Articles tagged with Tuberculosis
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A groundbreaking study has identified IL-17 cytokine as the primary culprit behind excessive lung inflammation in TB patients. By targeting this pathway, doctors may be able to reduce disease harm and speed up patient recovery.
Researchers developed a genetic material-based catalogue to predict antibiotic resistance in MDR-TB, enabling accelerated treatment development. The study found that 99% of predicted drug combinations were effective in traditional microbiological testing.
New research reveals fundamental differences in how baby and adult immune cells respond to TB, with a greater ability of adult cells to shift their energy profile after infection. The study highlights the importance of understanding how the immune system uses energy to develop better treatments for vulnerable populations.
Researchers identified Mycobacterium tuberculosis' use of rubredoxin B to survive in iron-deficient conditions, helping the bacterium evade the immune system. The study provides new insights into the development of drug resistance and potential targets for therapeutic agents.
Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham have discovered a novel protein transport system in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, allowing the release of its toxin, tuberculosis necrotizing toxin (TNT), into human macrophages. The study reveals that two small Esx proteins form pores in membranes to facilitate TNT secretion.
The TB burden in Europe is decreasing, with a 19% overall decline from 2015-2019. However, drug resistance remains a major concern, and the COVID-19 pandemic may stall or cause setbacks in the fight against TB. Treatment outcomes are suboptimal, with only 77% of patients successfully completing treatment in 2019.
Researchers found that adding an iron binder to Bedaquiline treatment boosts its ability to combat TB bacteria. The study suggests a promising approach to improving patient outcomes and developing new treatments.
Researchers at Radboud University Medical Center have found that a higher dose of the anti-tuberculosis drug rifampicin is safe and effective. This could lead to a shorter treatment duration and less resistance, with potential benefits for global tuberculosis treatment.
A new report by Harvard Medical School researchers found that TB diagnoses in the US are often delayed, leading to a higher likelihood of infection transmission and disease progression. The study suggests that increased clinician awareness and education can help minimize these delays.
Researchers analyzed ancient human DNA to understand the impact of tuberculosis on European populations. The study found that a specific variant of the TYK2 gene was associated with an increased risk of becoming ill after infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Researchers analyzed 70,000 ancient skeletons to find declining rates of transmission for these chronic infectious diseases. The analysis suggests that pathogens may evolve to cause less harm to humans over time, leading to reduced transmission.
A MUSC researcher has been awarded a $9.9 million contract to test TB treatment interventions in areas with severe disease prevalence. The goal is to shorten treatment duration and improve patient adherence, particularly for individuals with latent TB infection.
Researchers have isolated monoclonal antibodies that effectively target and inhibit the growth of tuberculosis germs in laboratory mice. These biological antibiotics show promise as an alternative to traditional chemical antibiotics, offering a safer and more stable treatment option.
Researchers found a genetic mechanism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis that allows the bacterium to respond to stress rapidly and in manner that is 'history-dependent.' The study suggests this mechanism may be key to understanding tuberculosis latency, a global health problem affecting 2-3 billion people.
A new biomarker has been identified that can determine individual treatment duration for tuberculosis patients, reducing the need for prolonged therapy. The biomarker is based on an RNA signature from 22 genes and was developed using patient cohorts from Germany and Romania.
Research found fidaxomicin is more effective than existing TB medication at preventing growth of M. tuberculosis, including resistant strains. Fidaxomicin's in vitro activity was compared to rifampicin and showed promise as a potential new treatment for TB.
Researchers propose a new TB drug targeting the FtsZ protein, inhibiting cell division and suppressing growth, with potential for long-term effectiveness. The compound has been identified through high-precision molecular simulations, offering a novel solution to the problem of drug resistance in TB.
Researchers at the University of Sydney have developed a novel method to rapidly synthesize safe vaccines using protein-based immunization. The approach demonstrated strong immune response in mice against tuberculosis and has potential applications for respiratory diseases, including COVID-19.
Researchers developed a new imaging method to track antibiotic distribution in infected tissues, revealing that some antibiotics only partially penetrate infected cells. This discovery could lead to more targeted treatments and reduced risk of antibiotic resistance.
A new lung-on-chip model has provided insight into the body's response to early tuberculosis infection. The study revealed that alveolar epithelial cells play a crucial role in controlling bacterial growth by producing surfactant, which reduces surface tension and prevents uncontrolled bacterial growth.
