A new framework developed by a multidisciplinary team provides guidance to local and regional planners to anticipate and prepare for the impacts of climate change on critical civic resources. The C-FEWS framework evaluates options and makes decisions related to specific local conditions, focusing on the nexus of food, energy, and water.
Researchers propose incorporating 'hopamine' into therapeutic mix to personalize care for individuals with Parkinson's disease. By considering each person's unique physical and personal characteristics, healthcare professionals can avoid false hopes and create more effective treatment plans.
A new study published in Cell Reports shows that gut bacteria from the patient's own intestine can cause post-operative infections, which are often fatal. The liver plays a key role in controlling these spreading bacteria through special immune cells called innate lymphoid cells.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have developed a cellulose-based material that can easily remove 80% of toxic dyes from wastewater using sunlight. The method is cost-effective, simple to set up, and could benefit countries with poor water treatment technologies.
Researchers from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center found that newer unibody aortic stent grafts failed to meet non-inferiority compared to non-unibody devices. A surveillance program is recommended to monitor safety events related to aortic stent grafts.
Studies suggest that four genetic variants controlling eye pigmentation also regulate retinal health, with imbalances linked to diseases like neurodegenerative conditions. The kynurenine pathway's metabolites play a crucial role in maintaining retinal health.
The giant faba bean genome has been successfully sequenced, providing a wealth of information on its genetic makeup. This breakthrough will facilitate varietal selection for traits related to protein content and yield potential, addressing global demand for plant-based proteins.
Researchers found that chloride ions bind to sweet taste receptors and evoke a taste sensation. The study suggests that low concentrations of Cl- can produce a 'light' sweet taste sensation via the T1r in the taste buds.
A new study warns of a rise in potentially fatal infections caused by bacteria found along parts of the US coast, driven by global warming. The number of Vibrio vulnificus infections has increased from 10 to 80 per year over 30 years, with cases now found further north than ever before.
A new study by Penn State researchers found that ground beetle species will thrive or decline based on their habitats and traits. Habitat conservation can help mitigate the effects of climate change on these insects, which are critical pest control agents in North American agriculture.
The study found a 1.14% incidence rate of moderate and severe OHSS among Chinese women of reproductive age between 2013 and 2017. Women under 35 years old receiving ART are at high risk, accounting for 80% of new cases during this period.
The study found that vaccination significantly reduces the risk of long COVID, while factors such as being overweight, female, smoker, or over 40 increase the likelihood of developing the condition. Vaccination halves people's risk of developing long Covid
Researchers found that a large genetic region responsible for immune responses showed rapid evolution and more Mesolithic hunter-gatherer ancestry, suggesting that genetic variants already present in Europe were passed down preferentially. This suggests that diversity in immune genes may be just as important as adaptation to lifestyle.
Scientists have identified a new molecule that could help distinguish and treat patients with a specific subgroup of medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children. The discovery points to potential targeted therapies using a drug or drugs to block the molecule's activity.
Scientists from USC Stem Cell laboratory discovered a mechanism linking leukemic mutations to varying disease potentials, identifying RNA splicing regulator Rbm25 as a critical factor. The study found that over-contributing clones of blood stem cells produce excessive myeloid cells, leading to potential leukemia development.
A recent court ruling may result in more than 2,000 preventable HIV infections in the coming year due to reduced insurance coverage for PrEP. The study, led by Yale School of Public Health researchers, estimates that a 1% decrease in PrEP coverage could lead to 114 new infections among high-risk populations.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have created a method to safely synthesize the cancer-fighting molecule JA, which has shown promise in treating triple-negative breast cancer. The team found that JA inhibits metabolic activity in cancer cells, starves them of energy and building blocks, leading to cell death.
The latest CDC report highlights changing demographics of autism and its impact on early detection. In California, 2.8% of 8-year-old children have been identified with ASD, while the median age of first diagnosis is just over 4 years.
A new study has created a comprehensive map of the human proteome, identifying over 1 million peptides from 17,717 different protein groups. The researchers also found that most alternative splicing detected at the RNA stage is also present in the proteins, validating long-held ideas about this process.
