Two UH projects explore repurposing existing energy assets for clean energy, while a third project establishes a visiting scholar program to develop carbon-negative hydrogen production. The funding aims to create a skilled workforce for a net-zero emissions economy by 2050.
Researchers at Penn State have identified six new species of Pectobacterium and one strain of Dickeya bacteria that can cause diseases such as blackleg and soft rot in Pennsylvania potatoes. These pathogens can lead to significant yield losses, particularly in the northeastern US.
A KAIST research team has developed a technique called SynapShot, which allows for the real-time observation of synapse formation, extinction, and alterations. This breakthrough technique uses fluorescent proteins to track changes in synapses, offering new insights into brain function and potentially revolutionizing neurological research.
Researchers reveal novel magnetoresistance and Hall effect in Fe5-xGeTe2 nanosheets, attributed to stripe domain structure. The study shows significant thickness dependence of magnetic properties on macroscopic electrical transport characteristics.
Researchers at Duke University developed an adaptive deep brain stimulation therapy for Parkinson's disease, targeting two key brain structures and using a novel self-adjusting device. The study found that this approach improved motor symptoms and reduced medication doses in six patients.
Researchers from Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics propose a gas-phase migration route for the formation of strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) states. They demonstrate that a self-limited ZnOx overlayer grows on Cu nanoparticles, enhancing methanol synthesis activity.
Researchers detected a compact object with a mass between 2.09 and 2.71 solar masses, which is at the lower edge of the mass gap between neutron stars and black holes. The discovery has fascinating implications for understanding extremely dense nuclear matter and supernova explosions.
Researchers developed intravenous priming agents that increase the recovery and detection of tumor-derived genetic fragments in liquid biopsies. In mouse models, these agents increased sensitivity for detecting small tumors from 10% to 75%. The approach may boost the sensitivity of liquid biopsies in cancer care and beyond.
The UK Generations and Gender Survey found a rise in young adults intending not to have children, with environmental concerns less prevalent among Gen Z. High childcare costs also differ greatly by household income, restricting access to affordable services for low-income families.
Researchers at the University of North Carolina Health Care developed a wearable patch that can receive wireless commands to schedule and trigger drug release from individual microneedles. The patch enables precise and customized drug delivery for various conditions, including Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers created detailed maps of a major continental earthquake using drones and field surveys. The study shows the rupture sequence started slowly on the Africa/Arabia plate boundary, then exploded at the Arabia/Anatolia boundary, activating the East Anatolian fault system.
FAU Engineering has received a $2.6 million NSF grant to establish a CyberCorps student scholarship program, increasing the nation's cybersecurity workforce. The program provides full scholarships and stipends to students pursuing studies in cybersecurity and AI.
A new study finds that cities with higher per-capita GDP generate more waste, while economies of scale reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The research uses scaling theory to analyze waste products from over 1,000 cities worldwide.
Researchers developed a carbon-based tunable metasurface absorber with an ultrawide, tunable bandwidth in the THz range. The absorber boasts high absorption efficiency and insensitivity to polarization angles, paving the way for advanced technological applications.
A new exhalation delivery system using fluticasone directly targets the sinuses, reducing symptoms and inflammation in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. The system showed significant improvements compared to a placebo, providing hope for non-invasive treatment options.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University have discovered a magnetoelectric antiferromagnet LiNiPO4 that exhibits large nonreciprocal absorption of light. The material's unique property allows for the switchable optical diode effect, potentially enabling more compact and efficient optical isolators.
A landmark study by National Geographic Pristine Seas finds that bottom trawling releases up to 370 million metric tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere annually. The research also reveals high carbon emissions in areas such as East China Sea, Baltic, and North Seas.
A new study by the University of Miami Rosenstiel School and NOAA finds that South Florida's inshore reefs are less vulnerable to ocean acidification than previously thought. The research highlights the importance of preserving seagrass meadows to mitigate climate-related threats to coral reefs.
Researchers at TU Dresden aim to develop a new device for characterizing and analyzing novel porous materials with high selectivity for liquid phase separation. The ERC Proof of Concept Grant seeks to explore the commercial potential of these materials for industries dealing with water treatment, pharmacology, and petrochemicals.
A new study proposes that animal size depends on two key ecological factors: direct competition for resources and risk of extinction. Computer models simulating evolution identify patterns of body-size change, revealing why some species gradually get smaller.
