Articles tagged with Tuberculosis
A six-month multidrug regimen is being evaluated against the standard nine-month treatment for adults and adolescents with tuberculous meningitis. The trial aims to generate evidence that could lead to improved treatment options and reduced mortality rates, particularly for high-risk groups such as pregnant women and adolescent children.
A genomic analysis in southern Mozambique found that new molecular tests are needed to detect a wider range of mutations conferring resistance to first-line TB drugs. The study identified high numbers of isoniazid-resistant cases, which were also missed by the Xpert/Ultra test.
Elevated blood glycerol levels are linked to increased TB disease severity in experimental models with Type 2 diabetes. The study identifies glycerol kinase as a crucial enzyme driving TB disease severity.
Researchers tested the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in healthy adults to gather data about TB immune responses. The study found associations between BCG and gene expression changes in blood, providing insights into optimal protection against TB.
A recent study published in Nature Communications reveals that disrupted NAD(H) homeostasis is a key factor in tuberculosis pathogenesis. The researchers found that the glycolytic pathway can be selectively inhibited using an LDH enzyme with mostly LDHA subunits, which preferentially converts pyruvate to lactate and NADH to NAD+.
Scientists at Texas Biomedical Research Institute found a promising cancer therapy also effectively reduces TB growth, even for drug-resistant bacteria. The therapy combines MCL-1 and BCL-2 inhibitors with antibiotics to control TB up to 98%.
Researchers created a blood-based test to detect both diseases, measure viral and bacterial loads, and track treatment progress. The test aims to improve patient outcomes by catching immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) earlier.
A new diagnostic tool has been developed to help diagnose tuberculosis in children, with a focus on providing accurate results quickly and conveniently. The tool uses blood samples taken from the fingertip and identifies specific gene activity to detect the disease, offering improved accuracy compared to traditional methods.
Researchers studied how Mycobacterium tuberculosis forms cord-like aggregates that resist antibiotics and alter host cell behavior. The study revealed new insights into the biophysical mechanisms of cord formation and its impact on infection.
A new study reveals that innate CD8+ lymphocytes play a crucial role in limiting tuberculosis infection, and an inflammatory molecule called Interleukin-15 could be used to boost vaccine efficacy. Researchers found that these cells create a 'bottleneck' preventing bacteria from establishing active infection.
Scientists have discovered a TB vaccination strategy that prevents lung infection in monkeys infected with SIV, despite the vaccine being contraindicated for people living with HIV. The results show promise for protecting people with HIV against TB, which is the leading cause of death among them.
A study found that only 3 out of 22 African countries with high TB/HIV burden have no national policy on LF-LAM test implementation. Main barriers include lack of funding and training, despite the test being less expensive than other diagnostic tests.
Researchers identified a 'guard mechanism' controlling protein GPB1 to attack microbes and cancer cells. The study found that disrupting this mechanism can kill pathogens like Toxoplasma and potentially treat cancer.
A Boston University-led study identified genetic signatures of TB-susceptible and TB-resistant macrophages, leading to a new approach to tweak the immune system to fight the disease. The research could lead to therapies targeting host immunity to tuberculosis.
A new Canadian guideline aims to promote health equity among marginalized groups by providing 16 preventive care recommendations. The guidelines focus on removing barriers to healthcare, prioritizing people from disadvantaged groups, and improving access to essential screenings and interventions.
Researchers analyzed data from 31 studies and found that cattle face a higher risk of getting tuberculosis from wildlife through indirect interactions. Indirect interaction rates were 154 times higher than direct interaction rates.
A UCF researcher is developing a new antibiotic to treat tuberculosis and related lung infections. The team aims to create potent antimycobacterial agents that can be administered orally and target drug-resistant strains.
Researchers at the Institute for Systems Biology have identified a signaling system called MtrA that helps Mycobacterium tuberculosis grow in response to host signals. Disrupting this system compromises the pathogen's cell wall, making it unable to divide and ultimately compromising its survival.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine successfully treated four patients with resistant TB using a six-month regimen of bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid. This novel approach achieves superior outcomes with less side effects in a shorter period, improving health equity for MDR TB patients.
A clinical trial of a three-month tuberculosis treatment regimen has been closed due to high rates of unfavorable outcomes. Participants who received the investigational treatment experienced ongoing or recurring TB at rates above thresholds set in the study protocol.
