Science News for February 4, 2026

Functional forecasting: University of Rhode Island team uses Homeland Security exercises to evaluate storm decision support tool as part of Katrina lookback issue

A University of Rhode Island team used Homeland Security exercises to evaluate their storm decision support tool, CHAMP, for improving response to major coastal storms. The exercise simulated the impact of Hurricane Henri on Rhode Island and found that tools like CHAMP can geolocate vulnerabilities and simulate weather hazards.

A new methodology allows for a more precise review of Late Paleolithic portable art and improves the reliability of archaeological interpretations

A new methodology uses photogrammetry and microtopographic analysis to analyze fine engravings in Late Paleolithic portable art, improving the reliability of archaeological interpretations. The technique provides a detailed characterization of groove morphology and variations in depth and width.

Housing conditions and outdoor air pollution together affect children’s asthma risk, new ECHO study shows

A new study found that children growing up in homes with water damage and exposed to high levels of outdoor air pollution have a greater risk of developing asthma. The study also revealed that having a dog during infancy can reduce the risk of asthma in children.

41 US states are getting warmer, all in slightly different ways

A study published in PLOS Climate found that 41 US states are getting warmer, with regional variation likely to impact agriculture, public health, and climate action. Most states experience warming in specific parts of their temperature distribution, highlighting strong regional inequalities in climate change impacts.

Unraveling the physics behind Kamchatka's 73-year earthquake cycle

A massive Kamchatka earthquake with a magnitude of 8.8-8.9 struck off the peninsula in 2025, rupturing nearly the same region as a 1952 M9-class earthquake. The study estimated fault slip reached 9-12 m across a broad area, substantially exceeding the accumulated slip deficit since 1952.

DNA provides a solution to our enormous data storage problem

ASU researchers use DNA to store and protect information in fundamentally new ways, offering a nature-inspired alternative to silicon-based solutions. The approach uses tiny DNA structures that act like physical letters to record and analyze electrical signals, providing high accuracy and scalability.

Simulations and experiments meet: Machine learning predicts the structures of gold nanoclusters

Researchers used machine learning to simulate gold nanoclusters' behavior under realistic conditions, revealing structural changes and polymer-like chain formation. The study demonstrates the accuracy of the machine learning potential in understanding nanomaterials' properties.

SMART and NUS pioneer neural blueprint for human-like intelligence in soft robots

Researchers developed a new AI control system that allows soft robots to learn a broad set of motions once and adapt instantly to changing conditions without retraining. The system combines structural learning with real-time adaptiveness, making it suitable for diverse tasks and environments.

Human-AI relationships in fiction: A theoretical cultural framework of AI representations

A study examines how human-AI coexistence is represented in fictional works, revealing varying roles and degrees of autonomy. The findings propose a theoretical model conceptualizing AI as an entity forming relationships with humans.

BBB-crossing ionizable upconversion nanoparticles for synergistic therapy of carbapenem-resistant central nervous system infection

Researchers developed a novel nanoparticle system to cross the BBB, target infection sites, and release antibacterial agents locally. This strategy effectively disrupts biofilms, eliminates drug-resistant bacteria, and reduces neuroinflammation.

Kumamoto University Professor Kazuya Yamagata receives 2025 Erwin von Bälz Prize (Second Prize)

Professor Kazuya Yamagata received the 2025 Erwin von Bâlz Prize Second Prize for his groundbreaking research on pancreatic Ò-cell transcription factors and their role in monogenic diabetes. His work significantly deepens our understanding of β-cell function and diabetes pathophysiology.

Tropical peatlands are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions

Researchers from Hokkaido University used a new method to track groundwater levels and greenhouse gas emissions in Southeast Asia's peatlands, finding they release more gases than previously thought. Human activities like drainage and agriculture increase emissions by tripling or sixfolding, contributing 30% of Japan's annual emissions.

Sustainable electrosynthesis of ethylamine at an industrial scale

A new catalyst enables efficient and stable electrosynthesis of ethylamine at industrial scale, overcoming long-standing challenges in selectivity loss and instability. The developed method supports continuous energy-efficient production of EA using electricity and water.

Innovation at a crossroads: Virginia Tech scientist calls for balance between research integrity and commercialization

A Virginia Tech scientist emphasizes the importance of preserving the nation's ability to turn discovery into life-saving therapies. He argues that strong transparency and careful oversight are key to making the technology-transfer ecosystem work, and that abandoning it could have unintended consequences.

A mint idea becomes a game changer for medical devices

Researchers at Flinders University developed a high-performance coating made from peppermint essential oil that protects against infection, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The coating demonstrates strong antibacterial action against key pathogens, including E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

From cytoplasm to nucleus: A new workflow to improve gene therapy odds

Researchers at the University of California - San Diego have developed a new method to improve gene therapy by increasing the efficacy of gene delivery while minimizing harmful side effects. The new workflow allows for increased control of nuclear DNA delivery, with greater than tenfold increase in nuclear DNA delivery observed.

Gut microbe–derived butyrate activates immune cells to enhance vaccine efficacy

A study published in Microbiome found that gut microbiome-derived butyrate activates immune cells to enhance vaccine efficacy by promoting T follicular helper (Tfh) cell activity and mucosal antibody production. This discovery highlights the crucial role of gut environment regulation in controlling infections and enhancing vaccine resp...

No brain, no problem: What robots can learn from sea stars

Researchers at USC's Kanso Bioinspired Motion Lab discovered that sea stars' tube feet respond independently to changing loads, enabling local control strategy. This decentralized approach can optimize robot locomotion and adapt to environmental changes.

Rates of autism in girls and boys may be more equal than previously thought

A study from Sweden found autism rates among male and female individuals to be comparable, with a clear catch-up effect in females during adolescence. This challenges the long-held assumption that autism predominantly affects males.

Are returning Pumas putting Patagonian Penguins at risk? New study reveals the likelihood

A new study reveals that more than 7,000 adult Magellanic penguins were killed by pumas in just four years, posing a significant threat to the penguin population. The research suggests that high puma predation rates could exacerbate reproductive decline and juvenile mortality, ultimately putting the colony at risk of extinction.

