Articles tagged with Hiv Infections
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The importance of full reproductive and sexual health rights cannot be overstated when it comes to achieving international health goals aimed at improving maternal health. Access to family planning resources, including contraception and abortion, is vital for women's empowerment and control over their lives.
In a groundbreaking study, researchers found that antiretroviral drug combinations given to pregnant and breastfeeding women in Botswana prevented 99% of the mothers from transmitting HIV to their infants. The study's findings have significant implications for maternal health and child survival in developing nations.
A longitudinal study found that women in relationships with low equality had a higher incidence of HIV compared to those with medium or high relationship power, highlighting the importance of addressing gender-based abuse and inequity in preventing HIV infection.
Researchers found that adding nucleic acid testing to HIV screening can detect the presence of HIV earlier, increasing detection yield by 23%. A large majority of study participants received negative test results via automated phone or internet systems. The findings suggest that such programs can help control the HIV epidemic.
Researchers will investigate person-to-person transmission of XDR-TB using advanced epidemiologic techniques and social network analysis. The findings could alter public health approaches for controlling the XDR-TB epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa.
Dr Pellegrini's research focuses on HIV, tuberculosis, and how the human immune system responds to these infections. His work aims to develop therapies that target the host immune system to eradicate chronic infections.
A recent study found that antiretroviral treatment (ART) significantly reduces the risk of HIV transmission in heterosexual couples, with a 92% lower rate of transmission among those on ART compared to those not on treatment. The greatest benefit was seen in individuals with CD4 counts below 200 cells per μL.
A large multinational study found that antiretroviral therapy (ART) significantly reduces HIV transmission risk, with 349 HIV-infected partners initiating ART at a rate of 90% HIV transmission reduction. Regular CD4 measurements and counseling services were provided to all couples.
Research suggests that using lubricants during receptive anal intercourse can increase the risk of rectal sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. A study involving nearly 900 men and women found that those who used lubricants were three times more likely to have a rectal STI.
New research highlights the risk of drug resistance if routine ARV screening is not done, particularly in people unknowingly infected. Studies suggest that incorporating regular testing and monitoring can mitigate this risk, emphasizing the importance of routine HIV testing in any prevention program using ARVs.
A new study has found that pregnancy doubles the risk of HIV transmission to men, with their risk increasing by double if their partner is both HIV-infected and pregnant. Researchers have also tested a vaginal microbicide in pregnant women, finding that it shows promise for preventing HIV transmission.
Researchers tested a vaginal microbicide gel containing an integrase inhibitor and found it provided significant protection against infection with a virus similar to HIV. The study showed promise for further evaluation of integrase inhibitors as a potential method for preventing HIV transmission in uninfected individuals.
New scientific advances offer significant promise for reducing the spread of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis, including novel TB drugs, rapid diagnostic tests and bold prevention approaches like PrEP. Experts call for policymakers to capitalize on these advances to save millions of lives from these deadly epidemics.
HIV-infected patients have altered balance between Th17 and Treg cells, leading to endless cycle of inflammation and viral persistence. Pharmacological inhibitors of IDO1 may lead to new therapeutic approaches for controlling HIV disease.
The European Union has approved a new, inexpensive Hepatitis B test that delivers accurate results within half an hour, enabling doctors to take immediate action on health decisions. The test is expected to make a significant impact in helping to curb the spread of disease and has been developed with support from the Wellcome Trust.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have found a new mechanism by which CD8+ T cells control HIV. The discovery highlights the antiviral activity of prothymosin-alpha, a tiny protein that stimulates interferon production to block viral replication.
A recent study found that frequent alcohol consumption is associated with a faster decline in CD4+ cell counts in individuals with HIV disease. The research, conducted over 30 months, suggests that alcohol has a direct impact on CD4 cells and accelerates immune system decline.
Researchers have discovered that individuals with a specific HLA B57 gene carry more potent killer T cells, which can recognize and attack HIV-infected cells. This finding may lead to the development of vaccines that provoke a similar response in people without the gene.
Researchers at UCLA have imaged a virus structure at an atomic resolution of 3.3 angstroms using cryo-electron microscopy, allowing them to study the virus's functionality in its native environment. This breakthrough demonstrates the potential of Cryo-EM for producing high-resolution images of biological samples.
A new HIV modeling system developed by Chinese researchers suggests that CD8+ T cells could be useful in developing an AIDS vaccine. The model incorporates random patterns in the virus' mutation and immune response, mirroring real-life clinical behavior.