Researchers at San Diego State University have uncovered a crucial clue to the mystery of TB's rapid resistance to antibiotics. They found that the pathogen uses an epigenetic domain to diversify and create multiple subpopulations with varying phenotypes, leading to drug resistance.
Research highlights the need for tuberculosis (TB) screening and ongoing clinical care for people on methotrexate living in areas with high TB prevalence. Methotrexate users taking corticosteroids or immunosuppressants are at increased risk of TB infection.
A study found that prenatal and early-life exposure to the Great Chinese Famine significantly increases the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in adulthood across two generations. Over 12,000 active PTB cases were attributed to famine exposure between 2005 and 2018 in Sichuan Province.
Researchers at MIT developed a machine-learning algorithm that can predict the effectiveness of drug compounds against tuberculosis and other diseases. The algorithm, which incorporates uncertainty values to account for data variability, identified promising compounds targeting a critical protein required by the bacteria.
A new TB vaccine developed by Dartmouth's Geisel School of Medicine has shown promising results in a Phase 2 trial, inducing immune responses against the disease. The vaccine was safe and well-tolerated, with minimal local reactions, and may prevent TB disease by inducing a favorable immune response.
Researchers at NTNU have filmed the process of tuberculosis infection in a cell, revealing how the bacterium evades the body's immune system. The study shows how TB bacteria hide inside macrophages and trigger an explosive immune response to spread further.
A new study from the Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology has reconstructed a tuberculosis genome from the calcified lungs of a 17th-century bishop, supporting the idea that TB emerged within the last 6,000 years. The discovery sheds light on the origins of TB and challenges the prevailing assumption about its global distribution.
A new international study has shown that a newly developed treatment regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is highly effective, with an 85% success rate among patients with serious comorbidities. The regimens, bedaquiline and delamanid, offer a promising alternative to the historical standard of care, which has approxim...
A new vaccine candidate BCG::RD1 has shown highly protective effects against tuberculosis in older mice with type 2 diabetes. The vaccine acts on multiple immune cell subsets to mount a robust response against TB-causing bacteria.
The study found that implementing antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV and newer tuberculosis medications decreases the risk of death for adults with drug-resistant TB. Access to these life-saving medications varies widely globally.
A recent study published in Cell Reports Medicine found that the BCG vaccine is safe and does not increase the risk of COVID-19 symptoms. The research also suggests a cautiously positive picture, with lower numbers of sick people and extreme fatigue among vaccinated individuals during the pandemic.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine found that a next-generation cholesterol-lowering drug can lower blood cholesterol to safer levels faster when added to traditional therapies. The study showed significant reductions in LDL cholesterol during hospitalization and within a month following a heart attack, suggesting the drug is safe a...
Compounds tested for their potential as antibiotics have demonstrated promising activity against tuberculosis (TB), a deadly infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The study found that the compounds exploit well-known targets for drugs, including the bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase.
Researchers at Durham University have found a new toxin, called MenT, produced by the TB bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This toxin inhibits the use of amino acids needed for protein production, causing the bacteria to die. The discovery opens up new avenues for treating tuberculosis and other infections.
Scientists at Trinity College Dublin discovered a way to manipulate human immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, tipping the balance in favor of patients. The study used an epigenetic inhibitor to release pro-inflammatory signals that aid in clearing the infection, promoting future vaccine strategies.
A new technology dubbed MorphEUS enables rapid screening of drug candidates against Mycobcterium tuberculosis (M. tb), the bacterium that causes TB. It uses high throughput imaging and machine learning to uncover patterns in how antibacterials kill, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of treatment development.
A novel mouse model shows that contained and persistent yet non-pathogenic Mtb infection reduces tuberculosis disease burden after re-exposure. The study highlights the importance of innate immune responses in protecting against the disease.
A modelling study predicts that COVID-19 could lead to a significant increase in HIV, TB, and malaria deaths in low- and middle-income countries. The study suggests that prioritizing antiretroviral therapy, timely diagnosis and treatment of TB, and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets could mitigate the impact of the pandemic.
A preliminary study suggests that the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, commonly administered to children in high-tuberculosis countries, may reduce mortality rates from COVID-19. The study found a correlation between higher BCG vaccination rates and lower peak mortality rates from COVID-19 in various countries.
UTEP research reveals a new target for tuberculosis drug development by investigating the mechanisms of Mtb pathogenesis and discovering that Nα-acetylation of EsxA drastically affects the course of infection. The study provides a beautiful story in the prestigious Journal of Biological Chemistry.