A recent study has identified two novel gene variants linked to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in individuals of African descent. The analysis of 11,275 individuals revealed that these variants are more common in people of African ancestry and contribute to the disease's pathophysiology.
A team of researchers led by URI Professor Brennan Phillips successfully demonstrated new technologies for capturing preserved tissue and high-resolution images of deep-sea animals in minutes, preserving them for advanced genomic study. This breakthrough enables faster species discovery and can inform extinction prevention efforts.
A new diagnostic kit allows dentists to screen for oral squamous cell carcinoma with a simple brush biopsy, detecting genetic signals of the disease with over 90% accuracy. The non-invasive test is less complicated than surgical biopsies and can be performed in under a minute without numbing required.
The strongyloidiasis disease, caused by a parasitic worm, affects remote Australian communities with the highest rates globally. The new $5 million grant project focuses on improving sanitation, funding allocation, and training to eliminate the disease.
Researchers identified a key chromatin modifier-centered pathway for grain size regulation in rice, showing that HHC4 and bZIP23 interact and enhance grain size. Phosphorylation of HHC4 by TGW3 triggers negative influences on the pathway, leading to increased rice yield.
Researchers at Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences developed a 10-centimeter-diameter glass metalens that can image the sun, moon, and distant nebulae with high resolution.
A study by University of Waterloo researchers found that corporate investing in communities decreased despite an increase in companies committing to the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. The results indicate 'SDG-washing', where public pledges aren't translating into socially responsible investments.
Researchers have documented cannibalism in the mainland dusky antechinus during its breeding period. The behavior is linked to stress-induced death and provides an opportunity for energy gain via eating dead males or females of other species.
Researchers have enhanced microvascular sensitivity using ultrafast ultrasound, capturing the three-dimensional vascular network of renal arteries and veins without contrast agents. This technique reveals sharp decreases in renal blood flow during acute renal failure and chronic vascular degeneration in diabetic nephropathy.
A third of surveyed UN staff in Geneva report experiencing racial discrimination personally, while a third witness colleagues being discriminated against. The study highlights the prevalence of racism within UN offices in Geneva.
This study utilizes neural network-based point cloud completion to reconstruct 3D models of flowering Chinese Cabbage leaves, achieving full reconstruction with moderate consistency. The results show that the PF-Net algorithm improves the completeness of leaf point clouds under natural occlusion conditions, but struggles with larger mi...
A new study found that e-cigarettes are more commonly used by pregnant smokers than nicotine patches, and regular use of nicotine products is not associated with adverse effects on mothers or babies. The study suggests that e-cigarettes can be a safe stop-smoking aid for pregnant women.
A new AI model has improved permafrost mapping by creating high-resolution maps of Arctic thawing, providing a tool for protecting infrastructure. The model achieved 83% accuracy in matching field data with its predictions, outperforming the widely used pan-arctic model.
Researchers from Osaka University have discovered a novel treatment strategy for cytokine storm, a serious inflammatory syndrome triggered by an infection or severe burn. The new approach involves blocking IL-6 receptor signaling with a short-term antibody, minimizing treatment side effects and preventing vascular damage.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have discovered a potential platform for spin qubits in bilayer graphene, with ultra-long-lived valley states. The study finds that the valley degree of freedom in BLG is associated with quantum states that can survive for over half a second.
The UK government's new legislation could force tech companies to withdraw services from the country, leaving the NHS without secure messaging options. Patient care would suffer as a result, with doctors warning of an 'NHS wide problem immediately' if WhatsApp were to disappear.
A new study found that people are willing to travel longer distances and spend more time at bars compared to purchasing liquor from nearby stores. The researchers attribute this difference to unique bar experiences, while proximity influences liquor store purchases.
Researchers at UC Riverside have identified a crucial protein that controls plant responses to stress and aging. The discovery reveals the importance of Golgi bodies in maintaining cellular health and highlights their potential role in human aging.
A new study by David Atance and colleagues found that global mortality patterns are converging, with increased life expectancies and narrowing gender disparities. The researchers analyzed data from 194 countries and predicted continued convergence towards a unique pattern of mortality and longevity by 2030.
Inequities in pediatric care span broad specialties and systems, including neonatal, emergency, palliative, and mental health care. Policy reforms are crucial to address deep-rooted structural racism and disparities in housing, employment, insurance, and the criminal justice system.