Three Illinois Tech engineering professors named IEEE fellows

Three Illinois Tech engineers recognized for their contributions to sustainable wireless communication and networking. Boris Pervan also received an award for his work on satellite navigation integrity. Thomas Wong honored for his research in high-frequency electronics and materials characterization.

Exposure to burn injuries played key role in shaping human evolution, study suggests

A new study published in BioEssays suggests that humans' increased exposure to high temperature burn injuries may have driven notable genetic adaptations, including faster inflammation and wound closure. These traits helped humans survive small to moderate burns but became harmful for large burns.

Five mutational “fingerprints” could help predict how visible tumours are to the immune system

Researchers discovered five dominant patterns of protein-altering mutations that determine tumor visibility to the immune system. These 'fingerprints' help predict immunotherapy response and suggest a more personalized approach to cancer treatment.

Testing menstrual blood for HPV could be “robust alternative” to cervical screening

A study from China finds that testing menstrual blood for human papillomavirus (HPV) can detect cervical cancer with high accuracy, comparable to clinician-collected samples. The non-invasive method allows women to collect samples at home, enhancing feasibility for large-scale implementation.

New consumer survey shows many still incorrectly believe CPR requires special training

A new consumer survey shows nearly six in ten Americans still believe only trained individuals should perform Hands-Only CPR. Immediate CPR is proven to improve outcomes, and research indicates it can double or triple a person's chance of survival. To learn more about Hands-Only CPR, visit the American Heart Association website.

Learn to save a life with CPR at Super Bowl LX

The American Heart Association and NFL collaborate to provide Hands-Only CPR instruction during Super Bowl Experience, aiming to double survival rates by 2030. Qualified trainers will be on site, offering walk-up style instruction to the public.

Origami-inspired space structure is compact when launched, expanded in space

Researchers at the University of Illinois developed origami-inspired waveguides that can be launched in a compact, folded state and expanded to full size after deployment into space. The design aims to improve the efficiency of high-powered satellites by delivering energy from one component to another.

136 schools nationwide awarded grants to improve student, faculty health

The American Heart Association and the National Football League have selected 136 schools nationwide to receive grants to promote physical activity and well-being for students and faculty. The grants will support four key areas, including physical activity equipment, FLAG football, and well-being resources.

Major Arena Soccer League launches Play with Heart Initiative

The Major Arena Soccer League is launching a league-wide initiative called Play with Heart, which aims to educate fans on Hands-Only CPR and promote heart health. The campaign will run throughout February and include in-arena activations, educational resources, and public service messages.

Scientists develop algae-derived biochar nanoreactor to tackle persistent PFAS pollution

Researchers have developed a new algae-based biochar material that breaks down PFOA with remarkable ability. The new material combines advanced nanotechnology with sustainable biomass resources, providing a promising strategy for removing difficult contaminants from water.

Soil pH shapes nitrogen competition between wheat and microbes, new study finds

A new study reveals that soil acidity influences how wheat competes with microorganisms for nitrogen. Wheat absorbed more nitrogen in calcareous soil, while microbial competition was stronger in acidic soils.

Two-stage hydrothermal process turns wastewater sludge into cleaner biofuel

Researchers create two-stage hydrothermal liquefaction approach that transforms sludge into cleaner bio-oil with lower nitrogen content and improved fuel properties. The process reduces nitrogen levels by up to 37% and increases desirable fuel compounds, offering a promising pathway for sustainable waste management.

“The Journey to End Cancer: From Cause to Cure” exhibition launches national tour with MD Anderson as presenting sponsor

Eating habits revealed by wearable cameras and AI

A new review highlights the limitations of traditional self-reported dietary tools and proposes an integrated framework combining emerging technologies to improve accuracy in dietary assessment. This approach may help build a clearer picture of what people truly eat and support healthier lives and food systems.

Mediterranean diet associated with lower risk of all stroke types

A recent study published in Neurology Open Access found that following a Mediterranean diet is associated with a reduced risk of stroke among women. The study, which involved over 105,000 participants, showed that the diet was linked to lower rates of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, as well as overall stroke risk.

Pancreatic cancer cell atlas highlights why many promising treatments fail

A new study reveals that the surrounding microenvironment plays a crucial role in driving basal cell development, leading to treatment failure. The study also discovers intermediate tumor subtypes that could lead to new therapeutic strategies.

MSK research highlights, February 4, 2026

Researchers from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center reveal the origins of Thetis cells, which play a crucial role in teaching immune system tolerance. The team used single-nucleus DNA sequencing to shed light on pancreatic cancer evolution and identify genetic changes that occur earlier or later in disease progression.

Ancient American pronghorns were built for speed

A University of Michigan study reveals that ancient American pronghorns were built for speed, with ankle bones remaining unchanged despite environmental change. The findings suggest that pronghorns adapted to running efficiently in a mosaic of woodlands and grasslands, implying their ability to thrive in future landscapes.

Invisible actors in groundwater

A study published in Nature Communications reveals the presence of previously unknown viruses in groundwater, which influence microbial community dynamics and nutrient cycling. The findings suggest that viruses are active players in shaping the groundwater microbiome.

Study in US veterans identifies agent orange exposure as a risk factor for rare skin cancer

A study of US veterans has identified a possible link between exposure to Agent Orange and acral melanoma, a rare form of skin cancer. The researchers found that veterans exposed to the herbicide had a 30% higher odds of developing this type of melanoma.

BU researchers create reliable atlas of cell types found in breast cancers

Researchers assembled a single-cell atlas of human breast tissue, combining data from 138 patients and 600,000 single cells. The atlas identifies new cell populations and links them to tumor features and patient outcomes.

Study: Nearly two-thirds of US hospitals using epic have adopted ambient ai—but disparities exist

A nationwide study found that nearly two-thirds of US hospitals using Epic have adopted ambient AI tools to reduce documentation burden and improve patient-provider communication. However, adoption rates vary significantly across hospitals with differing operating margins, size, location, ownership, and staffing levels.

Personalized palliative care shows signs of improving quality of life for children with advanced cancer

A Mass General Brigham-led study found that integrating feedback and personalized palliative care can improve the quality of life for children with advanced cancer. The study showed significant improvements in symptoms and well-being for patients who received the intervention, highlighting the potential benefits of early palliative care.

