Articles tagged with Hiv Infections
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The University of Pittsburgh has developed a new organ culture model to study HIV transmission in women, which could lead to breakthroughs in barrier medications and prevention strategies. The model, described in the journal Nature Medicine, closely mimics the stratified cell layers present at sites of sexual transmission in women.
Researchers have found that CD8 cells can stop human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in its tracks even when added to infected CD4 cells. This finding suggests a new approach to controlling the spread of HIV and could lead to potential therapeutic strategies.
Scientists identify a feature common to the immune systems of long-term nonprogressors that enables them to resist disease. The discovery links HLA B*5701 gene to immune resistance in HIV-infected individuals, offering new insights into mechanisms of immune defense.
Researchers at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center discovered a secondary retroviral receptor, dubbed FELIX, crucial for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection. This discovery may provide a window into the pathway of retroviruses like HIV and potentially lead to therapies that disable the virus.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have created a vaccine using a weakened rabies virus to carry an HIV envelope protein into cells, prompting the immune system to produce anti-HIV antibodies. The successful test in mice lends promise to eventually developing a human vaccine against HIV.
Researchers discovered that HIV attaches to immature immune cells called dendritic cells on mucosal surfaces, allowing it to infect the rest of the immune system. A specific dendritic cell receptor called DC-SIGN is identified as the key entry point for the virus.
Researchers have identified a crucial molecule, DC-SIGN, that enables the AIDS virus to hijack dendritic cells, transporting it to immune system tissues where it infects T-lymphocytes. This breakthrough offers new avenues for developing treatments and potentially vaccines to prevent HIV infection.
The conference aims to advance integrated approaches to prevention, treatment, and policy issues for people with drug problems and chronic infections. Over 1,000 experts will attend to share practical strategies for implementing coordinated services.
Researchers have developed an antitat gene therapy that blocks HIV replication in cells from infected patients, prolonging survival of immune system cells and potentially maintaining the virus in a dormant state. The approach combines genetic engineering and antisense technology, offering a promising new strategy for treating AIDS.
The new facility will enable researchers to conduct major studies on HIV-1C, a subtype responsible for more than half of the world's infections. The lab aims to identify prevention and treatment strategies to combat the spread of this devastating virus in southern Africa.
Case Western Reserve University has received a five-year, $10 million grant from the NIH to continue AIDS research that began 13 years ago. The grant enables area residents to participate in studies offering free HIV testing and newly developed drugs for treatment.
AIDS patients with CMV in their blood are at increased risk of death, a new study suggests. The study found that 90% of UNC's AIDS patients have CMV exposure, and those with detectable virus levels had an 11-fold increased risk of death.
Research finds that combining AIDS drugs with cesarean delivery can reduce the risk of transmitting HIV to babies. The study, conducted in North Carolina from 1998 to 1999, showed a significant decrease in HIV transmission rates after these interventions were implemented.
The University of California, San Francisco is set to conduct a pioneering study on liver and kidney transplantation in HIV-infected patients. The research aims to determine the safety and efficacy of these procedures in individuals with end-stage liver and kidney disease, which are often fatal due to co-infection with hepatitis C virus.
The updated Guidelines recommend using recently developed tests to determine virus resistance, guiding the selection of new drug regimens. The Panel emphasizes goals of therapy, including suppression of plasma viral load, restoration of immunologic function, and improvement of quality of life.
A new model predicts that expanding potent HIV therapies will limit infections and AIDS deaths, even with increased risk behavior and drug resistance. The model shows that treating more HIV-infected men will reduce infection rates and deaths below what they would be without treatment.
The new guidelines take into account the availability of new anti-retroviral drugs and expanded therapy choices. Recommendations include initiating therapy based on viral load and CD4 cell count, choosing individualized regimens, and monitoring treatment response with CD4 and HIV RNA levels.
The new guidelines take into account the availability of new antiretroviral drugs and expanded therapy choices, recommending individualized treatment plans with a focus on convenience and adherence. Most patients with HIV infection can now live fully active lives with carefully monitored therapy and regimen changes.
Physicians at UNC-CH and Duke will receive funding to support care for people living with AIDS across North Carolina and clinical trials promising further medical progress. The renewed national Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group (AACTG) funding reflects the quality of AIDS research and treatment in North Carolina.
Researchers found three distinct shedding patterns in HIV-positive men, related to viral sources and genetic strains. This discovery shifts the focus of AIDS vaccine research from blood-borne viruses to multiple strains in semen.
The Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group will receive $80 million in funding to continue studying antiviral interventions, immune system restoration, and opportunistic disease prevention. The network aims to improve patients' abilities to tolerate therapies and develop new strategies for treating HIV-related complications.
A new study published in the International Quarterly of Community Health Education found that campaigns to prevent high rates of HIV infections and AIDS along the Trans-Africa Highway are not working due to a lack of practical help like condoms. The research, conducted by a team from the University of Georgia and other institutions, fo...
A clinical study found that adefovir reduced viral load by an average of 60% in patients, but also caused kidney problems in about 60% of those taking the drug beyond 24 weeks. The drug is useful as an additional medication for building effective treatment combinations, but should be used with close monitoring.
Researchers found a consistent pattern of viral evolution in individuals who later progressed to full-blown AIDS, allowing for preclinical stage recognition. This prediction may help target therapies to prevent or slow disease progression.
A study of 700 street youth found that geographic mobility and high-risk behaviors contributed to the spread of HIV among young people. The majority of those infected were male, aged 23-25, with high levels of unprotected sex, prostitution, and intravenous drug use.
A new study has found that a molecular traffic signal, HIV matrix protein, controls two opposing functions regulating the virus' life cycle. This discovery provides new targets for creating molecular gridlock and halting virus growth.
Researchers link myxoma poxvirus to HIV-like immune deficiency in rabbits, supporting a new theory on the origins of HIV resistance. The discovery strengthens the hypothesis that smallpox may have imposed selective pressure for the CCR5 receptor mutation to persist.
The UCSF AIDS Research Institute is hosting a symposium to discuss strategies for preventing the second HIV epidemic. Experts will cover topics such as vaccine development, drug resistance, and post-exposure prevention.
A new analysis of the SUPPORT study found that less aggressive treatment for seriously ill elderly adults does not explain their higher short-term mortality rates. In contrast, reporting HIV-infected patients by name had a limited impact on timely care and partner notification.
A large-scale study found no clear evidence that name-based HIV reporting improves public health outcomes or increases timely medical care. Despite controversy, advocates argue the system helps notify partners and access healthcare, while opponents fear it deters testing.
Researchers discovered that humans carry a snippet of DNA resembling an HIV gene sequence, known as HERV-K, which has been present in the human genome for over 30 million years. The virus's Rev protein, similar to HIV's, helps with viral replication and may have implications for xenografts and viral infection strategies.
A study found that an HIV prevention program targeting young gay men through social networks and peer support significantly reduced unprotected anal intercourse. Participants reported increased enjoyment of safe sex and better communication with friends about safer sex practices.
Researchers found that even after highly sensitive tests detected no viable HIV, the virus quickly rebounded to substantial levels when therapy was stopped. The study suggests that eradicating HIV with current therapies is unlikely due to the presence of latent reservoirs that drugs cannot access.
Researchers have successfully developed an immunotoxin that kills over 99% of latent HIV-infected cells using a monoclonal antibody and ricin. The treatment targets CD45RO molecules found on the surface of memory T cells, which are difficult to target due to their low abundance.
Researchers have developed a model to study viral evasion and co-option of cellular defense strategies, revealing that persistent infection is achieved by suppressing cell suicide. Physiological changes occur, including slower growth and reduced virus infectivity over time.
A new model of HIV decline during treatment suggests that antiretroviral therapy drives HIV down to stable levels, varying with drug efficacy. The model proposes that significant numbers of CD4+ T cells become infected with HIV after treatment initiation, leading to a gradual decline in viral load.
Researchers identified a class of compounds that prevent HIV from infecting cells by blocking the viral entry into the cell. The discovery holds great promise for identifying a new class of oral drugs for treating HIV infection and AIDS.
Researchers have developed a new family of chemicals that bind specifically to the gp41 pocket, halting HIV's ability to infect cells. The compounds, created using mirror-image phage display, show promise as potential oral treatments for HIV, with advantages including reduced cell membrane penetration and lower likelihood of resistance.
A team of researchers has identified several chemical compounds that can prevent HIV from fusing with human cells, a crucial step in the viral infection process. By targeting the gp41 protein, these compounds may provide a new avenue for treating HIV and potentially other viruses.
A study found that despite comprehensive treatment, four patients became infected with HIV at least six months after initial exposure due to ongoing contact with infected partners. Counseling strategies targeting misconceptions about transmission are crucial to preventing future infections.
