Articles tagged with Hiv Infections
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Researchers have identified a cholesterol-depleting agent, beta-cyclodextrin, that blocks the transmission of cell-associated HIV. This novel approach targets the migration of white blood cells in semen or cervical mucus carrying HIV and offers a promising method for disease prevention.
Researchers have developed a mouse model to study the transmission of cell-associated HIV in women, finding that hormonal treatments and agents disrupting lipid rafts can prevent infection. The study reveals the importance of understanding cell-associated HIV transmission for developing effective prevention strategies.
A new UCSF study reveals that the KSHV epidemic in San Francisco gay men occurred before the HIV epidemic, and was linked to oral intercourse. The study found a steady prevalence of KSHV infection among gay men from 1978 to 1995, despite a significant decline in unprotected anal intercourse.
A new HIV treatment potential has been discovered through protein discovery by Rutgers cell biologist, Dr. Firestein. The identified protein, HP68, plays a crucial role in the assembly of HIV capsids, and disrupting its interaction with Gag proteins may stop HIV production.
Researchers developed a technique to stimulate T cells with CD28 receptors, making them resistant to HIV infection. The method showed significant improvements in the ratio of CD4 cells to other T cells, indicating sustained immune system recovery.
A recent analysis of 31 studies found that individuals with HSV-2 infection are twice as likely to contract HIV, with up to half of cases attributed to preceding HSV-2 infection. The study highlights the importance of controlling HSV-2 infection in preventing HIV acquisition.
Researchers identified a genetic anomaly in mice resistant to the ecotropic murine leukemia virus, a major cancer-causing virus. By analyzing proteins, they found a defective protein that blocks viral entry, potentially leading to new gene therapies for humans.
Researchers developed a fast laboratory test to study and design new compounds blocking HIV molecular components before infection. The test accelerates the discovery process, allowing pharmaceutical companies to target the entire preintegration complex, a critical step in HIV replication.
The University of Pittsburgh will conduct a long-term study on the impact of alcohol use and abuse on aging veterans with and without HIV. The study, VACS 5, aims to identify health and quality of life effects of alcohol consumption among this population.
Two independent studies show that HIV infection increases T-cell death and proliferation, leading to a decline in CD4+ T cells. The accelerated division of existing T cells contributes to the immunodeficiency associated with HIV, rather than blocking new cell production.
Researchers at Brookhaven Lab have identified a new approach to developing antiviral agents by targeting the protease enzyme used by adenoviruses. The three-pronged therapy approach may overcome drug resistance, as mutations affecting one site are less likely to affect others.
The survey found rising numbers of heterosexual partners, concurrent relationships, and STI cases, with women experiencing more significant increases. Early age at first intercourse was linked to higher pregnancy rates and lower condom use.
According to Roger J. Pomerantz, M.D., physicians should treat HIV-infected individuals when their CD4 lymphocyte count is below 350 or their HIV RNA level exceeds 50,000, rather than immediately upon diagnosis.
A questionnaire surveyed junior doctors in two London teaching hospitals and found that nearly all were aware of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) but many lacked knowledge on its use. The study highlights the need for improved education on PEP among medical professionals to prevent occupationally acquired HIV infections.
A recent study by Ohio State University researchers found that gay men tend to weigh the benefits and drawbacks of revealing their HIV status, with over half disclosing to family and 63% telling friends. The top reasons for disclosure included keeping others safe and seeking understanding.
A new study reveals that HIV-specific CD4+ T cells persist in infected individuals, but high virus levels suppress their proliferative response. The research provides clues on how the virus manipulates the immune system for its own survival and challenges the notion of long-term nonprogressors.
Researchers find HIV attachment to rafts is crucial for replication, and cholesterol-lowering drugs may help disrupt this process. Depleting cholesterol from rafts using compounds significantly reduces HIV's ability to infect new cells.
Researchers developed a dendritic cell-based vaccination that targets opportunistic fungal infections, offering hope for prevention and treatment of these infections. The vaccine demonstrated promise in preclinical studies, paving the way for further investigation and potential clinical implementation.
The North-Central California Center for AIDS Research aims to address HIV infection patterns, develop prevention strategies and improve treatment outcomes. The center will foster collaboration between researchers and clinicians to advance knowledge of HIV and its impact on rural communities.
Results from two independent studies show omega interferon's antiviral effect against all HCV genotypes, reducing virus to undetectable levels. The treatment also appeared to be well-tolerated by patients, with progressive anti-hepatitis C effects reported.