A study published in Cellular Immunology reveals that type 1 interferons impair the metabolic response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, making patients with chronic TB more susceptible to infections. The research identifies these cytokines as a potential target for developing new treatments.
A new study found consistently high TB case rates among incarcerated people, but low detection rates. Nearly half of TB cases were not detected, highlighting the need for increased efforts to reduce TB spread in prisons.
Researchers discovered how two new compounds attack TB-causing bacteria, providing insights into future therapies. The study found that one compound binds better to ATP synthase than existing treatment, while another targets a previously unknown site.
Researchers at KIT have developed nanoparticles that can carry antibiotics directly to the lungs, increasing drug concentration and reducing resistance. The nanocarriers, containing Bedaquilin or BTZ-043, overcome biological barriers and show effectiveness in treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
A new device using dielectrophoresis selectively isolates Mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum samples, providing a purified sample for molecular confirmation. The technology has shown promising results in detecting TB in underserved areas, with high concordance rates compared to culture diagnosis.
The June issue of CHEST features 49 articles on clinically relevant topics, including asthma, COPD, and critical care. The journal offers web and multimedia resources to expand the reach of its research.
Researchers at Texas Biomedical Research Institute have developed a new cell culture model to generate human alveolar macrophages, the most critical immune cells in the lungs. This model allows for easier and inexpensive investigation of lung inflammatory diseases and testing of new therapies.
The BCG vaccine, primarily developed to prevent tuberculosis, was found ineffective against COVID-19 in a large international trial involving nearly 4,000 healthcare workers. Researchers discovered that vaccination increased the risk of symptomatic disease during the first six months following enrolment.
The Medicines for All Institute will work on 14 new global health projects, reducing costs of medicines for tuberculosis, malaria, HIV, and neglected tropical diseases. With the $18.7 million grant, Medicines for All aims to improve access to low-cost medications for people living with these diseases.
Research from Boston Medical Center found that pulmonary tuberculosis enhances HIV antibody responses and increases the prevalence of antibody-resistant strains. This study has significant implications for HIV vaccines and antibody-based therapies, highlighting the need for novel strategies to generate broad and potent antibodies.
A new study by UCL researchers hints at the possibility of detecting conditions such as coeliac disease and Parkinson's disease in principle up to 10 years before diagnosis. The review of existing evidence indicates a 'diagnostic window' – the point at which diagnosis may be possible for some patients.
The USPSTF recommends screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in populations at increased risk, including those born in or former residents of high-prevalence countries and congregate settings. Estimated prevalence is about 5.0% in the US, with up to 13 million persons affected.
A pandemic cohort study found that nearly one-third of adults aged 45 and older with both TB and COVID-19 died between March 2020 and June 2022. The study highlights the severity of co-infection in this vulnerable population.
A world-leading international trial has found that the BCG vaccine does not protect healthcare workers against COVID-19, despite boosting 'front-line' immunity in infants and protecting against respiratory infections. The research involved 3988 healthcare workers and showed a higher risk of symptomatic COVID-19 in the BCG group.
Researchers at UMass Amherst microbiologists have identified an enzyme involved in TB pathogen's survival and growth. The discovery offers a potential target for drug therapies for the deadly disease, which has few effective treatments and caused over 1.6 million deaths worldwide in 2021.
A new study reveals that young children diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis are at an increased risk of subsequent wheezing, poor lung function, and reduced height and weight. The study found that children who developed PTB before six months old had more than double the risk of wheezing after 6 months.
A study at ECCMID shows AI software can detect TB from chest X-rays with sensitivity and specificity comparable to that of trained radiologists. The technology has the potential to improve diagnosis in low-resource settings where radiologists are scarce.
A multidisciplinary group of experts has reached a consensus on key issues related to molecular prediction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antibiotic sensitivity or resistance. The document provides guidance for therapeutic regimen design and treatment optimization, aiming to improve clinicians' management of TB patients.
Researchers at Texas Biomedical Research Institute have identified a potential host-directed therapy targeting the immune system to bolster the body's ability to control TB infection. Blocking IDO enzyme helped nonhuman primates completely eliminate active TB infection, improving health metrics compared to antibiotics alone.
Scientists discovered that B cells play a crucial role in controlling tuberculosis (TB) infections by directing helper T cells, known as T follicular helper (Tfh)-like cells, to granuloma tissue in the lungs where they can activate macrophages. This finding holds promise for developing better treatments and vaccines for TB.
