A new review examines how gut microbiota and metabolites reshape liver immunity and propose strategies to overcome immunotherapy resistance. The review discusses four major directions of gut microbiota intervention, including probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, engineered bacteria, and metabolite-based interventions.
A study reveals how peripheral macrophages persist in the brain after sepsis and contribute to long-term cognitive impairment. PTN signaling drives chronic neuroinflammation, and blocking early entry of these macrophages may represent a valuable intervention window.
The review proposes co-designing oncolytic viruses and CAR cells to overcome solid tumor barriers, enabling a self-amplifying therapeutic system. Oncolytic viruses can be engineered to deliver payloads, expanding target recognition and maintaining CAR cell function.
In vivo CAR-T therapy reduces manufacturing time and cost, enabling more accessible cancer immunotherapy. The strategy also enables superior self-renewal capacity and anti-tumor persistence.
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) form tight anatomical associations with sensory, autonomic, and enteric nerve fibers, receiving neural regulation through activating and inhibitory pathways. ILC2s also secrete cytokines that can act back on neurons, forming positive feedback loops that modulate allergic and anti-infective immunity.
A review by Professor Di Wang and Dr. Zheyu Chi proposes a conceptual framework in which immunometabolism is shaped by the local repair niche, influencing tissue repair trajectories. Organ-specific metabolic microenvironments uniquely shape immune cell function, necessitating targeted therapeutic interventions.
The PIEM concept introduces a new framework for studying persistent intracellular extraintestinal microbes, which reside within internal tissues and cells. Microbiome research has long focused on barrier surfaces, but PIEMs offer fresh perspectives on host–microbe relationships and the pathogenesis of complex diseases.
A new study reveals that hepatocytes release soluble Tim-3 protein to limit immune-mediated damage in response to drug-induced liver injury. The protein binds to Galectin-3 and Galectin-9 to regulate immune cell infiltration, providing protection against subsequent damage.
Macrophages are critical drivers of chronic allograft failure, with emerging strategies targeting key macrophage signaling pathways providing an important conceptual shift. Targeted therapies, such as inhibiting the purinergic pathway and mTOR/NF-κB pathway, show promise in preventing chronic rejection.
A multi-omics study identifies the TNF-α/IL-1β/PGE₂ axis as a driver of mucus overproduction and colonic lesion formation in Cronkhite–Canada syndrome. The study reveals extensive epithelial remodeling, goblet cell hyperplasia, and an inflammatory colonic epithelial cell subset characterized by high expression of lipocalin-2.
The study synthesizes recent advances in single-cell and spatial transcriptomics to identify tumor-enriched cell subsets closely related to prognosis and treatment response. The review introduces the
Extracellular vesicle-encapsulated microRNAs (EV-miRNAs) form a precise communication network for organ crosstalk, mediating immune regulation and disease outcomes. EV-miRNAs display organ tropism, influencing tumor growth, anti-tumor immunity, and inflammation.
A study reveals that TREM2+ macrophages directly recognize candidalysin, a toxin secreted by Candida albicans, to initiate an immune response. This recognition leads to the activation of key immune cells and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ultimately protecting against fungal infection.
The review outlines a comprehensive understanding of the chemokine and receptor network in the tumor microenvironment, introducing a novel 3D targeting framework to guide precision combination immunotherapies. The proposed
Researchers summarize universal mechanisms of regulatory T cells in solid organ transplantation, enabling durable immune tolerance and reducing rejection. Gene-editing technologies create hypoimmunogenic Tregs for standardized, scalable availability.
The article systematically summarizes forty years of discoveries in the TLR field, revealing multilayered regulatory mechanisms governing TLR signaling. Aberrant TLR signaling is closely linked to multiple human diseases, including infectious diseases, autoimmune conditions, and cancer.
Researchers discovered that malaria parasite PI3K suppresses 'eat-me' signal to evade host immune system. By inhibiting PI3K, phosphatidylserine exposure increases, enhancing macrophage recognition and clearance of infected red blood cells.
Researchers generated a comprehensive view of DNA methylation abnormalities in human MDS HSCs, uncovering a novel TET2-GFI1 axis that suppresses malignant transformation. The study identifies key hematopoietic regulators and provides a panoramic view of DNA methylation disruption in MDS.
Research systematically maps how bacterial metabolites influence disease progression and immune cell functions, highlighting their dual effects on the body. The review emphasizes the need for holistic regulation of metabolite profiles to achieve precision interventions.