A recent study has uncovered new ways genetic mutations in patients with muscular dystrophies may lead to disease and neurological problems. The research found that certain genes affected in these disorders are crucial for the proper wiring of sensory axons in flies, a discovery that could have implications for humans.
The study found that oral transmission has profound effects on music evolution, shaping vocal music towards structures that are easier to learn and transmit. Human transmission biases also play a significant role in evolving musical systems.
A major conference will discuss the human cost of heritage loss due to climate change and explore how behavioural science can inform choices about what should be saved. International scholars and policy experts will examine how to measure the impact of Loss and Damage on coastal heritage.
A study using a Chinese atmospheric inversion system found that satellite CO2 retrievals underestimate the global net terrestrial carbon sink, but still provide consistent results with other inversions. The system refines our understanding of flux partitioning between northern and tropical regions.
Researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy was associated with a nearly two-fold higher odds of neurodevelopmental diagnoses at 12 months of age among male children. The risk was not seen in female children.
Researchers have identified three sets of genes involved in building the fake fly structure on the daisy's petals, which are brought together in a new way to deceive male flies. The plant's use of existing genes for iron movement, root hair growth, and flower control gives it an evolutionary advantage.
Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute have discovered a key role for autophagy in controlling intracellular infections like TB. By boosting this natural process, they hope to create new treatments that can combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
A recent study found that U.S. college students have low awareness of wild bee species, with their knowledge focusing primarily on honey bees and pollination services. The researchers suggest that education alone may not be enough to produce attitude and behavior change, and propose a novel approach using semantic network analysis and ...
Exercise training after bariatric surgery alters brain networks associated with food intake and energy regulation. The study found that exercise increased connectivity between the hypothalamus and sensory areas, while decreasing links to the default mode network and salience network.
Genome-wide studies reveal that early European farmers adopted more immune system genes from hunter-gatherers than expected, suggesting natural selection played a key role in adapting to diseases.
Researchers at UChicago develop a more efficient and less toxic method to create MXene material, enabling new applications in electronics and energy storage. The breakthrough allows for the production of large amounts of materials with minimal waste, paving the way for innovative technologies.
A global approach is proposed to integrate natural history museum collections, providing a valuable resource for addressing global issues like invasive species, biodiversity conservation, and climate change. The vast collections held by museums worldwide are becoming increasingly important in policy-relevant research.
A new study using ChatGPT highlights the challenges of AI in academia, including concerns over academic dishonesty. However, researchers believe that AI can also be leveraged to improve education by automating administrative tasks and adapting assessments.
The University of Texas at El Paso has joined a $2.5 million NASA-led project to develop 3D-printed rechargeable batteries using lunar and Martian regolith. Researchers will utilize additive manufacturing processes, such as material extrusion and vat photopolymerization, to produce shape-conformable batteries for space applications.
Researchers developed a new tool to disentangle electronic states in layered quantum materials, revealing surprising results that defy theoretical predictions. By analyzing vibrations and energy measurements, scientists can 'see' how electrons move through the layers.
Researchers attribute unusual radar properties to coherent backscatter opposition effect (CBOE) and ice surface irregularities. The CBOE model, improved by Hofgartner and Hand, can explain all icy satellite radar properties.
A team of researchers has discovered new laws governing fluid flow through experiments on drinking straws, defying previously known resistance laws. The findings have promise for improving fluid handling in medical and engineering applications.
Researchers have overturned the traditional view that oxygen derives from water splitting, instead finding that reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced at mineral-water interfaces are a key source of oxygen. This discovery has significant implications for understanding the evolution of Earth's atmosphere and the habitability of early life.
A cohort study found that nirmatrelvir treatment within five days of a positive COVID-19 test result was associated with reduced post-COVID-19 condition risk, regardless of vaccination status and prior infection history. The study suggests that nirmatrelvir may reduce the risk of long COVID across the risk spectrum.