New research delves into strengthening radiology education during a time of workforce shortages and financial constraints

A new JACR focus issue explores alternative approaches to resident education, radiology residency applications, and investing in pre-clinical medical education. The study aims to spark meaningful dialogue around how radiology education is valued, supported, and delivered amidst economic challenges.

Sounding out animal reactions to the 2024 eclipse

Researchers found that while the eclipse influenced sound activity and diversity, it didn't alter acoustic complexity. The study used novel acoustic capture devices to record animal vocalizations before, during, and after the April 2024 eclipse at three Ohio sites.

Common bacteria discovered in the eye linked to cognitive decline

Researchers discovered Chlamydia pneumoniae can cause inflammation, nerve cell death and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests targeting chronic bacterial infection may represent a new treatment strategy.

Counting to preserve – 60th International Waterbird Census

The 60th International Waterbird Census has estimated the size and trends of waterbird populations, identified priority wetlands for waterbirds, and supported wetland protection and management. La Tour du Valat has contributed significantly to these efforts, particularly in the Mediterranean region.

Could these two genes make T cells unstoppable?

Researchers at Salk Institute uncover two transcription factors, ZSCAN20 and JDP2, that determine T cell fate. Turning off these genes reverses T cell exhaustion and restores their ability to kill tumors without losing immune memory. The study challenges the long-standing belief of inevitable immune exhaustion.

UT Health San Antonio researchers lead American Heart Association scientific statement on early recognition, intervention for post-stroke spasticity

Post-stroke spasticity affects an estimated 30-80% of stroke survivors, causing abnormal muscle tightness and involuntary spasms. Earlier diagnosis and timely intervention may improve functional outcomes and reduce long-term disability, according to the new scientific statement.

Invisible particles that control star birth measured for first time

A team led by Dr. Shmuel Bialy from the Technion has made a breakthrough measurement of cosmic-ray activity in a galactic nebula, enabling researchers to map properties and study star formation processes. The findings were published in Nature Astronomy and observed using the James Webb Space Telescope.

ACC streamlines cardiac accreditation for international hospital systems

The American College of Cardiology's Global Quality Solutions program now allows international hospitals to use approved internal data to meet accreditation requirements. This update enables hospitals to internally collect and submit aggregated data directly into ACC Accreditation tools, streamlining the accreditation process.

Researchers discover how to dampen electronic noise in materials with potential for quantum technologies

Scientists have developed prototype devices with lower noise levels than conventional electronics, using unconventional materials to form nanowires. These materials exhibit a unique property where noise drops as the electrical current increases, enabling potential applications in ultralow-noise communication and sensor technologies.

UCLA study reveals dual forces driving SARS-CoV-2 Evolution: Immune pressure and viral fitness

A new UCLA study clarifies the complex relationship between antibody-driven immunity, viral evolution, and disease severity in SARS-CoV-2. The research found that population-wide antibody responses exert a powerful selective pressure driving the virus to mutate and evade detection.

University of Oklahoma researcher awarded funding to uncover secrets of cloud formation

Salesky's research team will address uncertainty in how turbulent processes contribute to cloud formation by using simulations to replicate turbulence and test environmental conditions. The study aims to improve civilian and military weather forecasting models, with significant implications for precipitation and severe weather.

UCLA scientists identify optimal design for off-the-shelf immunotherapy targeting solid tumors

A UCLA research team has identified the best design for a promising new type of immunotherapy that could be mass-produced to treat multiple solid tumors. The 4-1BB-containing CAR design emerged as superior, demonstrating strongest anti-tumor activity and persistence.

'Discovery learning' AI tool predicts battery cycle life with just a few days' data

A new AI tool uses discovery learning to predict battery cycle life with just a few days' data, saving months to years of testing and substantial energy. The tool leverages physics-based features to establish parallels between historical battery designs, allowing for accurate prediction performance.

Norwegian prime minister Støre Presents the Mohn Prize to Canadian researcher

Professor John P. Smol, a leading researcher on Arctic environmental changes, received the prestigious Mohn Prize from Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre. Smol's work has provided crucial knowledge for addressing acid rain and pollution, with significant impacts beyond local communities.

New acoustic study reveals deep-diving behavior of elusive beaked whales

Scientists captured rare view of beaked whales by listening to their natural sounds, revealing deep-diving behavior. The study provides the first detailed description of Gervais' beaked whale dives anywhere in the world.

Lack of information hinders regulation of ‘green’ nanopesticides

New formulations of nanopesticides with natural ingredients have appeared in specialized literature, but there is no consensus on what constitutes a green pesticide. Researchers warn that terms such as 'sustainable' must be used correctly and that the natural components of these products do not eliminate environmental concerns.

Extensive freshened water beneath the ocean floor confirmed for the first time

An international team has successfully documented and sampled freshened water within a zone nearly 200 metres thick beneath the ocean floor. This discovery sheds light on offshore freshened groundwater systems and their relevance to coastal communities relying on groundwater for freshwater supply.

Journal documents 20 years of public health progress on dementia

The supplement issue documents unprecedented progress in establishing dementia as a public health priority, with brain health and caregiving now core components of public health practice. The Healthy Brain Initiative and BOLD Act have built a robust framework prioritizing brain health.

Pediatric Investigation review highlights the future of newborn screening with next-generation sequencing

The review explores how next-generation sequencing can enhance early disease detection in newborns by analyzing DNA from dried blood spots. This genomic approach expands the benefits of NGS by identifying conditions not detectable through traditional biochemical testing.

1 in 4 young people using psychotropic drugs are taking dangerous combinations

A study found that nearly a quarter of young people taking psychotropic medications were prescribed multiple medications with serious interaction risks. The greatest increases in medication use were seen among children and young adults, highlighting the need for careful monitoring and research on long-term safety.

Improving blood flow to the brain in arteries with plaque did not improve cognitive skills

A new study has found that improving blood flow to the brain by opening narrowed carotid arteries does not improve cognitive skills. The CREST-2 trial compared treatments and found no difference in thinking or memory over time among participants who received stenting, surgery, or intensive medical therapy.

Why misunderstood hand signals put cyclists at risk

A new study from Rice University suggests that drivers often misunderstand cyclist hand signals, which can lead to accidents. The research found that arm signals are the most effective way for drivers to understand a cyclist's intentions, but even these signals can be misinterpreted in certain situations.

