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Science News for August 15, 2023


Hastings Center Report, July-August 2023 Issue

Experts discuss the moral implications of telemedicine on the patient-physician relationship. Telemedicine can improve care for certain patients but may also raise questions about the nature of this encounter and the importance of touch in medical interactions. The Hastings Center Report explores the complex ethical issues surrounding ...

SourceThe Hastings Center·JournalThe Hastings Center Report·TypeCommentary/editorial·DateAug 15, 2023

Brain recordings capture musicality of speech — with help from Pink Floyd

Neuroscientists at UC Berkeley have successfully reconstructed a recognizable song from brain recordings, capturing the electrical activity of brain regions tuned to music attributes. This breakthrough could enable future brain implants with prosodic content, improving communication for patients with speech disorders.

SourceUniversity of California - Berkeley·JournalPLOS Biology·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 15, 2023

New early Alzheimer’s treatment shows Improvement in cognition

Dr. Heather Sandison's study reveals significant improvements in cognitive function among individuals with cognitive decline after six months of a multimodal, individualized care plan. The study demonstrates the feasibility and impact of a holistic approach targeting various factors contributing to Alzheimer's disease progression.

SourceIOS Press·JournalJournal of Alzheimer’s Disease·TypeMeta-analysis·DateAug 15, 2023

Recent study at UC Irvine found that semaglutide medication may benefit 93 million U.S. adults

A recent study at UC Irvine found that semaglutide medication can lead to significant weight loss and reduce cardiovascular risk in 93 million U.S. adults. The medication may prevent up to 1.5 million heart attacks and strokes over 10 years, resulting in 43 million fewer obese people.

SourceUniversity of California - Irvine·JournalCardiovascular Drugs and Therapy·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateAug 15, 2023

Scientists pinpoint the microbes essential to making traditional mozzarella

The study sheds light on the intricate interactions of microorganisms throughout the manufacturing process, influencing the microbiota's composition and organoleptic properties. The natural whey starter plays a significant role in shaping the microbial makeup of mozzarella, with subtle variations between traditional and modern dairies.

SourceFrontiers·JournalFrontiers in Microbiology·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 15, 2023

Moffitt researchers use mathematical modeling and dynamic biomarkers to characterize metastatic disease during adaptive therapy

Moffitt researchers used mathematical modeling and dynamic biomarkers to identify characteristics of metastatic disease associated with better treatment outcomes. They found that larger metastases had longer treatment cycles, while those with faster cell turnover rates responded quickly to treatment.

SourceH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute·JournalCancer Research·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateAug 15, 2023

Bats feast as insects migrate through Pyrenees

Researchers discovered seven bat species and 66 insect species in the Pyrenees, highlighting the importance of migratory insects as a food source for both bats and those living in the mountains. The study also shows that migrating insects are a crucial refuelling station for bats during their own journeys south.

SourceUniversity of Exeter·JournalRoyal Society Open Science·TypeObservational study·DateAug 15, 2023

New genetic relations between irritable bowel syndrome and psychiatric diseases discovered

A new study has identified thousands of shared genetic variants between patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety. This discovery provides a new understanding of the brain-gut axis and holds promise for developing effective treatments for IBS.

SourceThe University of Bergen·JournalGenome Medicine·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateAug 15, 2023

Novel study shows greater metabolic response to animal versus plant proteins in young and older adults

A novel study found that consuming two oz-eq portions of animal-based versus plant-based protein foods results in different EAA bioavailability. The study, conducted by scientists at Purdue University, included young and older adults, with no differences in EAA bioavailability between age groups.

SourceNational Pork Board·JournalNutrients·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateAug 15, 2023

A crossroad for women’s football – new study reveals critical concern for leagues finances

A new study analyses the financial health of 14 English Women's Super League clubs from 2011 to 2019, revealing a 'pivotal crossroad' in women's football. The study highlights critical concerns about league financial sustainability and proposes recommendations to guide the league toward a more sustainable future.

SourceUniversity of Portsmouth·JournalSport Business and Management An International Journal·TypeObservational study·DateAug 15, 2023

Classic rock music can be recreated from recorded brain activity

Scientists successfully reconstructed recognizable versions of Pink Floyd's 'Another Brick in the Wall, Part 1' using nonlinear modeling to decode brain activity. The study identified a unique region in the Superior Temporal Gyrus (STG) responsible for rhythm perception, with electrodes from this region crucial for accurate reconstruct...

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS Biology·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 15, 2023

DNA evidence on dogs can help track down offenders

A new Australian study found that human DNA can be retrieved from all areas of dog samples, with higher amounts found on the head and back. The research suggests using DNA evidence from dogs in police investigations involving animals, expanding knowledge about human DNA transfer to pets.

SourceFlinders University·JournalGenes·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 15, 2023

AI models are powerful, but are they biologically plausible?

Researchers propose a hypothesis that astrocytes, non-neuronal cells in the brain, can perform core computation as transformers, providing insights into human brain function and machine learning success. This discovery could spark future neuroscience research and help explain transformer performance across complex tasks.