Scholars developed an AI program using symbolic regression to improve mass inferences of galaxy clusters. The new equations extract jelly at the center and concentrate on doughy outskirts for reliable mass inferences.
A WVU researcher is working on a biopsychosocial intervention to help people with chronic hip pain move and regain mobility. The intervention, called HIPS, combines mindfulness techniques like self-compassion and progressive relaxation with goal-setting and diaphragmatic breathing to reduce pain and increase physical activity.
An international team used AI to analyze old star chemical abundances and found indications that the first stars formed in groups. The study suggests that first-generation stars must have been clustered together rather than isolated, offering a new constraint on the multiplicity of the first stars.
The study found a significant association between the loss of abortion rights and increased mental distress in females of reproductive age. Restricting access to abortion may disproportionately affect lower socioeconomic status individuals, leading to greater economic and mental health burdens.
Researchers at University of Cologne discovered a way to improve DNA repair in body cells, making them resilient towards DNA damage. This can help prevent aging and cancer development, with potential applications for treating human patients.
Scientists at UC Riverside identify microRNA as a key player in plant temperature responses and growth, revealing its essential role in sensing environmental changes. The discovery has significant implications for increasing crop yields in diverse environments and adapting to climate change.
A new national study found that households facing housing insecurity score lower on disaster preparedness scales, highlighting the importance of secure housing for disaster resilience. Housing security is vital for people to be better prepared for disasters, according to researchers.
A 29-year study found that being fit reduces the risk of death from cardiovascular disease in men with high blood pressure. High fitness levels attenuate, but do not eliminate, the increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in individuals with elevated blood pressure.
Recent studies have found improved efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection with the third dose of the vaccine, leading to a reduction in hospitalization. Booster vaccinations also resulted in further increases in antibody responses, demonstrating strong and persistent immunity.
Corneal graft rejection can be as high as 10% due to poor patient compliance with medications, which require frequent eyedrop administrations. Researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University developed nanoparticles to encapsulate eye medication, decreasing graft rejection while requiring fewer and smaller doses. The approach reversed s...
A University of Wisconsin-Madison study found that regular mindfulness activities can improve engineering graduate student emotional well-being and resilience. Students who participated in a mindfulness training program reported significant improvements in emotional well-being, stress management, and focus.
A study published in The Lancet Public Health found that women with mental illness are twice as likely to develop cervical cancer due to low screening rates and increased incidence of precancerous lesions. Researchers highlight the need for proactive measures to address inequality in care.
Researchers have discovered a new pathway to produce saponin-based vaccine adjuvants using the genome of the Chilean soapbark tree. This breakthrough could lead to more potent and affordable vaccines, with potential applications in COVID-19, shingles, and malaria prevention.
Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine are using mRNA vaccine technology to combat various infectious diseases. A new clinical trial aims to test an mRNA-based vaccine against malaria, with hopes for a rapid adaptive response to virus evolution and the manufacture of combination vaccines.
A new study reveals oxytocin is essential for social fear contagion in zebrafish, a form of empathy that shares similarities with mammalian behaviors. The hormone's neural activity matches those found in mammals, indicating a conserved role in emotional contagion.
A recent study published in iScience has found that Covid-19 vaccination does not cause concerning changes to periods. Women who have been infected with the Covid-19 virus are at increased risk of menstrual changes such as missed or heavier periods.
A new study by the University of Exeter found that microplastic pollution reduces energy production in microscopic creatures like Paramecium bursaria. The microorganisms rely on algae for energy through photosynthesis, but severe contamination can lead to a 50% decline in net photosynthesis.
A new mathematical model predicts turbulence and heat transport in fusion plasmas with high accuracy, approximately 1,500 times faster than conventional large-scale nonlinear calculations. This breakthrough accelerates fusion research and expands the range of applicability.
Astrophysicists used AI to improve mass estimates of galaxy clusters by adding a simple term to an existing equation. The new equation downplays the importance of complex cores in calculations, providing more reliable mass inferences.