The global pandemic could significantly increase the global burden of tuberculosis due to disruptions to health services and delays in diagnosis and treatment. Researchers predict up to 110,000 additional TB deaths over five years, with 6,000 in China, 95,000 in India, and 13,000 in South Africa.
A new study published in Annals of Internal Medicine finds that a 4-month rifampin regimen is cheaper and more effective than a 9-month course of isoniazid for treating latent tuberculosis. The treatment has the potential to change the way latent tuberculosis is treated, with significant cost savings for healthcare systems.
A study by universities of Bonn and Nijmegen found that BCG vaccination enhances immune response to multiple infections, including TB and Covid-19. The vaccine's effect is attributed to trained immunity, which allows innate immune cells to become more efficient independently of reinfection.
A recent study found that seven patient samples contained M. orygis, a subspecies not typically associated with human TB, indicating potential zoonotic transmission in India. The researchers suggest broadening the definition of zoonotic TB to include other MTBC subspecies capable of causing human disease.
The tuberculosis pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis can survive for a longer period of time when combined with other bacteria in the air. This is because larger aerosol particles from mycobacterial clusters are produced together with components of dead cells, making them more viable in the air.
A new ancestral lineage of tuberculosis has been found in East Africa, with genome analyses suggesting a unique origin. The discovery reinforces the hypothesis of an East African origin for the disease and provides insights into its evolution.
Scientists at Trinity College Dublin have discovered that the iron chelator DFX supports lung immunity against tuberculosis by driving the activation of glycolysis, a key metabolic pathway. This process helps immune cells make energy to fight infection and improves macrophages' ability to address TB infection.
A five-year study has identified the mechanism behind the BCG vaccine's unexpected protection against diseases other than TB in newborns. The researchers found that BCG triggers a rapid increase in neutrophils, white blood cells that fight invading pathogens.
A new study confirms that ethambutol, a key TB drug, targets specific proteins in the bacteria. Researchers used cryogenic electron microscopy and x-ray imaging to show how the drug binds to and inactivates these proteins, producing crucial components of the TB cell wall.
Researchers discovered a novel mechanism for Mycobacterium tuberculosis to import vitamin B12, a crucial nutrient for the pathogen's growth. The Rv1819c protein was found to be capable of importing B12 and transporting other molecules, making it an attractive target for developing anti-TB drugs.
A study found that UK healthcare policies restricting access for non-UK born patients may lead to delays in TB diagnosis and treatment. The median time to treatment increased by 20 days after the policy was introduced.
Researchers identified a protein responsible for transporting iron into bacteria that causes tuberculosis. Inhibiting this transport process could lead to new drug targets and novel treatments.
Researchers at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have discovered a giant cavity in a protein that transports a wide range of molecules, including vitamin B12 and antibiotics, into the bacterial cell. The discovery could lead to new ways to treat tuberculosis, but further studies are needed to understand the protein's capabilities.
Scientists discovered a novel transport protein in TB bacteria that imports vitamin B12 and bleomycin with a large water-filled cavity. This non-selective transporter may be common in bacteria and human cells, offering new insights into tuberculosis physiology and potential treatment strategies.
A study by Singapore researchers found that underweight diabetics have an eight-fold increase in risk of contracting active TB compared to obese individuals. The study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and targeted screening for this vulnerable population.
Researchers found that a key TB antibiotic can't irreversibly inhibit an enzyme, instead allowing it to function again through hydrolysis. This discovery could lead to the development of improved versions of the drug and new treatments for antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Researchers discovered a protein called gamma subunit that controls fatty acid synthase function in mycobacteria, allowing for the inhibition of pathogen proliferation without affecting human cells. This breakthrough could lead to new therapeutic approaches against tuberculosis and provide insights into cancer treatment.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Dallas identified a molecule that induces coughing in tuberculosis patients, providing a potential target for treatment and prevention. The discovery could help reduce the spread of TB, which kills over 1.3 million people worldwide annually.
A family of porin-like proteins helps M. tuberculosis acquire essential nutrients while evading antibiotics and immune attacks. Researchers discovered the unique role of PE/PPE proteins in ferrying vital nutrients across the cell's waxy wall.
Tuberculosis bacteria produce a molecule called sulfolipid-1 (SL-1) that triggers coughing in infected animals and human cells, facilitating the spread of disease. The findings could lead to new treatments to prevent tuberculosis transmission.