Brown University professor John Donoghue wins Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering

Donoghue was recognized for his foundational leadership in advancing brain–computer interfaces, enabling individuals with paralysis to regain independence. His work has shown that neural activity persists even after spinal cord injury or neurological illnesses like ALS have robbed people of their ability to move.

A clearer view for IVF: New "invisible" culture dishes improve embryo selection

Researchers have developed a new hydrogel dish that sharpens embryo imaging, allowing for more accurate embryo selection in IVF. This breakthrough addresses a major challenge in the field, enabling embryologists to promote healthier growth without sacrificing visibility.

New gene discovery paves way for tailored psoriasis treatments

Researchers from Newcastle University and Queen Mary University of London have uncovered new molecular signatures of disease severity, metabolic factors, and genetic variants. The findings offer potential for improved disease management and personalized care for patients with psoriasis.

Bai lab secures two patents with EV industry partners

The Bai lab has developed two patented technologies to improve electric vehicle (EV) charging and power conversion, in collaboration with FORVIA HELLA and Volkswagen Group of America. These innovations enable more efficient energy transfer between the AC grid, high-voltage car battery, and low-voltage car battery.

The pitfalls of one-size-fits-all AI mental health treatment

A new study from George Mason University reveals that AI-driven antidepressant treatment can be less effective for African American patients due to the use of general population data. The study suggests that incorporating additional patient demographics, such as race and ethnicity, can improve the tool's effectiveness.

Infusion of clot-buster medication after clot removal may improve stroke recovery

Researchers found that adding alteplase to thrombectomy can significantly increase the chances of an excellent recovery in patients with large-artery ischemic strokes. The CHOICE2 trial showed improved outcomes in patients who received clot-busting medication after successful thrombectomy.

New AI model enables native speakers and foreign learners to read undiacritized Arabic texts with greater fluency

A new machine-learning system has been developed to overcome challenges in reading undiacritized Arabic scripts. The system, SukounBERT.v2, is designed to accurately restore diacritics and improve text readability for native speakers and foreign learners.

Emotional pain, not fear, weighs more heavily on individuals with PTSD

A new study in Biological Psychiatry found that emotional pain (guilt, shame, sadness, loss of joy) weighs more heavily on individuals with PTSD, impairing daily functioning more than fear. The research identified two distinct PTSD profiles: one centered on fear and the other on emotional pain.

Researchers urge focus on child obesity and gut health to reduce risk of diabetes

University of Toronto researchers highlight the importance of studying child obesity, gut bacteria, and metabolic conditions to prevent youth-onset diabetes. They emphasize the need for personalized interventions tailored to individual microbiome profiles.

Researchers find brain mechanism behind ‘flashes of intuition’

A new study by NYU Langone Health researchers identified the high-level visual cortex as the brain region responsible for one-shot perceptual learning, a type of fast flashes of insight. The team developed an AI model that replicated human-like perception using stored priors and achieved one-shot learning capability.

Molecular nature of ‘sleeping’ pain neurons becomes clearer

Scientists have discovered the molecular characteristics of human sleeping nociceptors, which are key culprits in neuropathic pain. The findings provide a new framework for understanding the emergence of neuropathic pain at the molecular level and offer potential targets for developing targeted therapies.

Not all cancer mutations are equal: Mutation strength in a single gene shapes tumor behavior

A new study reveals that mutations in the CTNNB1 gene can have varying effects on tumor behavior, with stronger mutations leading to weaker anti-tumor immunity. Tumors with weaker mutations are more likely to be targeted by the immune system, making them potentially more responsive to immunotherapy.

Timing is everything. Why the US gets some drugs faster than other countries

A new study led by Brown University researchers challenges the assumption that US access to new medicines is driven by faster government review. The study found that companies submit lower-value drugs earlier in the US than in other high-income countries, giving Americans earlier access to expensive medications with limited medical ben...

Hair oxytocin levels may reflect mother–child emotional bond, BGU study finds

A new study suggests that hair oxytocin levels can reflect the emotional connection between parents and young children. Higher maternal oxytocin levels were associated with higher-quality emotional interaction between mother and child, while children's hair oxytocin levels were higher than those of their mothers.

The ideal scent detection dog is confident, persistent and resilient, without insecurities or neuroticism, according to a study featuring Dutch police dog handlers

A study by Dutch police dog handlers revealed that confident, persistent, and resilient dogs with no insecurities are most suited for professional deployment. The research aimed to explore the ideal characteristics of scent detection dogs for successful police work.

Neuroticism may be linked with more frequent sexual fantasies

A new study found that people with neurotic personalities report having more frequent sexual fantasies. In contrast, those who are more conscientious or agreeable tend to have less frequent fantasizing. The study analyzed data from over 5,200 adults in the US and explored links between personality traits and sexual fantasies.

Elusive beaked whales off the Louisiana coast may sometimes be diving right to the seafloor, finds new 3D acoustic technology which accurately pinpoints their locations using their echolocation clicks

Researchers use advanced technology to pinpoint locations of elusive beaked whales diving to the seafloor off the Louisiana coast. The study reveals new insights into their behavior and detection range, shedding light on these mysterious creatures.

Temperature of some cities could rise faster than expected under 2°C warming

Research from the University of East Anglia predicts that tropical cities will experience increased urban heat island effects under 2°C global warming. The study finds that up to 81% of medium-sized cities will warm more than surrounding rural areas, with some experiencing warming rates up to 100% higher.

Dog behavioral traits are linked with salivary hormone cortisol and neurotransmitter serotonin

Research finds a correlation between dog behavioral traits and salivary hormone cortisol and neurotransmitter serotonin levels. Well-behaved dogs tend to have lower cortisol levels and higher serotonin levels, suggesting a link between canine temperament and physiological concentrations of hormones and neurotransmitters.

Forest soils increasingly extract methane from atmosphere

Researchers at the University of Göttingen found that forest soils in south-western Germany absorb more methane as climate conditions become drier and warmer. This contradicts current international meta-analyses, highlighting the importance of long-term monitoring for assessing the effects of climate change.