Researchers analyzing James Webb Space Telescope images found that approximately 50-80% of early galaxies are flattened and elongated, unlike previously thought. These 'surfboard' galaxies were common in the early universe but rare nearby, suggesting they formed differently than more massive galaxies.
A new study found that states with restrictive abortion laws had a 16% increased infant mortality rate compared to those with more comprehensive reproductive healthcare. Demographic factors such as low education attainment and inadequate prenatal care also contributed to elevated IMR.
Researchers developed a new photosensitizer, polphylipoprotein (PLP), to improve photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy. PLP selectively induces necrosis in cancer cells by exploiting the autophagy mechanism under starvation, leading to high selectivity and potential efficacy.
Researchers analyzing data from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope found that most early galaxies were flat and elongated, resembling breadsticks. These galaxies were less massive than nearby spirals and ellipticals, and are thought to be precursors to more massive galaxies like our own.
A study of 379 animal studies found no consistent impact of aging on ejaculate traits, contradicting the human trend. In some species, age even improved reproductive traits, such as larger ejaculates and increased sperm viability.
A new study finds that SARS-CoV-2 can infect dopamine neurons, causing them to lose their ability to grow and divide, leading to inflammation and potentially severe neurological symptoms. Researchers discovered three drugs that may block or rescue infected dopamine neurons from senescence.
Researchers at TU Graz have made a breakthrough in manufacturing complex, free-standing 3D nanoarchitectures with precise shapes and sizes. They achieved this by precisely simulating the required optical properties in advance and completely removing chemical impurities, enabling new optical effects and application concepts.
Climate change and sea level rise are expected to increase arsenic levels in Bangladesh's drinking well water, consumed by nearly all citizens. This could lead to health issues and increased risks of diseases such as cancer.
Researchers at Nagoya University have discovered a relationship between ALS progression and the disruption of mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM) and TBK1 activity. Decreased activation of TBK1 is linked to motor neuron death in ALS patients and mice with disrupted MAM.
Researchers at Penn State and University of Wisconsin-Madison found that women farmers approach their operations in ways that positively impact their communities. The study revealed a positive association between women farmers and local economic variables such as nonfarm entrepreneurship, life expectancy, and poverty rates.
A study published in Arthroplasty Today found that robotic-assisted knee revision surgery significantly influences the function of the knee replacement. The computer system can help predict implant size and balance the knee for stability, leading to improved patient outcomes.
Researchers developed principles to support math task design, encouraging students to recognize the relativity of truth. These principles create tasks with ambiguous conditions, directing students to task assumptions and fostering better communication.
A new approach to sensor manufacturing allows for minimally-invasive, high-resolution recording of deep brain activity, enabling the analysis of specific brain signals. The technology has the potential to enhance physicians' ability to acquire and understand brain signals at a higher resolution.
Researchers analyzed large datasets of neural wiring in fruit flies, mice, and worms to compare networks across species. They created a mathematical model based on Hebbian plasticity, which shows how strong connections form and leads to clustering, suggesting a shared principle of self-organization governs brain network formation.
A new study published in Frontiers in Sports and Active Living found that resistance training before basketball practice has minimal to no effect on shooting performance. In fact, the only scenario where accuracy decreased was after upper-body training, but this decrease disappeared 30 minutes post-exercise completion.
Researchers at the University of Münster found that DBT+SM detects invasive breast cancers more effectively than conventional DM, with a higher rate of early tumor stages. This approach may lead to improved screening effect and reduced breast cancer mortality.
Researchers found that more extreme and frequent droughts could lead to a nearly five-fold increase in total area burned, from 231 sq mi in 2016 to over 17,000 sq mi by 2100. Fires would also become more frequent, returning to certain forest points every five years.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is being applied to coronary CT angiography to improve image quality and automate calculations. This enables more accurate diagnoses and personalized treatments for cardiovascular diseases.
The Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR) will continue for five years to investigate behaviors, lifestyle, and brain health in Black adults. Researchers hope to identify risk factors and protective measures to reduce disparities in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis among Black Americans.
A team of researchers used high-resolution isotope profiling to connect the wanderings of a woolly mammoth with the earliest known human settlements in eastern Beringia. The study suggests that mammoths may have played a role in facilitating human migration to the Americas, and their social structures may have been influenced by climat...