Researchers found that antibodies from HIV-infected Africans bind to LPS, blocking protective 'killing' antibodies. Removing these antibodies allows for effective killing of Salmonella bacteria. The study identifies potential alternative vaccine targets in outer membrane proteins.
Long-term elder care residents, HIV-infected and hemodialysis patients are at increased risk of carrying MRSA in their noses. The study found varying quantities of MRSA, with some individuals having as few as 3 colonies and others up to 15 million.
Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center discovered that morphine protects rat neurons against HIV toxicity, a finding that might help design new neuroprotective therapies. Morphine inhibited HIV protein gp120 and induced production of CCL5, which suppresses HIV infection.
A recent study by Johns Hopkins Medicine found that most sexually active male teens receive inadequate HIV and STI counseling during doctor visits, even among those with high-risk behaviors. The study highlights the need for better counseling to minimize risky behaviors.
New strains of Salmonella are emerging in HIV-infected individuals in Africa, causing severe disease by invading blood and bone marrow cells. These multi-drug resistant strains can lead to death in one in four cases due to the loss of immune cells in HIV patients.
Researchers at McMaster University have discovered a new mechanism by which HIV infects women, exploiting the breakdown of the mucosal barrier in the intestinal and female genital tract. This breakthrough understanding could lead to the development of more effective prevention strategies, such as microbicides and vaccines.
Researchers at the IRCM discovered a way to counteract HIV-1's interference with Tetherin, a host protein that prevents viral transmission. The Vpu protein neutralizes Tetherin, allowing HIV-1 to spread and infect cells more easily. This finding could lead to the development of new strategies to combat HIV-1.
Researchers at Emory University have successfully developed a clinical test for XMRV, a retrovirus linked to prostate cancer, using neutralizing antibody assay technology. The test has been confirmed by two independent labs and technologies, providing confidence in its accuracy.
Researchers at Duke University found that Peregrine's PS-targeting antibodies can block the CCR5 receptor, a key portal for HIV to gain entry into blood cells. The study showed potent ability to induce specific effects that impact viruses, inducing β-chemokines to block HIV entry.
Researchers have uncovered the three-dimensional structure of a key protein found on the surface of a specific HIV-1 subgroup, providing valuable insights for vaccine design. The discovery reveals unusual autoreactivity between an anti-HIV antibody and the CD4 receptor, raising questions about potential autoimmune responses.
A recent study by OHSU researchers explains how cytomegalovirus (CMV) can overcome the immune system's defenses to re-infect individuals. The virus is able to evade a key portion of the immune system called CD8+ T cells, allowing it to re-infect despite a strong and long-lasting immune response.
A study analyzed factors associated with HBsAg loss in HIV-HBV co-infected patients. Higher baseline CD4 cell counts were linked to increased loss of HBsAg, suggesting effective T-cell response against HBV. The research contributes to understanding predictors of HBsAg loss and its implications for management.
Computer modeling and systems biology approaches can help tailor treatments to individuals, predicting disease progression and identifying host genes that affect viral development. This approach may lead to more effective treatment, detection, and prevention of future pandemics.
The study found that 58.9% of kidney transplant candidates would accept a kidney from a donor at increased risk of viral infection under some conditions, while 17.7% always accepted them. Patients on dialysis and older patients more commonly accepted such kidneys.
A study published in Respiratory Research reveals that older people and those infected with HIV are at higher risk of contracting and dying from tuberculosis. The research identified factors linked to treatment abandonment and deaths, including lack of understanding, injection drug use, and age over 50 or HIV infection.
Researchers at Rush University Medical Center found a significant association between HIV infection and community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) rates. CA-MRSA cases were nearly six-fold higher in HIV-infected patients compared to those without HIV, highlighting the need for education and research into preventive strategies.
The National Guard Health Affairs in Saudi Arabia has been recognized for its efforts to reduce healthcare-associated infections, including an 82% reduction in central line associated BSI rates and an 80% reduction in surgical site infection rates. The organization's multidisciplinary team approach has been key to its success.
Researchers found that minocycline effectively targets and reduces HIV replication in immune cells, providing an additional layer of defense against the virus. The antibiotic may improve current treatment regimens for HIV-infected patients when used in combination with HAART.
Researchers have identified BanLec, a lectin in bananas, as an effective anti-HIV agent that can inhibit HIV infection by binding to the sugar-rich HIV-1 envelope protein. This discovery could lead to the development of new microcides to prevent sexual transmission of HIV.
Researchers identify a new reservoir for hidden HIV-infected cells in bone marrow, which can serve as a factory for new infections. The discovery opens up new possibilities for treating HIV, particularly for individuals who have been taking anti-viral drugs for their entire life.