Bo Yuan, Ph.D., FACMG, named recipient of the 2026 Dr. Michael S. Watson Genetic and Genomic Medicine Innovation Award from the ACMG Foundation for Genetic and Genomic Medicine

Dr. Bo Yuan has been recognized with the 2026 Dr. Michael S. Watson Genetic and Genomic Medicine Innovation Award for his pioneering work in genetic disorders, artificial intelligence-driven tools, and pharmacogenomics. His research aims to improve clinical care, scientific understanding, and public health through innovative technologies.

The vulnerable Amazonian manatee is most often found where human activity is low, with a new eDNA-based method most commonly detecting the freshwater mammal in the remote western Amazon

A new eDNA-based method has been developed to detect vulnerable Amazonian manatees in the remote western Amazon. The study reveals that these freshwater mammals are most commonly found in areas with low human activity.

Decoding environmental toxicity: a network-based view of chemical harm

Researchers developed AOP-ExpoVis platform integrating exposome data with AOP knowledge to predict chemical toxicity mechanisms. The approach identifies key biological events linking environmental exposures to disease outcomes across multiple chemicals and disease types.

New line of bovine embryonic stem cells shows promise for lab-grown meat, biomedical applications

A team of researchers at UConn has developed a novel line of bovine embryonic stem cells, which have significant potential for lab-grown meat and human tissue replacement. The cells can be induced into muscle and fat cells to produce meat products and also have applications in medical research and disease-resistant cattle development.

Breakthrough in human norovirus research: Researchers overcome major obstacle to grow and study the virus

Scientists have successfully grown human norovirus in the lab for up to 15 consecutive passages, enabling comprehensive studies of viral structure, antiviral drug screening, and vaccine development. The breakthrough uses a drug called TAK 779 to overcome host restrictions, allowing researchers to produce stable virus stocks.

Large increases in PM2.5 exposure from wildfires have exaggerated progress in reducing inequities in traditional sources of PM2.5 in California

A recent study by PLOS reveals that large increases in PM2.5 exposure from wildfires have overshadowed gains made in reducing air pollution disparities in traditional sources, particularly among California's racial groups.

Oysters play unexpected role in protecting blue crabs from disease

New research reveals oyster filter feeding significantly reduces transmission of deadly Hematodinium perezi parasite in Chesapeake Bay's juvenile blue crabs. Oysters eliminated over 60% of parasites within an hour, reducing infection risk by one-third.

Experts show how major UK food crisis might occur

A new report by Anglia Ruskin University and the University of York identifies key weaknesses in the UK's food system and recommends interventions to prevent disruptions from escalating into a crisis. The study suggests increasing energy security, diversifying food value chains, and promoting varied diets to reduce risks.

Blood test to give insights into a person’s infection history

Researchers aim to develop a blood test that can determine a person's entire infection history by analyzing T-cell receptor analysis and sequencing. This could provide an indication of which pathogens they are immune to, improving diagnosis and treatment.

Updated guidelines standardize how tumor response is measured after surgery

The updated guidelines provide a unified framework for evaluating residual viable tumor, necrosis, and regression after presurgical treatment. The new criteria demonstrate high reproducibility across different tumor types and pathologists, providing a foundation for standardized data collection and improved patient care.

Embargoed: DNA marker in malaria mosquitoes may be pivotal in tackling insecticide resistance

A new study has detected a DNA marker in a key enzyme gene that helps mosquitoes break down and survive pyrethroid insecticides. This finding can inform better implementation of resistance management strategies and reduce the burden of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methadone treatment for opioid use rising, but better access needed to reach more

Research shows that methadone and buprenorphine prescriptions have risen significantly since 2010, reducing opioid-related deaths by half. However, only a quarter of individuals with opioid use disorder receive medication treatment, highlighting the need for expanded access to these life-saving medications.

Call for papers: 10th anniversary special issue of Big Earth Data

The Big Earth Data journal is launching a special issue to reflect on its decade-long impact and showcase cutting-edge advancements in big data research. The journal focuses on Earth-related big data, emerging as a flagship platform at the intersection of Earth science, space science, information science, and sustainability science.

Thriving as the key to high-quality, sustainable aged care

Recent research highlights thriving as a cornerstone of high-quality aged care, encompassing medical, social, and psychosocial competencies. Factors influencing thriving include resident attitude, care quality, activities, environment, and health.

Why lithium metal batteries fail—and how mechanics may hold the key

New research reveals that lithium metal battery failures are governed by tightly coupled electrochemical, chemical, and mechanical processes. The study provides a unified framework for diagnosing failure and designing safer batteries.

Big data and LASSO improve health insurance risk prediction

A new study published in Risk Sciences investigates the potential of big data and modern predictor-selection methods to improve health insurance risk assessment. The analysis reveals that adding big data, particularly from smartphone use, improves out-of-sample prediction compared to traditional underwriting information.

A digital serious game improves the mathematical performance of children with dyscalculia

A digital serious game called NeurekaNUM has been developed to address mathematical difficulties in children with dyscalculia. The program significantly improves mathematical performance and is the first method with scientific evidence for detection and early intervention of this disorder.

Dual-site catalysts and light synergy redefine zinc–air battery efficiency

Researchers developed a photo-electroactive bifunctional catalyst integrating cobalt active sites, enhancing oxygen reduction and evolution reactions under light irradiation. The system achieved higher power output, improved energy efficiency, and long cycling stability in zinc-air batteries.

AI meets electrocatalysis: Lessons from three decades and a roadmap ahead

A review of 30 years of AI-driven electrocatalysis research highlights five structural bottlenecks and introduces transformative technologies. Machine-learning interatomic potentials and physics-informed models enable predictive and interpretable simulations, while autonomous 'robotic electrochemists' integrate AI decision-making with ...

Using influencers to encourage people to drink tap water

A new study has identified the power of influencer marketing in overcoming psychological resistance to recycling tap water. The research found that sensory and emotional content on Instagram is more effective than rational arguments in encouraging sustainable consumption, making recycled tap water more appealing through mental imagery.

A heterointerface strategy pushes infrared microbolometers beyond 125 °C

Researchers develop a nanocomposite thermistor that combines VO2(B) and V2O5 phases to overcome thermal imaging limitations. The composite achieves high temperature sensitivity, strong infrared responsivity, and fast response times at elevated temperatures.

