Articles tagged with Obesity
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Limited trials on obesity drugs have failed to show major reductions in related morbidity and mortality. The authors call for longer trial durations to ensure the development of safe and effective treatments.
Research at Yale University reveals estrogen regulates brain energy metabolism similarly to leptin, leading to a promising avenue for addressing obesity in those resistant to leptin. The study's findings suggest that estrogen may suppress appetite using independent pathways from leptin, making it a potential target for weight management.
New research at Washington University School of Medicine finds that the relative abundance of two common gut bacteria groups is altered in obese humans and mice. The findings suggest that these microbes may play a role in how much energy is extracted from the diet and stored as fat.
Researchers highlight the challenges of promoting physical activity in a sedentary society, citing political and systemic barriers. The authors emphasize the need for a public health infrastructure to support physical activity promotion, given its substantial protection against obesity and chronic disease.
Recent studies found that people eat up to 28-45% more calories when consuming low-fat snacks, as they mistakenly perceive them as lower-calorie alternatives. This misperception can lead to overindulgence and a poor diet.
A Cornell study finds that people, especially those who are overweight, consume up to 50% more calories when eating low-fat versions of snack foods compared to regular versions. Larger serving sizes on low-fat snacks may help reduce overeating.
A recent study found that black Americans are less likely to recognize their own overweight or obese status compared to white Americans, despite having higher rates of excess weight. The research suggests that this misperception can have significant health consequences, including increased risk of diabetes and premature death.
The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome, a state characterized by cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity and high blood pressure, is a growing concern. Physicians emphasize the need for aggressive treatment and lifestyle modifications to prevent serious health problems.
A large-scale review of bariatric procedures in older adults found significant increases in complications and mortality rates compared to younger patients. The study, which analyzed over 25,000 procedures, suggests that weight-loss surgery should be limited to those under 65 years old.
Men who experience weight fluctuations may be at higher risk for developing gallstones, according to a recent study. Weight cycling, or repeatedly losing and regaining weight, was found to increase the risk of gallstone disease by 21-76% compared to those who maintained a stable weight.
Research by Alberto Cordero found that 76% of workers over 60 are overweight or obese, leading to increased mortality and reduced productivity. The study also showed a strong link between metabolic syndrome, arterial hypertension, and cardiovascular risk factors.
Research on parasitic-infected dragonflies reveals metabolic disorders similar to human obesity and type-2 diabetes, with parasites triggering an inflammatory response and changes in metabolism. The study suggests that microbial communities found in human intestines may also contribute to these diseases.
A 3-year study shows significant improvements in self-esteem, nutrition, physical activity, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels among teen girls participating in the Teen Esteem program. The program aims to address obesity and other health issues in high-risk teen girls.
A study by HealthGrades found that bariatric surgery complication rates are high in some hospitals, with a mortality rate of 2 per 1,000. Five-star rated hospitals have significantly lower complication rates, and patients can find quality and cost information at HealthGrades.com
Research found that men with periodontal disease had a 63% higher risk of pancreatic cancer, while those who reported recent tooth loss showed a 2.5-fold increase in risk. Obesity also impairs immune responses to vaccines.
A study of over 2,000 kidney transplant patients in the Netherlands found that obese individuals were twice as likely to die within the first year or experience graft failure. This is attributed to a higher incidence of infections and fatal heart conditions among obese patients.
A study by the NIH/National Institute on Aging demonstrates that resveratrol, an activator of sirtuins, can improve health and survival in aged overweight male mice. Resveratrol supplementation improved insulin sensitivity, reduced liver size, and enhanced motor function in the mice compared to those without resveratrol.
A study published in Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases found a strong association between salt intake and obesity. Reducing salt intake was associated with a significant decrease in stroke and coronary heart disease mortality, as well as an increase in life expectancy.
Rimonabant reduces bodyweight and improves blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The study suggests that rimonabant could be used as a new treatment option for patients who have not responded to standard treatments.
Researchers report that polycystic ovary syndrome is significantly higher among overweight and obese Spanish women compared to lean women. The study, which evaluated 113 consecutive patients, found a marked increase in the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome among unselected overweight and obese women.