A study found that HIV-1 shedding in female genital secretions is common, with 57% of women having RNA present. High plasma RNA concentrations are the best predictor for risk of transmission. Women on antiretroviral therapy may still be at risk of transmitting the virus to their partners or babies.
A study published in The Lancet found that HIV-positive women can shed the virus in their genital tracts even when their blood levels are low, posing a risk of transmission to others. The researchers analyzed samples from 311 HIV-positive women and found that about a third had HIV-1 shedding in their genital region.
Two reports on HBV infection shed light on the effectiveness of vaccination programs in reducing the disease rate and carrier state. A study found that 70% of carriers recovered within ten years after treatment, while a nationwide vaccination program for adults is crucial to prevent further transmission.
A study in Orel, Russia, has found a significant increase in tuberculosis cases linked to growing HIV infections. The authors call for better surveillance and public health measures to prevent further spread.
Researchers found that HHV-6 inhibits early-stage HIV variants by blocking CCR5 receptors, slowing their reproduction. The harmless herpesvirus may create favorable conditions for later-stage HIV variants that use CXCR4 receptors.
A study of 13 HIV-positive men found that those with high levels of autonomic nervous system activity responded less well to antiretroviral treatment, with some experiencing no immune recovery. Stress accelerates AIDS progression by increasing viral replication and making it harder for the body to fight off the infection.
In a phase IIa trial, TMC125 demonstrated a rapid and strong antiviral effect, reducing HIV viral loads by up to 99.9%. The study showed that 8 out of 12 patients had their viral loads reduced to less than 400 copies/ml without any rebound or drug resistance.
Researchers found that infected individuals can transmit HIV to others through a single sexual encounter, often before developing flu-like symptoms. The study emphasizes the importance of not engaging in unsafe sex and highlights the need for early intervention to prevent rapid epidemic spread.
Researchers at Gladstone Institute discover HIV can infect naïve T cells, explaining how T-cell numbers diminish and leave the body susceptible to opportunistic infections. Infected naïve cells die, eliminating immune system's ability to respond to opportunistic infections characteristic of AIDS.
Local experts urge a $300 million increase in Ryan White/CARE Act funding to ensure stable medical care and treatment for newly diagnosed patients. HIV infection can be managed as a chronic disease with access to services and new anti-AIDS drugs.
Dr. Anthony S. Fauci has been recognized for his significant contributions to understanding the regulation of the human immune response and the pathogenesis of HIV disease. He has developed effective therapies for formerly fatal diseases and has pioneered strategies for therapy and immune reconstitution of patients with AIDS.
The collaboration between Myriad Genetics and the University of Utah revealed that the Tsg101 protein is essential for HIV1 budding, allowing for the disruption of the virus lifecycle. This breakthrough led to the identification of potential HIV drug targets, with lead compounds developed for anti-HIV therapy.
A study found that 81.6% of injection drug users in Vancouver had hepatitis C antibodies, with 62 new cases reported among those initially negative. Risk factors for infection included female sex, cocaine use, and frequent needle-exchange program attendance.
Researchers are enrolling patients in a clinical trial to investigate the safety and tolerability of early antiretroviral therapy for recently infected HIV patients. The study aims to determine whether early intervention can reduce disease progression, viral mutations, and immune system damage.
New study reveals how HIV subverts the immune system by mimicking other enemy invaders, rendering T cells unable to detect infection and cancer. This understanding will aid in developing new AIDS therapies targeting vulnerable points of HIV infection.
Researchers predict that 42% of all HIV cases will be drug-resistant by 2005, mainly due to the conversion of drug-sensitive cases during antiretroviral therapy. The study recommends four epidemic-control strategies to minimize prevalence and transmission of drug-resistant HIV.
A genetic mutation in the CCR5 gene provides protection against HIV infection, slowing the spread of AIDS in African populations. Studies suggest that this mutation may be more common in European populations due to historical epidemics.
Researchers found that bisexual and homosexual Caucasian men with one copy of the delta-32 mutation have a 70% reduced risk of HIV infection compared to those without the mutation. The study, published in the Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, provides insight into resistance to HIV infection among high-risk populations.
Researchers discovered that HIV DNA serves as a template to produce viral proteins Nef and Tat, bringing CD4 T cells out of their resting state. Non-integrated HIV DNA contributes to disease progression, despite not producing new viruses.