Pioneering technique allows the first-in-human repair of defective mechanical heart valves without surgery

A team developed a catheter-based approach to treat defective mechanical aortic valves, avoiding high-risk open-heart surgery. The procedure, known as mechanical valve-in-valve (ViMech), was successfully applied in three human patients with severely damaged mechanical valves and extremely high surgical risk.

Femtosecond-laser fabrication of micro-supercapacitors with graphene hybrid nanostructured electrodes

Researchers develop a new method to fabricate micro-supercapacitors with graphene hybrid nanostructured electrodes, achieving high power density and energy density. The technique enables precise control over electrode materials and structures, leading to improved device performance.

Unlocking “hidden” modes: A new physics-driven approach to label-free cancer cell phenotyping

Researchers develop a sub-terahertz biosensor that leverages band folding to distinguish cancer cells based on their unique dielectric properties, enabling rapid and non-invasive screening. The sensor detects distinct shifts in transmission spectra as malignancy increases, bridging physics and biology.

Can manganese unlock affordable green hydrogen in acidic water electrolysis?

Researchers identify manganese as a promising pathway to reduce dependence on scarce precious metals in acidic water electrolysis. Manganese-based materials offer exceptional stability and performance enhancement in next-generation hydrogen production technologies.

Could a living implant end daily insulin injections?

A self-regulating, implantable living technology has been developed to offer hope for millions with diabetes. The implant continuously senses blood-glucose levels, produces insulin within itself, and releases the exact amount needed, eliminating the need for daily injections.

Noninvasive brain treatment reduces traumatic memories

Researchers developed a new approach to treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using noninvasive brain stimulation, which significantly reduced intrusive memories in individuals with the condition. The treatment targeted the hippocampus and surrounding regions, showing promising results in alleviating PTSD symptoms.

How a common immunosuppressive drug “ATG” injures liver blood vessels

Researchers discovered that ATG triggers rapid clotting and inflammation in the liver by activating a complement activation system and TGF-β pathway, leading to severe side effects. The study used human organoid models and imaging analysis to reveal the biphasic mechanism of ATG-induced liver injury.

Deterministic entanglement-assisted quantum communication over 20-km fiber channel

Researchers successfully decode 10 weak classical signals simultaneously using continuous-variable quantum dense coding in 20-km fiber channels. The channel capacity of deterministic entanglement-assisted quantum communication is increased compared to classical communication with coherent state.

EU award for "Gender Equality Champions" goes to Bielefeld University

Bielefeld University has been honoured by the European Union with its 'Sustainable Gender Equality Champion' award. The institution is recognized for its strategic gender equality work and commitment to promoting equal opportunities nationwide.

Initiation of hormone therapy after age 65 remains risky but still works for some women

A new study found that hormone therapy after age 65 remains risky, but effective for some women, emphasizing the need for personalized risk assessments and monitoring. Women aged 65+ were more likely to experience health issues like cancer, cardiovascular events, and osteoporosis with hormone therapy.

Janus meta-imager enables asymmetric image transmission and transformation in opposite directions

The Janus meta-imager uses diffractive deep neural networks and metasurfaces to perform asymmetric imaging tasks in both forward and backward directions. It enables all-optical encryption and high-density optical data storage with minimal energy consumption.

Restoring the web of life in farmland

The METAGROLAND project aims to improve environmental farming schemes by studying plant-pollinator interactions and land manager networks. Key findings include the development of practical guidance for agri-environmental schemes that align ecological processes with real-world management.

A two-layer strategy pushes perovskite solar cells toward long-term stability

A new bilayer perovskite strategy improves long-term stability in solar cells by combining a hybrid organic-inorganic absorber with an ultrathin inorganic capping layer. The approach delivers record-level efficiency together with exceptional operational stability, demonstrating a viable pathway toward durable, high-performance perovski...

More isn’t always better: Texas A&M research links high-dose antioxidants to offspring birth defects

A new Texas A&M University study found that high doses of antioxidants can negatively influence sperm DNA and lead to craniofacial development differences in offspring. Men should exercise caution when consuming antioxidant supplements if they're planning to have children soon.

A molecular shield against light: Stabilizing perovskite solar cells at record efficiency

A new stabilization approach for perovskite solar cells effectively blocks photo-induced decomposition pathways, delivering a certified power conversion efficiency above 26%. The strategy suppresses radical reactions responsible for light-induced degradation by scavenging reactive oxygen species and passivating electronic defects.

HKUST research reveals cost-effective food waste treatment through sewage systems

A HKUST research team developed an innovative urban food waste management framework analyzing food waste data from 29 large cities worldwide. The study shows that grinding food waste and diverting it into sewage systems can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 47% and lower total waste-management costs by 11%.

Study: Synthetic protein potentially improves outcomes for certain subgroups following intracerebral hemorrhage

Researchers found a synthetic protein, recombinant factor VIIa, can reduce bleeding in patients with a 'spot sign' on CT brain imaging who are treated within 90 minutes of stroke onset. These patients also experienced better outcomes and reduced ICH growth.

An unusual dust storm on Mars reveals how the red planet lost some of its water

A new study from Tohoku University and other international researchers has found that an anomalous dust storm on Mars can drive the transport of water to the upper layers of the atmosphere, leading to significant water loss. This discovery opens a new path for understanding how Mars lost much of its water over time.

Waste chitin transformed into high-performance porous carbons for greenhouse gas recovery

Researchers have developed a chemical-free method to upcycle waste chitin into high-performance porous carbons, which can efficiently capture and release hydrocarbons. The materials' pore structure can be precisely tuned through steam activation time, leading to improved adsorption and desorption performance.

Sub-shot-noise optical readout achieved in a Rydberg atomic medium

Researchers report a novel intersection among quantum optics, atomic physics, and precision metrology with the achievement of sub-shot-noise optical readout in a Rydberg atomic medium. The study utilizes velocity-selective Rydberg EIT to enable low-loss optical interface and coherent propagation of squeezed light.

Extending optical fiber's ultralow loss performance to photonic chips

Researchers create ultra-coherent and efficient photonic integrated circuits by extending optical fiber's ultralow loss performance to silicon wafers. This breakthrough paves the way for precision measurements, AI data-center communications, and quantum computing applications.