New research from UCSF reveals that HIV patients with high CD4+ counts are still at risk of opportunistic infections such as CMV retinitis. The studies found a relationship between the effectiveness of anti-CMV therapy and HAART, highlighting the need for careful consideration in treatment strategies.
A study by Rockefeller and Aaron Diamond researchers found that about one in six patients with the AIDS virus carried a strain resistant to at least one drug. The researchers recommend exploring the prevalence of this resistance and considering therapy structured around HIV-resistance testing to improve treatment effectiveness.
Researchers found that six HIV-infected patients who stopped taking antiviral drugs yet continued to suppress HIV replication had strong immune responses. The study suggests that temporarily discontinuing drugs may help maintain the virus at a low level, paving the way for vaccine development.
A new HIV drug intervention using nevirapine is significantly cheaper and more effective than three similar treatments, preventing 603 infections at a cost of $80,000 per year. The universal nevirapine program is the most cost-effective option, with a treatment cost of $138 to prevent one case of infant HIV.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found the gene MRP4 is responsible for drug resistance in HIV patients, leading to lower drug concentrations and increased virus replication. This discovery could lead to developing new therapies to fight HIV infection and other diseases.
A study of 500 young gay men in San Francisco found that unprotected anal sex increased by a third to a half in four years. Approximately half of these cases involved partners of unknown or different HIV status.
Researchers found that HIV-infected mothers are at highest risk of transmitting the virus to their babies through breastfeeding during the first few months of life. The study also revealed that women who had fewer than four previous births and younger mothers were more likely to transmit HIV through breast milk.
Researchers found that women with high HIV RNA levels in their blood transmitted the virus to their infants more often than those with low levels, highlighting the importance of treatment strategies aimed at reducing viral load. The studies also suggest that undetectable viral RNA levels can significantly reduce transmission risk.
A genetic variant of HIV linked to rapid disease progression in the US and Europe is rare in Africa, according to a new study. The findings may impact the design of HIV vaccines and therapies for underdeveloped regions where the epidemic is expanding.
A nationwide study is being launched in six US cities to determine the most effective HIV prevention counseling program. The study, called EXPLORE, will compare two behavior interventions: standard risk reduction counseling and a client-centered approach that focuses on personal decision-making.
Researchers found that CMV infection accelerates the progression of HIV in infants, leading to motor problems, stunted brain growth, pneumonia, and other symptoms of AIDS. The study sheds light on how viruses interact to cause disease and may lead to further understanding of why some individuals have a faster progression of HIV.
A new report by Johns Hopkins Medicine highlights the inadequate tuberculosis control programs in developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where HIV infection rates are high. The report recommends improved screening, treatment, and integration of TB and HIV care to reduce transmission.
Researchers found that current anti-HIV drug combinations are effective in suppressing the virus, but may not be enough to eradicate it. Studies show that residual infection persists, with some patients still showing signs of viral replication after years of treatment.
Researchers at UNC Health Care found that men with high stress levels and weak social support developed AIDS faster. The study of 82 HIV-infected gay men showed that cumulative stressful events doubled the risk of progressing to AIDS.
The American Psychiatric Association is establishing the first comprehensive guidelines for treating persons with HIV infection and AIDS. The new guidelines will focus on access to care, treatment adherence, education, prevention, and direct mental health services.
A study published in Nature Medicine found that silent HIV infections can persist for decades, making long-term medication necessary. Researchers discovered that patients taking strict anti-HIV regimens could keep the virus suppressed and experience no symptoms of AIDS, highlighting the importance of adherence to therapy.
The American Red Cross has developed a new genetic test, nucleic acid testing (NAT), to detect viruses such as HIV and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in blood donations. This technology can identify infectious agents earlier than current screening tests, reducing the risk of disease transmission through blood products.
Researchers found a significant link between HIV infections and abnormal vaginal bacteria in pregnant women. Four times as many subjects with bacterial vaginosis were HIV-infected compared to those with a normal balance.
Researchers at Northwestern University discovered a common ancestor among viruses that cause measles, mumps, and respiratory infections in infants and HIV, influenza, and Ebola. The study found a similar entry mechanism among these viruses, suggesting new approaches to blocking infection.
Researchers found that intense stimulation is required to create lasting memory T cells, which are crucial for killing HIV-infected or cancerous cells. This discovery may provide a solution to vaccine challenges in treating AIDS and cancer.