Scientists at The Wistar Institute have developed an innovative HIV vaccine candidate that induces neutralizing antibodies against HIV after a single immunization in nonhuman primates. The approach could significantly shorten and simplify HIV vaccination protocols, making them more accessible worldwide.
Researchers from ASU found that status inequality in influence has been part of human societies since early times, with people gravitating towards skilled and successful individuals. This 'prestige' effect creates a snowball effect where popular leaders emerge quickly, shaping group decisions and driving imbalance.
A randomized controlled trial demonstrates the effectiveness of mylovia, a digital therapy for female sexual dysfunction, showing significant improvements in sexual function and related symptoms. The study suggests that mylovia can provide women with a self-guided intervention to overcome sexual dysfunction and experience deeper pleasure.
Researchers have identified two immense, ultra-hot rock structures at the base of the mantle that affect the Earth's magnetic field. The study suggests strong temperature contrasts in the rocky mantle and stagnation of liquid iron in the core, shedding light on the dynamic evolution of the deep Earth.
Dr. Ronald C. Kessler's decades-long research transformed international understanding of psychiatric disorders and suicide prevention. His work exposes the global scope of mental health challenges and highlights key factors in prevention.
Researchers found that psilocybin reduced novelty-seeking in control mice, but heightened it in anorexia model mice. Inflammation levels were also altered, contradicting expectations based on human studies. The study's findings have implications for understanding anorexia nervosa and the potential therapeutic effects of psychedelics.
Researchers have developed stable boron-fluorine compounds that enable the modification of complex molecules without breaking down medicines. These new compounds make it possible to increase the effect or reduce side effects of drugs at a late stage, reducing waste and improving resource efficiency.
Research found cats' hair and whisker nitrogen isotope values resemble those of vegans, indicating high efficiency in protein processing. This challenges the long-held assumption that carnivore isotopic signatures can determine diet.
A blind patient partially recovered natural vision through electrical stimulation of the visual cortex, independent of the implant. The recovery was sustained over time and remained even after the device was removed, suggesting individual factors may have contributed to this outcome.
Early marine algae like prasinophytes relied on Lhcp, a unique LHC complex with structural differences from plant LHCII. These similarities and differences may have enabled plants to transition from oceans to land, driven by the stabilization of trimer architecture through pigment-protein interactions.
A landmark study in the UK is examining how background noise in nurseries affects early language development in nearly 2 million children. The research, led by the University of East London, aims to identify simple, low-cost solutions to improve nursery environments for disadvantaged backgrounds.
Research reveals three major types of ant societies: small colonies with a single queen and diverse workers in tropical regions, large colonies with multiple queens and uniform workers in deserts, and temperate regions with polygynous and monomorphic colonies. Environmental conditions shape these social structures on a global scale.
The Sleep Innovation Laboratories, led by Dr. Matthew Walker and Eti Ben Simon, aims to bridge foundational neuroscience with real-world application related to sleep. The Labs will focus on creating greater access to engaging, actionable sleep education and advancing a core strategy of the Center for BrainHealth.
A rare genetic mutation has been discovered that can explain why some people do not respond to newer schizophrenia treatments. The mutation, known as C182F, removes a structural bond in the TAAR1 receptor, blocking its binding site and rendering drugs ineffective.
Researchers at UC Irvine found that climate change is decreasing the atmospheric lifetime of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, by 1.4 percent per decade. This decrease alters climate projections for the rest of the 21st century, introducing significant uncertainty.
A longitudinal study has identified key physical performance indicators that contribute to severe knee injuries in rugby players. The analysis found associations between direct contact injuries and greater severity and burden, as well as a high limb symmetry index for hip internal rotation strength and hip extension strength.
Researchers used advanced microscopy and computational modeling to discover why herpesvirus infection changes nuclear structures and biomechanical forces. The study found that DNA viruses infect cells and take over the host cell nucleus, leading to dramatic structural modifications and a softening of the nucleus.
Dr. Àlex Bayés Puig advances SYNGAP1 research with a new SynGAP biomarker study funded by CURE SYNGAP1, enabling the detection of SYNGAP1 protein levels in blood cells. This breakthrough approach has the potential to transform diagnostics and clinical research for SYNGAP1 patients.
Farmed trout fed plant-based diets exhibit lower growth rates and efficiency, but delayed brain opioid system changes occur later. The study found that opioid-related genes are affected after 8 months, suggesting a strong engagement of reward pathways under long-term nutritional pressure.