A study by University College London researchers found that carrying a common variant of the TCF7L2 gene increases the risk of developing diabetes by 50%, similar to being clinically obese. The genetic variant is present in nearly two-thirds of people with type 2 diabetes.
A study estimated 25% of Pakistan's population is overweight or obese, with 10% classified as obese. Lower BMI cutoff values may be needed to accurately identify conditions and healthy targets due to associated risks of hypertension and diabetes.
A team of researchers, led by Dr Clair Sullivan, aims to understand the link between obesity and cardiovascular disease. They believe that hormones produced from fat may be contributing to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
A new study found that obese men have lower levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and free PSA, suggesting they may be at higher risk for prostate cancer. The researchers also discovered an inverse relationship between BMI and PSA levels, which was strongest in men under 60.
A study by Dr. John Ratliff found that obese patients are more likely to experience complications during spine surgery, including blood clots and wound infections. The risk increases with the degree of obesity, emphasizing the importance of weight loss before undergoing elective spinal surgery.
Significantly obese women may experience complications and lower satisfaction rates after breast reconstruction following mastectomy. A retrospective study found a high complication rate for morbidly obese patients with a BMI over 40.
Researchers found a genetic link between APOA5 and heart disease risk, specifically in those consuming high amounts of omega-6 fatty acids. Carriers of the gene variant who ate more than six percent of total calories from omega-6s had increased triglyceride levels and elevated lipoprotein particles.
A study found that obese smokers have a 3.5 to 5 times increased risk of death compared to those of normal weight who never smoke. The study also revealed that being a current smoker is a stronger risk factor for cancer death than obesity.
Researchers identified brain circuits motivating desire to overeat in obese individuals, linked to the same circuits that cause addicted individuals to crave drugs. The study found significant changes in brain metabolism associated with emotional behaviors and eating habits.
A new study found that an increase in body mass index (BMI) between first and second pregnancies is associated with adverse outcomes, including maternal complications and perinatal complications. Women who gained a modest amount of weight between pregnancies experienced increased risks of gestational diabetes and stillbirth.
A study published in The Lancet found that weight gain during the interpregnancy period is strongly associated with major maternal and perinatal complications. Women who gained 3 or more BMI units were at increased risk of stillbirth, large-for-gestational-age births, and caesarean delivery.
Using mesh to close gastric bypass incisions prevents hernias in obese patients. Researchers found no impact on hospital stay or procedure cost.
A 24-week multi-center, placebo-controlled phase III trial demonstrated Contrave's superiority in weight loss compared to placebo. Patients taking Contrave experienced an average excess of 7% weight loss from baseline, while those on the placebo saw only 1% weight loss.
A study published in Critical Care reveals that diabetes triples the risk of developing critical illness and dying young compared to non-diabetic individuals. Obesity without diabetes does not significantly increase the risk of critical illness or mortality.
A study conducted by the University of Maryland Medical Center found acute diverticulitis affecting younger patients, often those who are obese. The condition, typically associated with older adults, is linked to a low-fiber diet and increased abdominal pressure, leading to inflammation and potential complications.
A study published in Annals of Surgery found that duodenal switch surgery produced greater weight loss than gastric bypass in super-obese patients, resulting in higher success rates at one and three years post-surgery. The procedure also had fewer complications and improved nutritional outcomes.
Researchers found that caterpillars evolved different physiological mechanisms to adjust to carbohydrate-rich and low-carbohydrate diets. This study suggests that animals can adapt metabolically to extreme nutritional environments, which may have implications for understanding the human obesity epidemic.
Researchers found that increasing protein in the diet augments the body's PYY hormone, reducing hunger and aiding weight loss. High-protein diets stimulate greater release of PYY than high-fat or high-carbohydrate meals.
A study by Rutgers University found that portion distortion, where consumers perceive large portions as normal serving sizes, may contribute to expanding waistlines. The research suggests that efforts to educate the public on limiting excess calories from foods like salad dressing have been successful.
Research conducted at NIH/NIEHS found that men with increased body mass index (BMI) were more likely to be infertile than normal-weight men. A 20-pound weight gain was associated with a nearly 2-fold increase in infertility among obese men.
