A team of researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine used an AI-based approach to uncover patterns among social determinants of health and their impact on children's health outcomes. The analysis found statistical associations between four broad patterns in social determinants and outcomes relating to child developmental health.
Researchers used a stellate ganglion block to restore the sense of smell in patients with long-COVID, showing near 100% resolution of phantosmia in some patients. The treatment was effective in improving symptoms for up to 49% of patients at three months.
Weaker blasts may release more toxic residues than strong ones, contaminating the ocean and posing threats to marine life. Researchers found that lower-power explosions left behind higher levels of TNT in water and sediment.
A global study reveals that farmworkers in major crop regions are facing increasing exposure to extreme heat and humidity, which can impair their ability to function. The most affected crops are rice and maize, with nearly half of the world's rice cropland already experiencing extreme conditions during the planting and harvest seasons.
A new study analyzing cyberstalking research identified sociodemographic and background factors as the largest contributors to perpetration and victimization. The findings highlight the need for targeted prevention strategies considering overlap between offline violence and cyberviolence. Experts emphasize the importance of allocating ...
Scientists at PNNL introduced a new way to evaluate AI system recommendations by incorporating human experts' insights. Human expertise improved the accuracy of predictions and boosted confidence scores, indicating better decision-making capabilities for machine learning systems.
Researchers Matthew Sikora and Benjamin Bitler aim to understand the genetic risk factor for ovarian cancer that varies greatly among ethnic communities. The five-year project will focus on a specific genetic variant, rs3820282, which has been linked to various gynecologic diseases.
The Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology has developed a ceramic nanocomposite material that can absorb NOx and SOx pollutants in an eco-friendly manner. The material can mineralize pollutants into harmless sulfate ions and nitrite ions at room temperature, reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
A recent study published in Nature Communications reveals that disrupted NAD(H) homeostasis is a key factor in tuberculosis pathogenesis. The researchers found that the glycolytic pathway can be selectively inhibited using an LDH enzyme with mostly LDHA subunits, which preferentially converts pyruvate to lactate and NADH to NAD+.
Adults with lower household incomes are less likely to receive cardiologist involvement during heart failure hospitalizations. Socioeconomic factors may influence the quality of care provided to these patients.
Researchers suggest a new evaluation framework to assess AI reasoning abilities, comprising psychological experiments, self-reflection, and source code analysis. This approach aims to determine if AI systems genuinely reason like humans.
Recent studies by Cara Ocobock and Sarah Lacy found that prehistoric women engaged in hunting, with their female anatomy providing advantages such as endurance and fat metabolism. The research corrects the historical erasure of women from the narrative of human evolution.
Researchers at Texas A&M University developed the most comprehensive genome yet for the North American bison, revealing a gene mutation responsible for albinism. The discovery paves the way for understanding genetic variations impacting important traits and informing conservation management.
A recent study by Flinders University researchers found that Generative AI can rapidly create convincing disinformation on health topics, including fake videos and articles.
A new study calls for enhanced transparency in cancer drug trial results to develop better anti-cancer treatments. The multidisciplinary team recommends immediate sharing of participant-level data and public availability of full clinical study reports.
Scientists at the University of Bristol have found a rare phenomenon in purple bronze that could create an ideal 'perfect switch' in quantum devices. The material exhibits emergent symmetry, where it can transition between insulating and superconducting states with temperature changes.
Research finds that poor nutrition contributes to both type 2 diabetes and mental health disorders like depression and anxiety. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and low-fat dairy can reduce the risk of these conditions.
Research by University of Leeds scientists has found evidence that massive Be stars may exist in triple systems, challenging current theories on their formation. The discovery could have significant impacts on our understanding of black holes, neutron stars, and gravitational wave sources.
A study published in Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine found that ChatGPT outperformed expert plastic surgeons in answering preoperative and postoperative patient questions. The AI tool received significantly higher ratings for completeness and overall quality.
A study published in the International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction found that individuals' behavior to prevent disease spread depends on their personal information sources and living situation. The researchers discovered a strong link between medical information consumption before the outbreak and mask-wearing behaviors, while s...
Researchers developed new supramolecular and polymeric organic photocatalytic systems to enhance light utilization efficiency and mineralization under solar light. The new system combines in situ H2O2 generation with in situ Fenton reaction, achieving high-flux mineralization under visible light without additional oxidants.
