidence for PrEP as an HIV prevention strategy.
A major study demonstrates the effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in reducing HIV infection risk in high-risk individuals. The iPrEx study found that PrEP reduced HIV infections by an average of 43.8% in participants who received the medication, with consistent use providing even greater protection.
A Johns Hopkins study found that delayed HIV treatment adds tens of thousands of dollars in care costs and reduces survival rates. Patients who wait too long to receive treatment require more expensive antiretroviral therapy, antibiotics, and hospitalizations.
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital discovered that some HIV antibodies target the protein in its final form, making them ineffective. The team proposes designing immunogens to trap the protein in an intermediate state, preventing further structural rearrangements and blocking membrane fusion.
Early and abundant HIV antibodies are ineffective in blocking infection due to their inability to recognize the virus until it has invaded a healthy cell. The study reveals that the virus creates two versions of the 'Achilles heel' that different types of antibodies need to target, making effective defense challenging.
Researchers used phylogenetic analysis to pinpoint the source of HIV infections in two separate cases, revealing that defendants knowingly spread the virus to multiple partners. The study demonstrates the potential for evolutionary forensics to exonerate falsely accused and convict those responsible.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine and UT Austin used molecular evolution analysis to identify the source of HIV infections in two criminal cases. They found that a single virus, with up to 75% of infections resulting from a single ancestral strain, could be linked to the infected individuals.
Researchers discovered that activated T cells play a key role in IRIS, producing excessive interferon gamma and triggering an exaggerated immune response. A new animal model also confirmed the involvement of macrophages in sparking IRIS. These findings may lead to targeted prevention or therapy for HIV patients developing IRIS.
The Miriam Hospital will conduct research on HIV testing, treatment, and linkage to care for prison inmates, with a focus on improving follow-up care after release. The hospital aims to address the disproportionate number of HIV-positive individuals in the criminal justice system.
A new study by Johns Hopkins researchers reveals a large burden of syphilis infection and high-risk behaviors among male clients of female sex workers in Sichuan province. The study found that 30% of these males practiced consistent condom use, highlighting the need for effective interventions to prevent HIV transmission.
Research reveals that tiny variants in a protein called HLA-B are associated with immune system's ability to control HIV infection. The study identifies five amino acid sites critical to the protein's function, providing insights into the genetic basis of natural immunity.
CONRAD will receive funding to develop vaginal rings that provide both contraceptive and HIV prevention, addressing unintended pregnancies and HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. The grant aims to improve reproductive health choices for women and prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS.
A Danish study reveals that schistosomiasis causes sores in women's reproductive organs, making them more susceptible to HIV infections. Younger women with the parasite are more likely to receive effective treatment and prevention programs.
Scientists at Weill Cornell Medical College have identified a potential new treatment for the Nipah and Hendra viruses, which are lethal and emerging viruses with no current treatment or vaccine available. The approach uses cholesterol-tagged peptides to target the membrane where the virus fuses with host cells, preventing infection.
A recent study in The Lancet Infectious Diseases identified herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus as the most common causes of encephalitis in the UK. However, up to 85% of patients worldwide have an unknown cause, emphasizing the need for further research to improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes.
A new research method has provided unprecedented clarity on the behavior of the HIV protein Gag, which plays critical roles in the assembly of the human immunodeficiency virus. The study reveals new conformations of the protein and offers potential avenues for developing antiviral drugs.
Two NIH-funded studies influenced the WHO's revision of its guidelines for treating HIV-infected women and infants. The studies found that a single dose of nevirapine to prevent mother-to-child transmission can hamper the drug's effectiveness if used later as part of a treatment regimen. As a result, the new guidelines advise against u...