A new point-of-care testing kit will facilitate early diagnosis and monitoring of Alzheimer's Disease in primary clinics or home settings. The kit detects biomarkers in skin samples, enabling early identification of individuals at greatest risk of dementia.
Researchers describe a new approach to constructing a nose in two young patients with congenital arhinia, a rare genetic disorder that causes the absence of the nose. The staged technique involves augmenting the underlying bones of the face and creating an external nose using tissue expansion and grafts.
Researchers at Shinshu University have developed a closed-loop recycling process for polymers using microparticles, resulting in fully recyclable films with high mechanical stability and fracture energy. The strategy enables the reuse of polymer materials, reducing plastic waste and environmental pollution.
Researchers utilize liquid crystal droplets to visualize electric field distribution within microelectrodes, revealing rotational and translational behaviors under applied voltage. The technique provides high spatial resolution and detection accuracy, enabling defect location analysis.
A new study found that droughts and heatwaves exacerbate air pollution inequalities in California, particularly for communities of color. Financial penalties for power plants can significantly reduce people's exposure to pollution, except during severe heat waves.
Researchers have developed a method to produce QS-7, a promising saponin-based vaccine additive, in tobacco plants. This breakthrough paves the way for scalable and sustainable production of important saponin-based vaccine additives.
Researchers discovered that as magma production decreased, volcanoes became increasingly complex, with internal magma pockets and reservoirs forming. The study provides insights into volcanic eruption processes and can inform our understanding of active continental hotspot volcanoes globally.
New research highlights the need for extra support from professionals like teachers, youth workers, and speech therapists for children with disabilities when using the internet. The study found that these professionals often fail to provide adequate guidance on managing online risks, exacerbating existing digital inequalities.
A research team at HKUMed has invented a non-invasive technology to effectively reduce methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in bony tissue. The novel antibacterial nano-sheets can release ROS subject to ultrasound stimulation, eliminating MRSA bacteria deeply seated in bony tissue with 99.72% efficacy.
A new study finds that Black, Latinx, and low-income people are disproportionately exposed to drilling-related pollution near active oil and gas wells in California. This exposure has been linked to various health issues, including asthma, preterm births, and other problems.
Dr. Crystal Mackall, a leader in advancing cell and gene therapies for children's cancers, is the newest recipient of the Edward Netter Leadership Award. She has led numerous clinical trials treating children with sarcomas and brain cancers.
Researchers have identified a protein that enables sorghum to grow in alkaline, salty soils, increasing its productivity in underutilized sodic lands. The findings suggest designing knockouts of AT1 homologs in crops could improve their yields in salty soils.
A new tool, Paper Park Index (PPI), helps identify 55 marine protected areas that fail to protect marine biodiversity. Most 'paper parks' are located in Latin America and the Caribbean, where fishing intensity is high.
A study published in Redox Biology found that decreased expression of mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases leads to downregulation of OXPHOS subunits in type 2 diabetic muscle. Nitric oxide production is also increased, which could be used as a method for diagnosing the disease.
A team of researchers used machine learning to analyze elemental abundances in over 450 extremely metal-poor stars. The study found that 68% of these stars have a chemical fingerprint consistent with enrichment by multiple supernovae, providing the first quantitative constraint on the multiplicity of the first stars. This challenges th...
The new system, built by researchers at the University of Waterloo, uses low-power radar technology to track activities and alert medical experts to potential health issues. It can detect decline in mobility, increased likelihood of falls, and onset of medical conditions without the need for wearable devices.
A new study found a protein that regulates macrophage function, clearing residues from regenerating muscle and recovering regenerative capacity in aged mice. The discovery holds promise for regenerative medicine and aging, potentially improving the success of current stem-cell based therapies.
The European Union and European Economic Area will likely fall short of the Sustainable Development Goals target for eliminating tuberculosis by 2030. To meet the goal, an annual decline of 11.7% is needed in TB incidence, whereas the current decline rate of 6.8% is insufficient.
A new method to regulate singlet fission (SF) in chromophores enables the design of SF-based materials with enhanced energy conversion. Pressure-based control strategy opens doors to novel, tunable SF materials.