Plants capture more carbon on weekends when industrial production decreases and fewer people commute, finding similar patterns during COVID-19 lockdowns. This improvement in air quality could enhance natural carbon sequestration and mitigate climate change.
A new study by North Carolina State University researchers found that consumers prioritize flower species, symmetry, and color in floral arrangements. Roses were a key factor in capturing consumer attention, with many willing to pay more for arrangements featuring this popular flower.
The study found that the eruption changed the chemistry and dynamics of the stratosphere, leading to unprecedented losses in the ozone layer. The injection of water vapor and sulfur dioxide increased sulfate aerosols, which drove changes in temperature and circulation, resulting in decreased ozone levels in the Southern Hemisphere.
Scientists at the University of Copenhagen and University of Victoria have developed an AI formula to predict rogue waves, which can split apart ships and damage oil rigs. The new knowledge can make shipping safer by identifying the likelihood of being struck by a monster wave at sea.
Researchers at USTC solved the structure of CaSR-Gq complex, revealing asymmetric activation mechanism. The study shows that CaSR binds to Gq in a shallow pocket on its cytosolic side, unlike other GPCRs.
Researchers developed a novel method to model market regime dynamics using efficient frontiers. The approach outperforms benchmarks and provides interpretable results, allowing for better understanding of portfolio optimization.
A new multi-level three-dimensional quantum wavelet transform theory is proposed to implement the wavelet transform for quantum videos, offering exponential speed-up over classical counterparts. The proposed wavelet transforms have better compression performance for quantum videos than two-dimension quantum wavelet transforms.
A new theoretical framework evaluates the utilization efficiency of mobile power sources in power grids, considering various failure scenarios and structural resilience. The study emphasizes deploying mobile power sources to improve grid survivability and rapid recovery capabilities during disasters.
Scientists from UniSA, UoA and Yale University successfully scale up power in fibre lasers by three-to-nine times while maintaining beam quality. This breakthrough could have significant implications for remote sensing, gravitational wave detection and the defence industry.
A team of MSU scientists has identified a key protein in transporting antimicrobial proteins out of plant cells, which could lead to breakthroughs in crop productivity and yield. By understanding how plants defend themselves against pathogens, researchers can develop new strategies to improve crop resilience.
A recent study at Eötvös Loránd University found that 'smarter' dogs process information similarly to humans, with object appearance mattering as much as its location. The researchers measured spatial bias in 82 dogs and found that those with better cognitive performance linked objects more easily to places.
Cancer cells' uncontrolled growth leads to a loss of ability to divide due to genetic damage accumulation. Simultaneous treatment with growth and division inhibitors can restore cellular function.
Researchers found that chimpanzees extract termites from mounds most successfully when rainfall increases, until a threshold of 200mm is reached. This suggests that termite fishing is a seasonal activity for chimpanzees, with the best opportunities during the early wet season.
Research of 155,000 births finds birth at 39 weeks' gestation is linked to better educational outcomes compared to earlier or later births. No significant differences in numeracy and literacy skills were found between children born at 39 versus 40-42 weeks
Researchers used machine learning to guide high-throughput experimental screening of small molecules, finding ones that improve vaccine response and reduce inflammation. The team discovered a molecule that outperforms the best immunomodulators on the market, with potential applications in cancer treatment.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology have discovered a new type of perovskite oxide with remarkable dual-ion conductivity, promising to revolutionize the development of solid-oxide fuel cells and proton ceramic fuel cells. The material's unique ion migration mechanisms, involving the formation of dimers and efficient proton mig...
Research published in Nature Human Behaviour suggests that lockdowns and voluntary behaviour change lead to similar economic damage, with lockdowns saving more lives. The study's model simulates the balance between health and economic impact, predicting health-economic outcomes of political and health measures during a pandemic.
Researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center have found that lung cancer cells retain a 'memory' of their healthy cell counterparts, which could be exploited to improve treatment with KRAS inhibitors. Eliminating these AT1-like cells improves treatment response to the drugs.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have successfully generated human norepinephrine neurons from stem cells using a key protein called ACTIVIN-A. These LC-NE neurons may serve as models for disease in humans, enabling scientists to screen drugs and answer questions about neurodegeneration.