A team of researchers from The University of Osaka compared the way humans and machines think about words, finding some strong correlations but also significant discrepancies. Human ratings varied widely across words like prepositions and conjunctions, while LLMs tended to assign consistently low ratings.
A laboratory study found that adding biochar to living wall substrates improves thermal insulation while retaining moisture more efficiently. Biochar-amended mixes showed lower thermal conductivity and improved moisture retention, reducing irrigation demand and weight when fully saturated.
Researchers propose a new framework called mechano biogeochemistry, suggesting that natural mechanical forces can be converted into electrical energy through the piezoelectric effect. This process allows microbes to grow and carry out chemical reactions even in the absence of sunlight or traditional chemical fuels.
Researchers find co-pyrolysis converts agricultural waste into valuable biochar, reducing emissions while improving soil health and sustainability. The process could cut millions of tons of emissions and deliver substantial carbon emission reductions.
A Caltech-led team developed bubble bots that can autonomously target tumors using chemotactic behavior, reducing tumor weight by 60% in mice. The robots use a biocompatible protein shell and can be controlled using ultrasound imaging or magnetically responsive particles.
Apusomonads display a clear avoidance response to blue light by asymmetrizing their posterior flagellum and contracting their cell body. This primitive mechanism provides clues to the evolution of high-speed flagellar movements in opisthokonts.
Researchers have created a nonlinear metasurface that efficiently generates and steers visible light through controlled geometric phase. The device combines high-Q resonance enhancement with pixel-level control of the wavefront, enabling compact chip-based visible/UV sources and LiDAR beam steering.
Researchers at HKUST have developed a novel reinforcement learning-based generative model to predict neural signals and create an artificial information pathway bypassing damaged brain areas. This breakthrough offers new possibilities for neural rehabilitation in patients with motor or cognitive impairments.
Researchers at Adelaide University have uncovered a crucial new mechanism controlling heart development by regulating key growth signals. Neural crest cells fine-tune Wnt signalling to ensure proper heart formation, and disruptions lead to serious congenital heart defects.
A meta-analysis of individual patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer shows that metastasis-directed radiation therapy (MDT) significantly improves patient outcomes, including delayed disease progression and better quality of life. The study included 574 men and found a median of 7.6 months before disease progression in the MDT a...
Researchers found metformin reduces progression of AMD by 37% in people over 55 years, a breakthrough in search for new treatments. The study used pictures from 2,000 eye screenings and adjusted for factors like age, sex, and duration of diabetes.
Researchers at CUNY ASRC developed a metasurface that converts infrared light to visible green light and steers it using polarization control. The device is 100 times more efficient than comparable devices, enabling ultra-compact light sources and on-chip beam steering for various technologies.
Research investigates the influence of strong laser fields on nuclear decay lifetimes, altering nuclear structure and properties. This study provides valuable insights into laser-nucleus interactions and holds promise for applications in the nuclear energy sector.
A new study by RMIT University found that protections in place in Europe can help phase out harmful electricity disconnections without destabilizing power markets. The research highlights the need for evidence-led action to extend disconnection prohibitions and strengthen safeguards for vulnerable consumers.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a novel approach to recover native lignin structure in plants, enabling higher yields of valuable materials with lower energy inputs. This breakthrough advances biofuel production by providing a key component for conversion to other valuable products.
A new study suggests that women vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV) may only need cervical cancer screenings 2-3 times over a lifetime, without compromising health benefits. This approach could lead to cost-effectiveness and reduced unnecessary follow-up procedures.
Researchers have developed a new AI-powered correction that addresses instability in hybrid climate models, allowing for reliable simulation of months or years-long processes. The CondensNet architecture learns from reference simulations to correct condensation errors, ensuring physically consistent results.
A new study from the University of Illinois finds that a poverty intervention program in Bangladesh may reinforce gender gaps. The program, BRAC-TUP, provides families with livestock assets, technical training, and life-skills coaching, but its impact on education for girls is limited.
A recent study published in PNAS reveals a novel non-coding RNA molecule, CUL1-IPA, that regulates key cellular functions and supports the structural integrity of the nucleolus. The discovery suggests this molecule may influence patient survival in certain blood cancers.
A new study by OHSU-led researchers found that nearly one-third of physicians enrolled in Medicaid don't actually care for a single patient covered by Medicaid insurance. This 'ghost' phenomenon hinders access to healthcare, leading to delayed or foregone care and ultimately increasing costs.
Researchers found a significant decrease in lead concentrations in hair samples from Utahns, spanning over 100 years. The study demonstrates the impact of environmental regulations on public health and highlights the importance of protecting against toxic metals like lead.