A study found that socially stressed mice were twice as likely to die after infection with a compound than physically stressed mice. The researchers believe social stress intensified the immune response, leading to toxic shock and organ damage.
Dr. Duane Grandgenett receives nearly a million dollars in grants to study ways of inhibiting HIV replication in humans. He aims to develop an HIV inhibitor targeting the integrase protein, which plays a crucial role in the virus's survival.
A hospital-based study in Malawi found that children with HIV were less likely to develop rotavirus infection and shed the virus, but were more likely to die from diarrhea. The study's results encourage further research into the safety of rotavirus vaccines for HIV-infected infants.
A UCSF study of exclusive receptive oral intercourse with a male partner found a very low probability of acquiring HIV. The study involved 198 participants, none of whom contracted HIV through oral sex.
Researchers found that HIV-induced changes in B cells lead to dysfunctional antibody production and increased risk of cancer. The study provides a key tool to investigate how HIV causes B-cell malfunction and may lead to the development of new treatments for HIV-infected individuals.
Researchers at the University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute have engineered rats to contain the genome of HIV-1, making them a valuable model for studying AIDS-related diseases. The rats develop clinical signs similar to those of AIDS in humans, including neurological abnormalities and organ damage.
A new study finds that a behavioral intervention program significantly reduces the incidence of risky sex behavior and transmission of HIV among HIV-positive men and women. The program, which included lessons on coping with HIV-related stress and promoting safer sex practices, led to increased condom use and reduced transmission rates.
A Johns Hopkins study finds that removing cholesterol from a cell's membrane can completely block HIV transmission. Researchers used microbicides containing a starchy substance that drains cholesterol, allowing for reduced or stopped HIV transmission.
Researchers found that minor mutations can significantly impair the immune system's ability to recognize and attack the virus. This means that vaccines targeting these regions may be less effective due to evolving strains of the virus.
Researchers have developed a new HIV vaccine that provides full protection against vaginal transmission of an HIV-like virus. The vaccine combines elements of the successful Sabin oral poliovirus vaccine with genetic fragments of the AIDS virus, triggering a robust immune response.
STI rates have soared since the 1990s, with HIV infection remaining high. In contrast, the 1980s saw significant declines in HIV transmission and bacterial infections when targeted awareness campaigns were implemented, highlighting the need for new campaigns to tackle these trends.
Gladstone researchers identified a key protein on cells that can be targeted to block Ebola and Marburg virus entry. This finding offers new hope for developing treatments against these deadly viruses.
Researchers followed women with advanced disease to see which HIV variants remain after HAART. They found that R5 viruses can re-emerge as the predominant population following treatment.
Agenerase ™ demonstrates promising once-daily dosing results, allowing for simplified HIV therapy. The amprenavir prodrug, VX-175, offers significant simplification of protease inhibitor-based treatment by enabling daily dosing of just two or three pills.
A recent study found that problem drinkers with HIV are more likely to take their medications off schedule, highlighting the importance of screening for alcohol problems among persons with HIV infection. Nearly half of problem drinkers reported taking medication off schedule during the previous week.
The UNC-CH AIDS clinic in Robeson County offers treatment and care to HIV-positive patients near their homes, addressing a significant problem in the area's high sexually transmitted disease rates. The clinic is supported by a $100,000 grant and covers costs for indigent patients through Medicaid and private insurance.
Jay Levy, MD, argues that an HIV vaccine aiming to reduce virus levels in blood and genital fluids could play a crucial role in controlling the epidemic. This approach would delay disease development and suppress the virus worldwide, rather than achieving sterilizing immunity.
A team of researchers has developed an experimental HIV-1 vaccine specifically designed to combat the rising HIV epidemic in Nigeria, where the strain is unique and anti-HIV drugs are largely unavailable. The vaccine uses innovative technologies to induce strong antiviral immunity and has shown promising results in preclinical testing.
Researchers have synthesized a protein called 5-Helix that jams the HIV grappling hook, preventing infection. The protein is stable and resistant to degradation, making it a promising candidate for injectable therapy.
Researchers design 5-Helix protein to block HIV entry into human cells, offering a promising alternative to current treatments. The protein has potential applications as a broad-spectrum inhibitor against various viruses and could serve as a model for generating antibodies against HIV.
A study found that weight loss lowered high-normal blood pressure in overweight adults, but only a small percentage maintained substantial weight loss over three years. Another study discovered that scuba diving increases the risk of brain lesions due to decompression illnesses and heart abnormalities.