Researchers at the University of Surrey used a new technology called fluxomics to reveal how cells process nitrogen in TB-causing bacteria. The study identified glutamate as a crucial amino acid in the nitrogen metabolism, providing a target for new drug development.
The European Union and European Economic Area will likely fall short of the Sustainable Development Goals target for eliminating tuberculosis by 2030. To meet the goal, an annual decline of 11.7% is needed in TB incidence, whereas the current decline rate of 6.8% is insufficient.
Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute have discovered a key role for autophagy in controlling intracellular infections like TB. By boosting this natural process, they hope to create new treatments that can combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Researchers at Wayne State University have developed a novel non-sputum-based technology to differentiate between active TB and latent TB infection. The technology uses IgG antibodies against transketolase, an essential enzyme required for the intracellular growth of TB bacteria.
A systematic review of 33 randomized controlled trials found that yoga improved gait speed and lower extremity strength in inactive older people. However, it did not offer a benefit for frailty markers compared to exercise or tai chi.
Researchers at Kyoto University found that neutrophils instruct macrophages to form a bacteria-permissive microenvironment, which could have implications for cancer treatment. The study suggests that A9, an enzyme expressed in neutrophils, may play a key role in this process.
A Phase 1 trial of a thermostable tuberculosis (TB) vaccine candidate found it to be safe and stimulated both antibodies and cellular responses. The vaccine, ID93+GLA-SE, was well-tolerated and produced higher levels of antibodies in recipients compared to a non-thermostable formulation.
A Phase 1 clinical trial of AAHI's thermostable, freeze-dried single-vial ID93 + GLA-SE vaccine candidate showed higher levels of antibodies and favorable cellular immune responses compared to the two-vial presentation. The results represent significant progress in global efforts to combat TB.
A Chinese Medical Journal study found that smoking, alcohol consumption, and lack of work-related injury insurance are significant risk factors for developing pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with pneumoconiosis. The study also identified rural birth, household exposure to patients with PTB, and hospitalization history as relevant ri...
A new genomic study found signs of TB adaptation in ancient Andean populations, thousands of years before European contact. The study suggests that Indigenous people in present-day Ecuador developed an immune response to tuberculosis around 3,000 years ago, when agriculture began proliferating in the region.
A groundbreaking study found that a new TB treatment strategy can shorten treatment duration while maintaining effectiveness. The TRUNCATE-TB trial showed that an initial 8-week treatment period followed by retreatment for those not cured was as effective as the standard 6-month treatment but halved the average total time on treatment.
Despite over 100 years of TB vaccine research, only one vaccine has been widely used, and a second is urgently needed to combat the ongoing pandemic. Promising new candidates are now in phase 3 trials, including an adjuvanted subunit vaccine that demonstrated 50% protection against TB infection in a phase II trial.
The AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) will present 29 presentations at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) 2023. The studies focus on COVID-19, HIV cure, pathogenesis, treatment, long-term complications, tuberculosis, hepatitis C, and contraception.
Researchers have discovered that over-the-counter heartburn drugs can shorten the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) and reduce the chances of drug-resistant bacteria. The findings, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, may mean TB can be cured with shorter treatments.
Research by University of Cambridge scientists reveals that a rare genetic disorder, Gaucher disease, provides protection against TB due to an unusual fatty chemical that acts as a microbicide. The study suggests that Ashkenazi Jews, who are more susceptible to Gaucher disease, may be less likely to contract TB infection.
A large Dutch study found that the BCG vaccine does not protect elderly people with co-morbidities against COVID-19 symptoms. The study analyzed 6,112 participants and showed no difference in disease manifestations or hospitalizations between those who received the vaccine and those who received a placebo.
Researchers investigated TB screening effectiveness in Germany and globally, finding mandatory programs may increase participation but don't deliver better results. Voluntary programs are considered more effective, ethically and legally justifiable.
Research suggests that a new combination of drugs is needed to find an effective treatment for TB meningitis due to multidrug-resistant strains. The FDA-approved BPaL regimen is not effective in treating TB meningitis because bedaquiline and linezolid cannot penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
A new study suggests TB vaccination could be overall cost-effective in 73 of 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with potential economic benefits of US $474 billion by 2050. The modeling study, published in PLOS Medicine, found that vaccination could save billions of dollars annually.
The January issue of the CHEST journal features a range of clinically relevant research on COPD, bronchiectasis, and pulmonary vascular disease. The journal's education portal offers continuing medical education (CME) credit for select articles.