A two-step approach to gene expression creates more resilient producers of nanostructures for advanced sensing and therapeutics. This new genetic regulatory system ensures host cells remain healthy while producing functional nanostructures.
Researchers at Harvard University have developed a new design method for optimizing rolling contact joints in robots, which can lead to better grippers, assistive devices, and more efficient robotic movement. The optimized joints performed spectacularly, correcting misalignment by 99% in knee-assist devices.
A new CU Boulder study reveals that tropical land regions heated up nearly twice as much as the ocean when carbon dioxide levels were similar to today's. The researchers found that land temperatures in the tropics changed about 1.6 to nearly 2 times more than the tropical ocean.
A new AI model can predict moderate heat stress on Florida reefs up to six weeks ahead of time. The model is accurate within one week and provides site-specific predictions, helping coral scientists and restoration practitioners with local reef management and emergency response planning.
Researchers at Stanford University discovered that aging brains struggle with protein disposal, leading to the accumulation of damaged proteins in synaptic connections. This finding sheds light on the mechanisms behind neurodegenerative diseases and may lead to new insights into human brain aging.
Exposure to ozone levels found in affected areas alters the ants' odor signature, causing them to be attacked as if they were foreign intruders. The disruption of chemical communication between adult ants and larvae may also lead to neglect of brood care and larval death.
Researchers achieve highly regio-, stereo-, and enantioselective 1,6-addition of aliphatic Grignard reagents to α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated carbonyl compounds using an iron catalyst with a chiral N-heterocyclic carbene ligand. The achievement offers new opportunities for drug discovery, materials chemistry, and fine-chemical synthesis.
A study by UC Riverside found that Black and Latino teens are more adept at detecting online disinformation, particularly related to race and ethnicity. These teens are quicker to identify false claims and respond with corrective content, often driven by their lived experiences navigating online racism.
A new experimental intranasal spray, INNA-051, will be tested in a randomized Phase 2 trial to determine its safety and effectiveness in reducing illness from respiratory viruses. The study aims to enroll 1,100 healthy adults at increased risk of upper respiratory virus infections.
The latest APA Journal issues explore the intersection of neuroplasticity and substance use, as well as emerging trends in outpatient psychotherapy. The American Psychiatric Association's flagship journals offer insightful research on mental health topics.
A study found that using SGLT2i drugs in patients with gout and type 2 diabetes can lead to lower rates of starting urate-lowering therapy, NSAIDs, and diuretics. This could streamline care and reduce medication burden for these patients.
Scientists at Nagoya University identified a brain circuit that keeps mice awake in unfamiliar environments, releasing neurotensin to maintain wakefulness and protect against potential dangers. This discovery may explain the 'first night effect' in humans, where the brain remains vigilant on the first night in a new place.
Research found that horses exhibit fearful behavior when exposed to human fear odors, adopting the emotional state of fear. This suggests a mechanism of emotional contagion through chemical cues between humans and horses.
Researchers found that narrower soybean leaves can improve how efficiently plants use available light. By altering leaf shape through a single gene, they reduced total leaf area by 13% without affecting yield, resulting in more efficient sunlight conversion into seed.
Researchers have developed an open-source pressure myography tool, HemoLens, which reduces the cost of vascular research to $750 from $40,000. The tool uses affordable manufacturing processes and customizable components, making it easier for researchers to study vascular function.
Individuals who combine climate worry with actions such as volunteering, following a plant-based diet, or avoiding air travel experience fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms. Climate hope in society's ability to mitigate climate change also correlates with reduced mental health issues.
A study found that prenatal alcohol exposure changed aspects of the dopamine system in rhesus monkeys, influencing how quickly they drank alcohol in adulthood. The researchers also discovered individualized neuroadaptive responses to drinking, which may promote the transition to alcohol use disorder.
NTU Singapore is launching three new space projects under the Space Access Programme to accelerate the commercialization of space technologies. The projects include an AI-enabled satellite, a nanosatellite testing next-generation solar cells, and another nanosatellite with advanced propulsion systems.
A new questionnaire-based scale assesses nursing practices supporting fertility preservation decisions in women with cancer. The study highlights three essential dimensions of nursing practice: professional decision-support, communication facilitation, and system-based collaboration.
Researchers discovered that Apex1 plays a crucial role in initiating and progressing bone healing after injury. The protein is required for activating the master regulatory gene Bmp2, which initiates healing by stimulating periosteal expansion and callus formation.