New research suggests the ancient monument of Stonehenge was not used as a giant calendrical device, but rather served as a symbolic representation of the solar cycle. The 'Stonehenge calendar' theory has been discredited due to forced interpretations and unsupported analogies.
Researchers have discovered a complex network of genes in the resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum that enables it to tolerate extreme drought conditions. The study found that this ability is not due to a single 'miracle gene' but rather the result of a whole genome, with many genes present in higher copy numbers than in more ...
A new study by Cedars-Sinai investigators has determined that the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) plays a primary role in weighing value-based choices, such as choosing which book to read or which slot machine to play. The discovery could help understand neurological disorders like addiction and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
A team of researchers developed a dynamical model that explains how animals learn over time, contradicting previous theories. The multi-dimensional model shows that learned associations are not mediated solely by strength but by multiple nearly independent pathways.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and severe COVID-19 increase the risk of long COVID. Vaccination is protective against developing long COVID sequelae.
Researchers developed an AI-based diagnostic screening system called DeepGlioma to analyze tumor specimens and detect genetic mutations rapidly. The system identified molecular subgroups with high accuracy and has the potential to improve access and speed of diagnosis for patients with deadly brain tumors.
Designing low-carbon multi-storey buildings requires focusing on efficient shapes, structural frames, limited window sizes, and ventilation with heat recovery. The study found that these elements can save up to six gigatonnes of carbon by 2050 and reduce annual heating and cooling costs by 28-44%.
A team of researchers used a genetic algorithm to discover an organic catalyst for the Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction, which outperformed traditional catalysts. The computational method suggested new molecular structures that were not present in the initial population, leading to a novel discovery.
SourceWiley·JournalAngewandte Chemie International Edition·TypeExperimental study·DateMar 23, 2023
Researchers developed a platform to study superconducting magnetic detection and phase transitions under high pressure using silicon vacancy defects. They successfully detected pressure-induced magnetic phase transitions in rare-earth magnets and measured the critical temperature-pressure diagram of a superconductor.
Researchers at the Mayo Clinic found that surgical removal of both ovaries in women under 43 increases their risk of developing Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism. The study used health record data from the Rochester Epidemiology Project to analyze over 2,750 women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy.
The National Cooperative Dairy Herd Improvement Program has successfully collected herd production data for 100 years, providing crucial input for cattle breeding and genetics. The program's cooperative structure, data interoperability, and governance model make it a unique example of how data collection benefits producers.
Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute have identified a new cell type, named F-Cell, that plays a crucial role in touch sensing in fruit flies. The study published in Nature Cell Biology reveals that F-Cells are recruited to tactile hairs and participate in sending signals to neighbouring epidermal cells.
A new UK study of 3.6 million surgeries found that operating within 2 weeks of a positive COVID test is safe for recovered patients, with lower mortality rates compared to current guidelines. The study suggests that delaying surgery might cause more harm than good, particularly in patients who have already waited longer for surgery.
A global approach has been developed to survey the vast collections of world's largest natural history museums, estimated to hold over 1.1 billion objects. The initiative aims to inform responses to today's interlocking crises by providing a collective strategy for future conservation and sustainability efforts.
Research found methane emissions from urban areas are underestimated by a factor of three to four, with untreated wastewater contributing to global methane emissions. Improving wastewater treatment could cut up to 6% of total worldwide methane emissions.
The Octapharma USA grant supports the Immunoglobulin National Society's breakfast symposium on PANS/PANDAS, a subset of pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with strep. The program will focus on diagnosis criteria, pathogenic mechanisms, and current treatment options for challenging cases.
Researchers found that cellular growth rate influences gene expression response, leading to unbalanced phenotypic states and a growth-rate-dependent phase transition. The study proposes a mathematical model explaining the bifurcation arising from the relationship between growth rates and gene expression.
Researchers developed a temperature-modulating robotic system to study honeybee behavior in winter, demonstrating its ability to influence movement and prolong colony survival. The system also revealed previously unreported dynamics and shed light on critical periods for bee development.