SourceMassachusetts Institute of Technology·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateAug 15, 2023

New kidney function equation may reduce health disparities by improving access to heart failure therapy in previously ineligible patients

A new kidney function equation has been shown to be more accurate than the old equation in estimating kidney function, particularly for Black individuals. This new equation may reduce racial disparities in cardiovascular disease by making previously ineligible patients eligible for heart failure therapies.

SourceUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham·JournalJournal of Cardiac Failure·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateAug 15, 2023

The Journal of Scientific Exploration publishes special issue on the Shakespeare authorship question

A special issue in The Journal of Scientific Exploration presents a range of evidence casting doubt on the historical figure from Stratford as the true author of Shakespeare's works. Historians and literary scholars present alternative theories, including the possibility that 'Will Shakspere' was a pseudonym for another person.

SourceSociety for Scientific Exploration·JournalJournal of Scientific Exploration·DateAug 15, 2023

Science backs mind-body tools like meditation and music for cancer-related anxiety

National guidelines recommend mindfulness meditation, yoga, and music therapy for cancer patients experiencing anxiety and depression. The guidelines are based on strong evidence from clinical studies, providing a comprehensive approach to managing these common side effects of cancer treatment.

SourceUniversity of Rochester Medical Center·JournalJournal of Clinical Oncology·TypeLiterature review·DateAug 15, 2023

Cancer organizations recommend mindfulness-based interventions to treat anxiety and depression in patients

The Society for Integrative Oncology (SIO) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) recommend mindfulness-based stress reduction, meditation, and mindful movement to treat anxiety and depression symptoms in cancer patients. These interventions have strong evidence supporting their benefits.

SourceThe Reis Group·JournalJournal of Clinical Oncology·TypeLiterature review·DateAug 15, 2023

Curious kids

A study led by Max-Planck-Gesellschaft researchers uncovered the conditions that trigger curiosity in wild orangutans, including social and environmental factors. Young orangutans were more likely to observe and approach novel objects, while the presence of association partners increased their curiosity.

SourceMax-Planck-Gesellschaft·JournalScientific Reports·TypeObservational study·DateAug 15, 2023

Selling a juicy burger with a mouthwatering photo on Instagram? The effect of induced positive consumption simulations on purchases

Researchers synthesized over 50 studies to find that mental simulations using visuals or verbal calls to action improve behavioral intentions and behavior. However, the effectiveness varies depending on the modality, frequency, type of consumption experience, and target populations.

SourceAmerican Marketing Association·JournalJournal of Marketing·DateAug 15, 2023

Positive “resilience factors” can help older adults mitigate negative effects of loneliness, study finds

Researchers found that engaging in activities, expanding social networks, and using technology can lower the risk of loneliness among elderly. However, several risk factors including older age, vision impairment, and depression increased loneliness likelihood.

SourceHebrew SeniorLife Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research·JournalAmerican Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateAug 15, 2023

Extreme heat may hasten cognitive decline in vulnerable populations

A new study found that cumulative exposure to extreme heat can worsen cognitive health, particularly among Black older adults and residents of disadvantaged neighborhoods. Researchers analyzed data from nearly 9,500 U.S. adults ages 52 and older, finding a link between high heat exposure and faster cognitive decline in these groups.

SourceNew York University·JournalJournal of Epidemiology and Community Health·DateAug 15, 2023

Benefits of electric stoves on health and environment in Ecuador

A nationwide program in Ecuador, which replaced gas stoves with electric induction stoves, led to a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and hospitalization rates. The study found that the program resulted in a 7% decline in liquid petroleum gas consumption and a 5% increase in residential electricity usage.

SourceUniversity of California - San Diego·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateAug 15, 2023

Team compares reanalysis datasets with Advanced Himawari Imager measurements over East Asia

The team's study found consistent wet biases in upper troposphere water vapor depiction across six reanalysis datasets, with the most significant bias over the Tibetan Plateau. The findings highlight the need for improved water vapor simulation in reanalysis data to enhance climate modeling and forecasting accuracy.

SourceInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences·JournalAdvances in Atmospheric Sciences·DateAug 15, 2023

Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology researchers design efficient iridium catalyst for hydrogen generation

Researchers at Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology have developed a novel mesoporous tantalum oxide-supported iridium nanostructure catalyst for efficient proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. The catalyst exhibits improved oxygen evolution reaction activity, stability, and cost-effectiveness.

SourceGIST (Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology)·JournalJournal of Power Sources·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 15, 2023

Many expensive cancer drugs have unclear patient benefit

A study by the University of Gothenburg found that many expensive cancer drugs have unclear patient benefits, with only one drug showing both increased life expectancy and improved quality of life. The researchers emphasize the need for further discussions on drug approvals to ensure effective use of limited healthcare resources.