Researchers from Boston University have developed a novel tool called DecontPro to identify and remove unwanted background noise in single-cell sequencing data. This approach enables more accurate analysis of cells and their molecular characteristics, offering new insights into diseases and conditions.
Researchers found that micronutrient deficiencies in early life can lead to significant shifts in the gut microbiome, promoting antibiotic-resistant bacteria and fungi. The study suggests that addressing undernutrition may be crucial in fighting antibiotic resistance.
A recent study investigated sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD), focusing on its clinical features and biomarkers. EOAD patients were found to have more severe executive function deficits, bilateral precuneus atrophy, and elevated phosphorylated tau protein levels compared to late-onset AD patients.
A review of 23 years of neuroimaging research finds that screen time affects the pre-frontal cortex and other brain regions involved in executive functions, memory, and processing. Digital experiences may shape children's brains and influence cognitive development, with both positive and negative impacts.
The program provides training and resources to equip students to become doctors practicing in rural areas. The scholarships aim to increase the number of physicians in underserved communities, addressing high rates of chronic diseases.
A new research study found that seconded employees select more novel and innovative ideas, influencing permanent staff to do the same. This suggests a simple intervention of leveraging seconded employees can significantly boost the acceptance of innovative ideas, empowering managers to foster a more innovative culture.
A new device developed by Brigham researchers detected an opioid-overdose in preclinical models and captured respiratory rates and heart rates in patients with sleep apnea. The study's results could transform how life-threatening events are monitored and prevented.
Researchers developed an ingestible capsule to measure vital signs from within the GI tract, detecting sleep apnea episodes and breathing rate depression. The device shows promise for early detection of respiratory changes, including those caused by opioids or asthma/COPD.
The University of Hong Kong's 'Super Steel' team has developed a novel stainless steel with superior corrosion resistance, enabling its potential application in green hydrogen production from seawater. The new steel exhibits comparable performance to current industrial practices using Titanium while being much cheaper.
Scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and JBEI developed a simple
A study analyzing a large VA database found that homeless veterans were less likely to receive benzodiazepine prescriptions but more likely to receive risky prescriptions. This raises concerns about safe prescribing practices for this vulnerable population, who are at high risk of substance use disorder and overdose death.
A recent study published in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology has revealed that hemoglobin is present in the epidermis, the outermost layer of our skin. This discovery adds a new facet to understanding the skin's defense mechanisms against aging and cancer.
The study highlights substantial heterogeneity in NICS reporting requirements for mental health prohibitions and a lack of clarity around processes. This raises questions about the ability of NICS to prevent firearm purchases or possession by individuals with court-identified risk of violence.
Researchers developed a new technique, STAPull, to detect protein aggregates in neurological conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. This innovation enables early diagnosis using biomarkers, potentially improving treatment options and quality of life.
Researchers at University of Pittsburgh and KU Leuven identified 30 genetic regions associated with head shape, shedding light on the biological basis of craniosynostosis. The study also found that many genes play key roles in early head formation and bone development.
A Mediterranean diet has been found to reduce the risk of cognitive decline in older adults, according to a new study published in Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. The study, which involved over 840 participants aged 65+, reveals that adherence to the Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with long-term cognitive decline.
Scientists created a supramolecular machine that efficiently converts azobenzenes to their metastable conformation using visible light. The approach, inspired by the deep-sea fish vision system, overcomes limitations of traditional photoswitchable molecules.
A study analyzing European Parliament politicians' views on degrowth and green growth reveals a surprising lack of consensus on both sides. Despite its popularity among centre-right MEPs, green growth is seen as a more divisive concept than previously thought, with no clear majority supporting it.
The American Gastroenterological Association released a new guideline recommending the use of biomarkers to help manage Crohn’s disease. Biomarkers such as C-reactive protein and fecal calprotectin can measure levels of inflammation, helping doctors assess disease activity and guide treatment decisions.
Researchers have improved the accuracy of past Antarctic ice sheet melt predictions, providing a more realistic forecast of future sea level rise. The new model suggests a contribution of 9.8 meters from the Antarctic ice sheet, reducing previous estimates of 20-52cm by 2100.