Wood becomes a high-strength conductor through metal-based eutectic gels

Researchers introduce a new strategy using natural wood as a structural scaffold for conductive eutectogels, enabling mechanically robust and environmentally stable materials. The resulting eutectogel achieves high tensile strength, toughness, and ionic conductivity, making it suitable for wearable electronics and smart sensing systems.

Unlocking dual-spin achromatic meta-optics with hybrid-phase dispersion engineering

Researchers have developed a hybrid-phase cooperative dispersion-engineering strategy to unlock independent, dual-spin achromatic wavefront control in a single-layer metasurface. This breakthrough enables truly independent dual-spin control of phase and group delay within a compact platform.

On-chip dual microcombs drive nanomaterial-enhanced fiber sensors for high-selectivity multi-gas mapping

A compact sensor achieves multispecies gas detection with high selectivity and sensitivity, utilizing nanomaterial-functionalized fibers and Kerr soliton dual-microcombs. The system successfully identified 12 distinct components in complex gas mixtures, achieving record-low detection limits.

Generating popcorn-like fragrant tomato using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing

Researchers used CRISPR/Cas9 to introduce a popcorn-like fragrance to tomatoes by disrupting the BADH2 gene. The resulting aroma enhances sensory appeal and flavor quality without affecting plant growth or agronomic traits.

Comparison and selection of support schemes for deep buried soft broken section of Xinjin expressway spiral tunnel—a case study of Hankou tunnel

Researchers developed a highly accurate computer model to simulate the entire tunnel excavation process, comparing ground anchors and pre-support pipes. The study found that a combined lining and anchor system is sufficient to control rock stress and deformation in deep mountain tunnels.

Terahertz microscope reveals the motion of superconducting electrons

Physicists have developed a new terahertz microscope that allows them to observe quantum vibrations in superconducting materials for the first time. The microscope enables researchers to study properties that could lead to room-temperature superconductors and identify materials that emit and receive terahertz radiation.

Scientists build a "Rosetta Stone" to decode chronic pain neurons

Researchers from CAMH and RWTH Aachen deciphered the molecular signature of sleeping nociceptors, a type of pain-sensing nerve cell that drives chronic pain. The findings reveal specific molecular hallmarks, including OSMR and Nav1.9, which could lead to the development of targeted therapies.

Ancient rocks reveal evidence of the first continents and crust recycling processes on Earth

New research suggests that parts of ancient Earth formed continents and recycled crust through subduction over 4 billion years ago. The study of zircons found in Western Australia challenges models that considered early Earth as a stagnant, unmoving 'lid' with no continental crust.

Half of all men over 60 have prostate cancer – an AI diagnostic tool could identify which need followup

A new AI-powered analysis tool called PROVIZ is being tested in Norwegian hospitals to diagnose prostate cancer. The tool helps doctors determine which patients need a biopsy, reducing the number of unnecessary procedures.

Real-time single-event position detection using high-radiation-tolerance GaN

A high-radiation-tolerance GaN detector was fabricated to enable real-time two-dimensional position detection of individual alpha particles and xenon heavy ions. The detector exhibited stable operation at radiation levels significantly higher than those tolerated by conventional Si-based detectors.

Equity, diversity, and inclusion programs in health care institutions

Programs promoting equity, diversity, and inclusion initiatives in healthcare institutions are associated with an increased workforce. These programs support a more inclusive and equitable health care culture, according to the systematic review and meta-analysis.

Why are some animal and human signals honest, while others are deceptive?

A new synthesis challenges the dominant handicap principle theory, arguing that honesty evolves when it's beneficial and deception is costly. The Signalling Trade-Off Theory suggests that trade-offs between investments and benefits define whether deception or honesty emerges.

In a study, AI model OpenScholar synthesizes scientific research and cites sources as accurately as human experts

OpenScholar, an open-source AI model, was designed to synthesize current scientific research and cite sources accurately. The model outperformed other state-of-the-art models in accuracy, writing quality, and relevance.

Scientists discover oral compound that helps “reset” the body clock forward

A team of researchers has discovered an oral compound that selectively induces the mammalian clock gene Per1, promoting a dual E-box DNA element's activation. This results in the advancement of both central and peripheral clocks, advancing jet lag and shift work-related sleep disorders.

Yeast cells can be used for rapid testing of cancer immunotherapy

Engineered yeast cells can mimic real cancer cells and be used to test new cancer immunotherapies much faster and cheaper than before. This new technology enables researchers to assess which CAR T variants are most promising much more quickly, leading to safer and more targeted cancer treatments.

Scientists crack the rules of gene regulation with experimental elegance and AI

Researchers at the Netherlands Cancer Institute developed a deep learning model PARM that predicts gene regulation with unprecedented accuracy. The model enables the prediction of functional impact of regulatory mutations in specific cell types, opening new paths for cancer diagnostics and patient stratification.

Cost-effectiveness of semaglutide for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in US adults

A new study found semaglutide to be an effective treatment for preventing secondary cardiovascular disease in US adults. The medication meets conventional thresholds when used alone, but its cost-effectiveness is improved with combination therapy.

A double-edged sword: Chronic cellular stress promotes liver cancer—but also makes tumors vulnerable to immunotherapy

Chronic cellular stress drives liver cell cancer growth, suppressing immune response. Activated ATF6α makes tumors responsive to immunotherapy, opening up new therapeutic approaches.

Brain network responsible for Parkinson’s disease identified

A new study identifies the somato-cognitive action network (SCAN) as responsible for Parkinson's disease symptoms, which can be treated with non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Targeting this network improves symptoms more than twice as much as treatments targeting nearby brain areas.

New transgenic zebrafish models decades of muscle atrophy in weeks

Researchers have created a new comparative model that accelerates muscle loss in zebrafish, allowing for the study of sarcopenia and potential therapies. The 'atrofish' model reveals early structural vulnerabilities in aging muscle and a surprising link between muscle loss and nerve degeneration.

A ketogenic diet for treatment-resistant depression

A ketogenic diet was found to have a modest effect in reducing depressive symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant depression. The study's results suggest that this dietary approach may be worth exploring as an adjunct therapy option.