SourceUniversity of Gothenburg·JournalClinical Drug Investigation·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateAug 15, 2023

Why parental pressures are taking the fun out of children’s play

A new study from the University of Essex finds that modern parental pressures and expectations are leaving children with less time for independent play. This is leading to concerns about children's development and increased sedentary behavior due to technology. The study suggests a need for a culture shift where policymakers encourage ...

SourceUniversity of Essex·JournalSociology of Health & Illness·TypeSurvey·DateAug 15, 2023

Many adults who smoke cigarettes wrongly think that vaping is worse for them, say Hollings researcher and FDA Center for Tobacco Products director

A recent commentary highlights the misconception that vaping is worse for adults who smoke. Experts emphasize the importance of educating adults about relative risks while preventing youth use. For those who can't quit with medications or counseling, transitioning to e-cigarettes may be a less harmful route.

Advanced magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials and their applications

Core-shell nanostructured Mg-based hydrogen storage materials show excellent kinetics and long-term cycling performances. They can absorb and desorb hydrogen at relatively low temperatures, reducing energy consumption in hydrogen storage and release. The materials have potential to improve Mg-based hydrogen storage systems for various ...

SourceIndustrial Chemistry & Materials·JournalIndustrial Chemistry and Materials·TypeLiterature review·DateAug 15, 2023

Strategies of kleptocrats and their enablers are becoming increasingly sophisticated, experts warn

Experts warn of increasingly sophisticated strategies used by kleptocrats to manage illicit finances, recast public images, and undermine liberal activism. The study identifies 'transnational uncivil societies' that use wealth managers, lawyers, and other enablers to maintain power and legitimacy.

SourceUniversity of Exeter·JournalEuropean Journal of International Relations·TypeMeta-analysis·DateAug 15, 2023

In-school occupational therapy creates positive education experiences for kids with autism

A new study finds that in-school occupational therapy can create positive learning environments for children with autism by supporting parent-teacher relationships and understanding their unique needs. The therapy helps teachers get to know the child's needs better and facilitate effective communication between parents and schools.

SourceUniversity of South Australia·JournalAmerican Journal of Occupational Therapy·TypeMeta-analysis·DateAug 15, 2023

Robotic exoskeletons and neurorehabilitation for acquired brain injury: Determining the potential for recovery of overground walking

A team of New Jersey researchers reviewed the evidence on robotic exoskeleton devices for individuals with acquired brain injury, laying out a systematic framework for future research. The review highlights the need for comprehensive approaches to evaluate these devices and their role in improving mobility in individuals with acquired ...

SourceKessler Foundation·JournalFrontiers in Neurorobotics·TypeMeta-analysis·DateAug 15, 2023

Lundquist Principal Investigator Dr. Michael Yeaman awarded $11.5 million NIAID/HHS grant for innovative research to understand and solve persistent bloodstream infections

Dr. Yeaman will apply state-of-the-art science to understand and solve antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Candida albicans infections. The new U19 Center program aims to predict individuals at risk of such infections and inform best antibiotic regimens for cures.

Making sense of life’s random rhythms

Researchers have developed a novel framework for comparing and contrasting oscillations across different mechanisms, enabling better understanding of brain waves, heartbeats, and other stochastic oscillations. This breakthrough could lead to new insights into neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and atrial fibrillation.

SourceCase Western Reserve University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateAug 15, 2023

Carnegie Mellon University developed AI method uses transformer models to study human cells

Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have developed a new AI method that uses transformer models to analyze images of human cells. The technology, called subcellular spatial transcriptomics cell segmentation (SCS), accurately identifies individual cells and their constituent parts, revealing critical information about cellular org...

SourceCarnegie Mellon University·JournalNature Methods·DateAug 15, 2023

Weaker transcription factors are better when they work together

Researchers developed a method to design weaker transcription factors that work together to activate genes without activating naturally occurring genes. This approach, called cooperative assembly, strengthens the factors as a group but weakens them individually, ensuring targeted gene activation and long-term circuit stability.

SourceRice University·JournalCell·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 15, 2023

SLAC researchers take important step toward developing cavity-based X-ray laser tech

Researchers at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have developed a key process for next-gen X-ray lasers, demonstrating the use of synthetic diamond crystal mirrors to steer X-ray pulses around a rectangular racetrack. The achievement marks an important step towards creating brighter and more stable X-ray laser pulses.

SourceDOE/SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory·JournalNature Photonics·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 15, 2023

Controlling the source of electromagnetic waves enables control of the period of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS)

Controlling the source of electromagnetic waves enables control of the period of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), increasing fabrication speed and accuracy. Researchers discovered that varying the substrate material affects the LIPSS period, allowing for more precise manipulation.

SourceHigher Education Press·JournalFrontiers of Optoelectronics·DateAug 15, 2023

New online course equips personal care assistants with essential knowledge for supporting individuals with spinal cord injury

The new online course, “Understanding Spinal Cord Injury: A Course for Personal Care Assistants,” enhances training for PCAs to provide quality assistance services for individuals with spinal cord injury. The four-module course covers topics such as building relationships, managing blood pressure, and transferring clients safely.