Researchers found that over 145 teragrams of phosphorus have been applied as fertilizer since 1866, with only 52 teragrams remaining in cropland soils. The US could exhaust its domestic phosphorus supply within 40 years, making recycling and circular pathways crucial to meet growing food demands.
Researchers at the University of Arkansas have designed a stable and biologically active version of human fibroblast growth factor (FGF), which has potent wound-healing and anti-diabetic properties. The study's findings have the potential to improve tissue repair processes in metabolic diseases like chronic diabetes.
A recent study found that heat shock can drive changes in protein modifications, such as acetylation, to rapidly activate essential proteins for survival. This understanding could pave the way for better therapeutics and shed light on various diseases like heart disease, Parkinson's, and cancer.
Researchers have elucidated how a bacterial enzyme breaks down tough collagen using its unique structure and dynamics. The process is highly efficient and allows the enzyme to travel in one direction along the collagen molecule, cutting it apart step by step.
Researchers at the University of Arkansas have developed a sulfide coating that significantly increases the life, power, and safety of lithium batteries. The coating, applied to nickel-rich cathodes, protects the battery electrolyte from decomposition and stabilizes the interface, leading to improved performance and longer lifespan.
Researchers at the University of Arkansas developed an AI diagnostic tool to detect masked hypertension, a condition where people have high blood pressure but normal readings during exams. The tool uses machine learning and health indicators to predict masked hypertension with accuracy, potentially saving lives and improving patient care.
A new study by University of Arkansas researchers found that social media can help reduce anxiety in young adults with high openness to experience, extraversion, agreeableness, and low conscientiousness. The study showed strong associations between emotional support on social media and reduced anxiety symptoms, especially among females.
A new AI tool, CattleFever, uses artificial intelligence and thermal cameras to estimate cattle body temperature from a photo. The system can automatically determine an animal's body temperature within 1 degree of the reading from a thermometer.
A recent study found that muscle impairment from anorexia nervosa persists even after weight regain, with significant reductions in muscle size and strength. This could have implications for treatment strategies and outcomes for individuals recovering from the condition.
Researchers discovered Yersinia pestis DNA in a 4,000-year-old domesticated sheep from Arkaim, Russia, providing a missing link for the Bronze Age plague's widespread spread. The findings suggest that people, livestock, and an unidentified natural reservoir played a dynamic role in the disease's evolution.
A team of researchers found that common buckeye butterflies change their eye tissue gene expression between summer and fall, indicating they see their environment differently. The study confirms seasonal patterns in the expression of many genes important for vision and eye development.
Scientists found that a thin layer of germanium-tin sandwiched between silicon-germanium-tin barriers enhances electronic charge mobility. This discovery could advance neuromorphic computing and quantum computers, as well as enable new control knobs for engineering material properties.
Researchers at the University of Arkansas have developed a lead-free alternative to essential electronics component ferroelectric materials. By applying mechanical strain, they enhanced lead-free ferroelectrics, opening possibilities for devices and sensors implanted in humans.
Researchers at the University of Arkansas and Michigan have successfully used graphene-based solar cells to power ultra-low power temperature sensors. The breakthrough enables the development of multi-modal sensors that can last decades, paving the way for the 'Internet of Things' by providing an alternative to traditional battery-powe...
A team of researchers has discovered a 2.75-million-year-old site in Kenya with continuous evidence of Oldowan technology use over 300,000 years, despite major environmental changes. The study reveals that hominins persisted in using the same tool kit to access new resources and survive.
The team successfully tested a hybrid Cessna 337 plane with a smaller, more efficient silicon carbide-based motor drive system. The technology reduces the overall size and weight of the plane, making it ideal for small aircraft where space is limited.
University of Arkansas researchers have found a new way to clean wastewater of toxic and carcinogenic dyes commonly used in the garment industry. They developed an environmentally friendly solution using lignin, a low-cost biopolymer derived from plant cell walls.
New research confirms early human species, Homo and Australopithecus, coexisted in Ethiopia between 2.6-3.0 million years ago. The discovery fills a critical gap in the evolution puzzle, revealing that early humans did not replace other hominin species but rather overlapped with them.
Researchers at the University of Arkansas have created a new controlled release system that uses cellulose nanocrystals and alginate to deliver bioactive compounds to specific areas of the body. The system protects medications from acid in the stomach and releases them in alkaline environments, such as the intestines.
Researchers found that brines can develop for brief periods during late winter and early spring from melting frost, suggesting transient water activity is most likely during specific seasons. The study highlights the importance of targeting seasonal windows to detect brine formation with future astrobiological investigations.
A new study found that targeted concussion treatment improved the quality of life for patients, with 83% reporting full recovery and normal HRQoL scores. The study also revealed that previous concussions were not associated with current poor quality of life scores.
A study found that CEOs with Machiavellian personalities, characterized by self-interest and manipulation, earn significantly more than their counterparts. These leaders often secure higher pay through negotiation skills, benefiting both the company and themselves.
A recent study by University of Arkansas researchers found that stress makes people more prone to riskier decisions due to decreased loss aversion. In contrast, under stress, women are better at predicting outcomes and men have a stronger grasp of consequences.
A study of 200 pilots found that errors caused by lack of skills or poor decisions often contributed to inflight loss of control incidents. The research highlights the need for better pilot training, particularly in recovering from out-of-control situations like spins and spirals.
A high protein diet has been shown to improve birds' immune function and tolerance to infection by triggering the expression of immune-related genes. Birds fed a high protein diet were more resistant to infection and showed reduced symptoms compared to those fed a high lipid diet.