A recent review highlights how immune cells synthesize and release neurotransmitters to modulate immune responses, blurring the boundaries between the nervous and immune systems.
Researchers discovered VISTA as a critical immune checkpoint that balances immune activation and inflammation resolution during kidney injury. Administering exogenous VISTA protein shows potent protection against acute kidney injury and its progression to chronic disease.
A recent study has uncovered a dynamic spleen-to-lung neutrophil axis that operates during antiviral defense, challenging traditional views of pulmonary neutrophil origin. The study found that splenic neutrophils migrate to the lung, replenishing local pools and participating in innate immune defense.
Researchers reveal that skin-cell calcium channel TRPV3 is activated by plant-derived fragrant molecules, leading to enhanced immune responses and potential new vaccine adjuvants. The study provides a novel understanding of immune crosstalk and offers a safer approach to enhancing vaccine efficacy.
NIK kinase's non-canonical NF-κB pathway is crucial for immune development and function, while its NF-κB-independent functions regulate cellular metabolism and mitochondrial health. Dysregulation of NIK is linked to various diseases, making it a promising therapeutic target.
A new framework proposes a 'three-strata' model to classify gastrointestinal tract cancers, guiding more precise and effective strategies. The review advocates for chemotherapy-free approaches in highly immunogenic tumors and explores optimized combinations with chemotherapy for intermediate-sensitive tumors.
The review outlines how vascular-immune crosstalk affects various diseases, revealing novel therapeutic opportunities. It highlights the shared embryonic origin of blood vessel cells and immune cells, as well as coordinated immune cell trafficking mechanisms.
Researchers developed a novel mouse model that accurately mirrors the progression and dynamic shift between disease states of lupus. The model demonstrates a direct link between skin defects and systemic disease, with dynamic features including remission and relapse cycles.
Scientists have identified the FOXO1-KLHL6 axis as a novel therapeutic target to enhance T cell-mediated immune response against tumors. The research found that persistent T cell receptor signaling suppresses the transcription factor FOXO1, leading to the downregulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase KLHL6 and promoting T cell exhaustion.
A new review introduces a chronological and probabilistic model to explain the recurrence of autoimmune skin diseases like vitiligo. The model proposes that full disease manifestation is the outcome of genetic susceptibility and a series of environmental or internal biological hits.
A new UCLA study clarifies the complex relationship between antibody-driven immunity, viral evolution, and disease severity in SARS-CoV-2. The research found that population-wide antibody responses exert a powerful selective pressure driving the virus to mutate and evade detection.
A study reveals that IgE⁺ plasmablasts are the key drivers of rapid, potent immune responses in seasonal allergies, triggering symptoms upon allergen re-exposure. By targeting these cells, new 'on-demand' treatment strategies may prevent or mitigate allergy relapse.
The review details the dual role of interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) in regulating essential antiviral responses while mitigating excessive inflammation. IRF proteins have distinct roles, with some driving interferon production and others acting as fine-tuners or negative regulators.
Researchers highlight shared and distinct immune features between neurodegenerative and neuroimmune diseases, pointing to novel treatment strategies. The study suggests that a deeper understanding of Parkinson's disease immunology informed by lessons from multiple sclerosis may bridge the therapeutic gap for PD.
Researchers review how haplo-HSCT overcomes HLA barriers to restore immune homeostasis, with up to 30% GVHD rates reduced. Donor immune cells can be re-educated to accept recipients' bodies as 'self', highlighting a process of immune remodeling.
A new study identifies fatty acid elongase ELOVL5 as a key promoter of inflammation resolution in the lungs. The research reveals that ELOVL5 works through a dual mechanism to dampen inflammatory pathways and generate pro-resolving lipid signals.
The review highlights how T cells specifically recognize and eliminate malignant cells through antigen recognition mechanisms. It also explores how tumors evade immune surveillance through various mechanisms and discusses potential therapeutic strategies, including combination therapies to improve response rates for cancer patients.
The review highlights the critical roles of phospholipids in regulating immune cell migration, differentiation, and survival, as well as their regulatory effects on inflammation. Dysregulated phospholipid metabolism is linked to various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.
The NF-κB signaling pathway plays a key role in regulating immune responses, inflammation, cell development, and proliferation. Research into its functions and mechanisms continues to uncover new breakthroughs in immunology and life sciences.
The new journal aims to publish high-quality research on immunity and inflammation, covering all areas of immunology and focusing on the role of inflammation. It seeks to foster a deeper understanding of inflammation's role in immunity and promote innovative approaches to prevent and treat inflammation-related diseases.