New study reveals a minimalist bacterial defense that disrupts viral assembly

Researchers discovered a single protein, Rip1, that recognizes bacteriophages and causes infected bacteria to die prematurely. This protein works by forming a ring that inserts into the bacterial inner membrane, killing the cell before the infecting phage can replicate.

SwRI appoints Fuselier vice president of Space Science Division

Dr. Stephen Fuselier, a renowned heliophysicist and member of the National Academy of Sciences, has been appointed vice president of SwRI's Space Science Division. He brings over four decades of experience in space science to lead the division.

If you want to feel gratitude in your life, embrace nostalgia, VCU research finds

A new study led by Dr. Jeffrey Green found that nostalgia and feelings of social connection boost gratitude levels. Engaging in nostalgic experiences can strengthen social ties, promoting a sense of gratitude for life and experience.

Malaria: Newly identified “crown” stage controls parasite reproduction

Researchers discovered a previously unknown stage, nicknamed the 'Crown' stage, crucial for malaria parasite reproduction. This stage helps ensure proper internal structure passage to daughter cells.

What's the ROI on R&D in aging? New simulation tool, silverlingings.bio, explores geroscience's impact on US GDP growth and individual health

A new simulation tool, silverlinings.bio, analyzes the economic gains and social returns of advancing geroscience. The tool explores the potential of slowing age-related diseases to reduce medical costs and increase workforce longevity.

Pigs and grizzlies, not monkeys, hold clues to youthful human skin

A team of researchers at Washington State University discovered that rete ridges, a microscopic skin structure shared by humans, pigs, and grizzly bears, develop shortly after birth. This finding holds potential for new therapies to reverse or slow skin aging and improve wound and scar repair.

Scientists ID potential treatment for deadliest brain cancer

Researchers at the University of Virginia Health System have identified a molecule that blocks the gene responsible for glioblastoma, a fast-growing and deadly brain cancer. The compound shows promise in preventing the invasive cancer from spreading through the brain without causing harm to healthy tissue.

From STEM to social impact: U-M scholars go global with Fulbright awards

Twenty-seven University of Michigan students and faculty scholars have been awarded Fulbright grants to conduct overseas research. Ava Kuiper, a recent graduate, teaches English and conducts research studies on chemistry education and basic science in Mexico.

Calling for young editorial board members

The Beijing Institute of Technology Press Co., Ltd is recruiting young editorial board members who will contribute to the publication process and benefit from training and networking opportunities.

CFC replacements behind hundreds of thousands of tonnes of global ‘forever chemical’ pollution

A new study reveals that CFC replacement chemicals and anaesthetics are behind a third of a million tonnes of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) being deposited from the atmosphere across the Earth's surface between 2000 and 2022. TFA production is expected to continue growing, posing environmental concerns.

Innovative card deck by Case Western Reserve professor empowers kids to tackle stress head-on

A new 'Take a Break KIDS' edition helps children manage stress through simple one- to three-minute activities, leveraging color-coded practices and QR codes for digital resources. This card deck supports the development of lifelong skills for stress management and emotional regulation.

Blocking pain at the source: Hormone therapy rewires nerve signals in aging spines

Researchers found that hormone treatment reduces abnormal nerve invasion and improves chronic back pain by limiting nerve growth inside damaged spinal tissue. The study suggests that parathyroid hormone can reverse the process by activating natural signals.

Green chemistry: Friendly bacteria can unlock hidden metabolic pathways in plant cell cultures

Researchers have discovered that endophytic bacteria can coexist with plant cells without harming them, triggering the production of previously unattainable compounds. This method has the potential to expand the diversity of obtainable plant-derived compounds for various industries.

NCCN commemorates World Cancer Day with new commitment to update patient resources

The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) has committed to updating its robust information resources for cancer patients and caregivers annually, available in both English and Spanish. The updated resources will provide factual, trustworthy information to guide patients and caregivers towards their best possible outcome.

Uncommon names are increasing globally: Reflecting an increase in uniqueness-seeking and individualism

A global trend of uncommon names has been observed in various nations, including Germany, the US, UK, France, Japan, China, and Indonesia. This increase reflects broader sociocultural changes emphasizing individuality and distinction.

Researchers quantify role of reducing obesity in preventing common conditions

Researchers have quantified the role of obesity in common long-term conditions, showing that losing weight can prevent multiple diseases. Obesity was found to be the main shared cause between ten pairs of commonly occurring conditions, such as type 2 diabetes and osteoarthritis.

Sugar molecules point to a new weapon against drug-resistant bacteria

Researchers have designed antibodies that recognize a unique sugar found on bacterial cells, providing a potential new treatment for multidrug-resistant hospital-acquired infections. The target of the antibody is pseudaminic acid, a sugar molecule produced exclusively by bacteria and used to evade immune responses.

Windows into the past: Genetic analysis of Deep Maniot Greeks reveals a unique genetic time capsule in the Balkans

A new study found that the people of Deep Mani represent one of the most genetically distinctive populations in Europe, with many lineages tracing back to the Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Roman period. The research team discovered that present-day Deep Maniot men descend from a single male ancestor who lived in the 7th century CE.

WHO calls for mental health to be central to neglected tropical disease care

The World Health Organization has published a practical guide to address the mental health impacts of neglected tropical diseases and stigma that prevents people from seeking care. The Essential Care Package provides clear guidance for governments and healthcare systems to integrate mental health support into existing programs.

KRICT demonstrates 100kg per day sustainable aviation fuel production from landfill gas

A research team led by Dr. Yun-Jo Lee at KRICT successfully demonstrated an integrated process converting landfill gas into aviation fuel, producing 100 kg of sustainable aviation fuel per day with a liquid fuel selectivity exceeding 75 percent.

Stacking the genetic deck: How some plant hybrids beat the odds

A study found that cultivating tobacco with its wild relative can erase genetic barriers, allowing normally fatal hybrids to survive. This process, called genome shock, neutralizes lethal gene combinations, potentially leading to the creation of new plant species.

High consumption of ultraprocessed foods may be linked to cancer survivors’ risk of death

Research suggests that consuming high amounts of ultraprocessed foods is linked to a significantly increased risk of death in cancer survivors. The study, published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, found that individuals who consumed more ultraprocessed foods had higher rates of all-cause and cancer-specific mortality.