Diatoms, a group of photosynthetic microalgae, evolved slowly for 100 million years before experiencing an evolutionary burst 170 million years ago. This discovery could offer clues to Earth's history, including ocean changes and atmospheric oxygen levels.
Researchers have discovered a common gene linked to human kidney disease is also present in sea anemones, allowing their hair cells to detect water movement. This finding suggests an evolutionarily ancient role for the gene in sensing fluid movement, predating the common ancestor of mammals and sea anemones.
A new study by Maira E. Ezerins finds that autistic job applicants face increased anxiety in interviews and have concerns about their traits being viewed by employers. The research proposes concrete steps to improve the interview process, including flexibility, general questions, and skill showcases.
A recent study by an international team of researchers suggests that the iron oxide mineral ferrihydrite is responsible for Mars' distinctive red hue. The researchers combined observational data with laboratory experiments to create Martian dust that matched known spectral data, indicating a water-rich environment in the past.
Researchers developed ItpCtrl-AI, a transparent AI framework that reads chest X-rays like a radiologist, providing accurate diagnoses and increasing trust in medical technology. The framework uses a gaze heat map to show the computer where to search for abnormalities and what section of the image requires less attention.
The University of Arkansas researcher Samir El-Ghazaly is designing a massive anechoic chamber to test antennas and certify RF interference produced by large electrical devices. The chamber, valued at nearly $1M, will be a testing site for Xtremis and potentially entice other startups to the area.
Researchers have discovered cut-marked fossil bones from the Grăunceanu site in Romania, dating back to around 1.95 million years ago, indicating early hominin presence in Eurasia 200,000 years earlier than previously thought. The findings provide evidence of tool use by hominins and suggest a more complex history of human evolution.
Researchers Vincent Chevrier and Rachel Slank investigate the existence of liquid brines on Mars, concluding that current evidence is insufficient. They suggest that while brines are promising for finding life on Mars, they remain highly un-habitable by terrestrial standards.
Researchers found that small doses of MYC can stimulate muscle growth in skeletal muscles, even in the absence of exercise. This discovery has implications for developing therapies to reduce muscle loss from aging and improving independence and mobility.
A new study suggests that high-quality friendships formed through social networking can contribute to improved self-esteem, leading to reduced levels of loneliness. The research found that young adults who felt connected with others on social media experienced increased self-esteem, which in turn reduced feelings of loneliness.
A team of researchers has identified a previously unknown compound, chloronitramide anion, in chloraminated drinking water. The compound's toxicity is not yet known, but its prevalence and similarity to other toxic compounds warrant further study.
The Fayetteville Police Department has seen a significant improvement in its response to mental health crises thanks to its partnership with the University of Arkansas School of Social Work. The co-response teams, which pair officers with trained social workers, have reduced workload and helped better serve individuals in crisis.
A new study by University of Arkansas researchers found that school suspensions and expulsions can lead to higher rates of depression through adolescence and into early adulthood. Adolescents who were suspended or expelled showed significantly higher depressive symptoms, which increased over time.
The Department of Energy awarded nearly $1 million to researchers at the University of Arkansas to develop a prototype for high-voltage power modules that can handle higher voltages and temperatures. The goal is to create smaller, more efficient, and more reliable fast-charging stations for electric vehicles.
The US Department of Defense has awarded $514,000 to study the efficacy of gene editors in treating Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Researchers will explore non-viral options for delivering gene therapy through 'self-delivering' gene editors, aiming to improve safety and efficacy.
Researchers aim to improve gene therapy design for life-long correction of genetic diseases, but face unknowns including immune response and genomic changes. A five-year NIH award will fund an analysis of genetic and cellular determinants of gene therapy longevity.
The US Department of Energy has awarded $975,000 to researchers at the University of Arkansas to study aluminum scandium nitride, a ferroelectric material that could be integrated into existing silicon computing platforms. This research aims to create faster computers with lower energy consumption.
A new five-year NIH-funded study will investigate the impact of stress, illness, and inflammation on bias in healthcare workers, particularly towards patients from racial minority groups. The research aims to identify situations that increase bias and develop effective anti-bias strategies.
Researchers at the University of Arkansas propose a new explanation for the observed pattern: statistical noise. The study suggests that 'noise' creates a misleading hyperbolic pattern, making it seem like evolutionary rates increase over shorter time frames.
Researchers propose a new model for understanding how new genes can originate through the recycling and innovation of ancestral genes. A study on antifreeze proteins in fish reveals that similar proteins evolved independently from different genetic sources, demonstrating convergent evolution and protein sequence convergence.
A team of researchers from the University of Arkansas has made a breakthrough in understanding species abundance by linking it to genome size. The study found that temperature and genome size are key drivers of diatom population growth rates, with body size still playing a role in colder latitudes.
A new paper found that subsurface barriers will likely lead to more groundwater flooding and result in less protection against saltwater intrusion into groundwater. The researchers recommend using additional plans to deal with extra water, such as pumps or French drains, to mitigate the risks.
Researchers found that green and golden bell frogs can clear the infection when exposed to warmer temperatures in artificial 'frog saunas.' The study suggests that warm-preferring species may have an advantage over cold-preferring species, offering a potential solution for conservation efforts.
Researchers found 45% of TikTok videos promoting age-verification-free sales, highlighting a loophole in local and federal laws. Small business owners used hashtag challenges like #discreetshipping to circumvent regulations, selling products via Instagram or Telegram.
Researchers will use high-resolution scans and data analysis to investigate the influence of genes and environment on tooth morphology in two primate species. The study aims to advance bioanthropological practice and provide a comprehensive understanding of dental genetic architecture.