Chinese scientists have identified a key gene involved in crop alkaline tolerance, which may greatly improve crop yield in sodic environments. The study found that the gene negatively regulates alkaline stress by modulating the efflux of H2O2 under environmental stress.
Researchers at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center found that mesothelioma patients with timely treatment and access to specialized care have better outcomes. However, disparities in access to care are evident, with Black patients being 80% more likely to die than white patients.
A new approach to evaluating carbohydrate quality, the Carbohydrate Food Quality Score (CFQS), acknowledges nutrient and cultural diversity. It supports health equity by recognizing that carbohydrate foods are not homogenous and varying in nutrient profiles and quality.
A comprehensive US state-by-state analysis of COVID-19 impact reveals wide variations in health, education, and economic performance across the country. States with higher poverty, lower educational attainment, and lower healthcare access experienced disproportionately higher rates of SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 deaths.
UConn researchers have developed simple measurements and equations that better predict fat distribution in individuals based on their sex and ethnicity. The tools account for differences in body composition between ethnic populations and women and men, providing a more accurate assessment of obesity-related health risks.
A study from Karolinska Institutet found that melatonin prescription was associated with a lower risk of self-harm in young people with psychiatric disorders, particularly adolescent girls. The risk of self-harm increased before treatment initiation and decreased afterwards.
A new spectroscopy probe could improve the accuracy of deep brain stimulation procedures for Parkinson's patients by providing real-time information on brain tissue. The probe uses optical fibers to perform spectroscopic measurements, which can help neurosurgeons navigate instruments inside the brain.
The Southern Flying Squirrel has been rediscovered in Honduras after 43 years, with records from 1935 to 1979. The discovery confirms the country's southernmost distribution and highlights the need for conservation efforts due to habitat destruction and climate change.
The study successfully generated functional patient-specific T-cells and thymic epithelial cells from human pluripotent stem cells using thymus organoids. This breakthrough provides a new experimental model system to investigate thymic insufficiency and function, potentially leading to cell-based treatments for thymic defects.
A new analysis of innovative approaches to project economic impacts along climate mitigation pathways reveals near-term emissions reductions are globally economically optimal, with central estimates for 'optimal warming' around 1.8-1.9°C by 2100. The study estimates that one euro invested in climate solutions saves the world about 1.5 ...
A study published in the Journal of Infection found that mNGS was significantly more effective at detecting bloodstream infections than conventional microbiological tests (CMTs), identifying 187 infection cases compared to CMTs' 81. Viral infections were the most common type, with CMV being the leading cause.
The CDC report found a continued rise in autism prevalence among 8-year-olds, with girls now surpassing 1% prevalence rate, while boys remain more likely to be diagnosed. The report also showed shifts in racial and ethnic backgrounds of children identified with ASD, with non-white populations having greater diagnostic access.
A new report reveals that children born into the poorest fifth of families in the UK are 12 times more likely to experience poor health and educational outcomes by age 17. This clustering of adverse outcomes is linked to early childhood disadvantage, with modest reductions seen when lifting families out of poverty.
A new series in The Lancet calls for governments to legislate higher standards for marketing harmful products and businesses to commit to ending lobbying against pro-health policies. The authors also congratulate commercial actors adopting alternative financing models that create social value and promote positive health outcomes.
A major study found that climate change could decline the diet quality of fish by up to 10% as zooplankton communities shift towards more carnivorous groups. This could exacerbate declines in fish biomass, with potential implications for human societies relying on fisheries for food and livelihoods.
A new mouse model of RP58/ZBTB18 haploinsufficiency shows impaired motor learning, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. The study suggests that excitatory synaptic defects underlie intellectual disability caused by RP58/ZBTB18 haploinsufficiency.
A new study from Aarhus University reveals that women with endometriosis can significantly improve their quality of life through psychological therapy, reducing symptoms such as pain and constipation. The trial shows that mindfulness and acceptance-based interventions are equally effective in improving quality of life.