Researchers found that single-dose nevirapine can trigger resistance to AIDS-drug cocktail, but this resistance fades after 12 months. Women who need treatment within a year of using nevirapine for HIV prevention can use standard ART regimens.
Dendritic cells produce higher levels of α-defensins 1-3, associated with slower HIV disease progression and potential therapeutic implications. The findings open a new line of investigation for treating HIV/AIDS.
A recent Institute of Medicine report reveals 3.5-5.3 million people in the US have chronic HBV or HCV infections. Efforts to control these diseases are hindered by lack of knowledge among healthcare providers and the public, resulting in 15,000 deaths from liver cancer or related diseases annually.
Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine presented Phase II trial data on Lexgenleucel-T, a cell and gene therapy product for HIV treatment. The study showed 88% of evaluable subjects had a decrease in viral load set point, with one subject maintaining complete control of HIV viremia for over 14 weeks.
A comprehensive population-based study by BC-CfE found that increased HAART coverage was associated with a significant decrease in new yearly HIV infections among injection drug users, resulting in improved health outcomes. The initiative aims to expand HIV treatment and care services for hard-to-reach populations.
A new study finds that aciclovir, used to treat herpes simplex virus type 2, can reduce the risk of HIV-1 disease progression by 16% in patients co-infected with both conditions. The treatment also delays CD4 cell count decline and reduces HIV transmission.
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego, have discovered that HIV RNA in seminal plasma is transmitted during sex, not HIV DNA. This finding has significant implications for developing prevention strategies, including vaccines and microbicides to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted HIV.
A recent study found that the majority of TB-HIV co-infection cases in San Diego are now among Hispanics, highlighting a significant shift in the disease's ethnic makeup. The results emphasize the need for targeted binational prevention efforts to address the widening health disparities.
A study of 58 Ukrainian children with and without HIV found that family care was better for children's physical growth and cognitive performance than institutional care. The quality of the relationship between caregivers and children had a significant impact on their development.
A new vaccine against tuberculosis has been shown to be effective in preventing the disease in people with HIV infection. The DarDar Health Study found that the Mycobacterium vaccae (MV) vaccine reduced the rate of definite tuberculosis by 39 percent among 2,000 HIV-infected patients in Tanzania.
A new study has found that acyclovir, a common medication used to treat herpes symptoms, does not reduce the transmission of HIV. The research, conducted in seven sub-Saharan countries, suggests that frequent genital herpes recurrences can increase HIV levels in the blood and genital tract.
Researchers have developed a new compound, EFdA, that is 60,000 times more potent than current HIV therapies and can protect cells for longer periods. This compound has the potential to be used in vaginal gels or creams as an alternative preventative strategy for women whose partners refuse to use condoms.
Researchers found HIV reduces brain blood flow even among young patients, accelerating the aging process. Blood flow in HIV brains is comparable to that of uninfected individuals 15-20 years older.
A five-year international study found that acyclovir suppressive therapy did not reduce the risk of HIV transmission in couples where one partner had both HIV and HSV-2. The study revealed significant reductions in plasma HIV levels and genital ulcers, but no impact on HIV transmission.
Researchers found that Helicobacter pylori infection may enhance immunity against tuberculosis by inducing expression of interferon gamma and other cytokines. This protection may help determine whether someone infected with TB gets a latent or active disease, offering potential new insights into managing the disease.
A new Rwandan study finds that circumcising newborn males is more cost-effective than adult male circumcision for HIV prevention. The operation costs just $15 per child, compared to $59 for adults, and can save millions in treatment costs.
Researchers found that an early immune response is key in controlling the spread of HTLV-1, a virus that causes adult T-cell leukemia and inflammatory diseases. Providing fewer immune cells for the virus to attack at a critical time can significantly reduce the infection's severity.
A Zambian study suggests halting breastfeeding early harms children born to HIV-positive mothers, increasing mortality. Longer breastfeeding protects against fatal infectious diseases in low-resource settings.
A study published in the Journal of Infectious Diseases found that each additional 1.1 pounds of birth weight decreases tuberculosis risk by 46% among identical twins. The association is stronger for males, with an 87% reduced risk, and sheds light on the developmental origins of health and disease.
A Massachusetts General Hospital study found significantly more coronary atherosclerotic plaques and obstructive coronary artery disease in HIV-infected men with minimal cardiac risk factors. The research highlights the importance of addressing cardiovascular risk factors early in HIV disease.