Researchers discovered that a protein called ChREBP initiates fat storage when carbohydrates are present. Disabling this protein reduces obesity and improves glucose control in obese mice. The study suggests a potential new approach to treating type 2 diabetes.
New research confirms the human body is designed to resist weight loss efforts due to strong mechanisms defending against caloric deficits. Dr. Neil King's studies demonstrate a 'plateau effect,' where weight loss from exercise and calorie restrictions stalls at a certain point.
A new study found significant differences in histological types of epithelial ovarian cancer depending on body mass index (BMI), with obese women having a worse outcome. Higher BMI was also associated with decreasing survival rates and increased risk of mortality.
A study by Purdue University researcher Ken Ferraro found that women who use religious media resources are more likely to be obese, while men who seek comfort through religion are less likely to be obese. To combat this, religious leaders should encourage physical activity and healthy eating habits.
Researchers found that patients with low BMI had a higher risk of death than those with normal BMI, while overweight individuals had better survival rates. The study suggests that alternative methods are needed to characterize individuals with excess body fat accurately.
New research published by the American Physiological Society found that brains of rats bred to be lean are more sensitive to orexin A, a chemical that stimulates appetite and physical activity. This suggests a biological basis for being a couch potato, where fidgeting and other minor movements can burn calories and aid weight control.
A four-year study led by Temple University aims to test an internet-based telemedicine system to help overweight and obese African Americans lose weight. The program will be implemented through partnerships with several churches in North Philadelphia, where participants can access the study's website and moderated chat rooms for guidance.
A five-year study shows that exercise can reduce the size of abdominal fat cells by up to 18%, even when combined with dietary weight loss. This finding is significant because it suggests that exercise may be an important component in treating the health complications associated with abdominal fat.
A new study published in Obesity journal found that societal pressure on weight can discourage adults from adopting exercise and healthy lifestyle habits. The research highlights the importance of shifting focus away from specific target weights and promoting physical activity and healthy eating habits instead.
Researchers identified an accurate method to detect coronary artery disease risk in obese individuals using stress myocardial perfusion imaging. The test can help physicians plan management strategies for patients with 'silent' disease, reducing the risk of angina, heart attack, and death.
A new anti-obesity vaccine has shown promising results by slowing down weight gain and reducing body fat in animal models. The vaccine, targeting the hormone ghrelin, allowed rats to maintain normal eating habits while gaining less weight and accumulating less fat.
A University of Pittsburgh study found that regular multivitamin use before and during pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of preeclampsia, particularly among non-overweight women. The study showed a 72% reduction in risk for these women compared to those who didn't take multivitamins.
A study found that obesity significantly impacts diagnostic imaging quality and diagnosis, leading to misdiagnosis or failed diagnoses. The impact is particularly pronounced on exams requiring radiation exposure, such as CT scans and x-rays.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in understanding how serotonin regulates appetite, finding that it activates certain neurons and blocks others to curb hunger. The dual effect could lead to the development of safer anti-obesity drugs with fewer harmful side effects.
Individuals who maintain a normal weight without a history of obesity exhibit consistent behaviors, such as limiting fast food consumption and sustaining high levels of physical activity. In contrast, those who struggle to maintain their weight report a lack of consistency in their lifestyle habits.
A study comparing gastric bypass and gastric banding surgeries found that bypass procedures had lower complication rates, greater weight loss, and higher patient satisfaction. Gastric bypass also reduced obesity-related diseases such as hypertension and diabetes more effectively.
A study of female nurses found that a higher body mass index at age 18 was associated with greater risk for death than a normal BMI. Meanwhile, severely obese adolescents who received diet drug sibutramine along with behavior therapy lost an average of 14 pounds and improved heart risk factors.
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation found that a fatty acid binding protein called aP2 plays a crucial role in controlling inflammation in asthma. The research suggests that blocking aP2 function may be a novel approach for asthma treatment and other inflammatory lung diseases.
A recent US study found that women with obesity have a significantly higher risk of death compared to those with normal weight. The study, which analyzed data from 90,185 women over seven years, showed that the risk of death increases substantially with increasing weight categories.
A study found that extreme obesity is associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol in women. Women with extreme obesity were more likely to die over the average 7-year follow-up period than those in other weight categories.