A team from Heidelberg University discovered a new class of asteroids rich in water, similar to dwarf planet Ceres. The small bodies are thought to have formed in a cold region at the edge of the Solar System before being impacted by gravitational disruptions.
The JADE experiment at DESY discovered the gluon, a particle that binds quarks together to form protons and neutrons. The discovery confirmed the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and was recognized with the 2004 Nobel Prize for Physics.
Research reveals a staggering increase in US methamphetamine-related deaths, with most linked to heroin or fentanyl co-use. The number of deaths attributed to methamphetamine increased 50-fold between 1999 and 2021, with many fatal combinations involving fentanyl.
Researchers at University of Tokyo's Institute for Solid State Physics have demonstrated a switch made from a single fullerene molecule that can function as multiple high-speed switches simultaneously. This technology could lead to unprecedented levels of resolution in microscopic imaging devices.
Researchers from University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University developed a neurotechnology that stimulates spinal cord to improve arm and hand mobility in stroke patients. The therapy enables tasks such as grasping objects and lifting arms above the head, with some improvements lasting even after the stimulation is switched off.
A Rutgers University analysis of Medicaid records found that the regulation did not reduce progression from short-term to long-term opioid use, but did decrease new prescriptions written for more than five days. This change may have reduced leftover opioids available for misuse, but also forced patients who needed longer treatments to ...
A new genomic study found signs of TB adaptation in ancient Andean populations, thousands of years before European contact. The study suggests that Indigenous people in present-day Ecuador developed an immune response to tuberculosis around 3,000 years ago, when agriculture began proliferating in the region.
Researchers have created detailed genetic maps of green and leatherback sea turtle genomes, providing insights into their unique adaptations and evolutionary history. The study reveals that genetic differences between the two species are mainly found on microchromosomes, which may hold the key to each species' survival.
A new study by Tulane University demonstrates that even a single atom can act as a reservoir for computing, processing information optically. The researchers proposed a non-linear single-atom computer where input and output are encoded in light, enabling flexible computation with any desired outcome.
A recent study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation found that PAX5 is strongly associated with impaired insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes. The research team identified 94 previously known genes and discovered many new genes differently expressed in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
A new study found that human contact, including neck scratches, can reduce stress and improve well-being in weaning dairy calves. The research showed that calves housed alone benefited most from the extra human interaction, leading to decreased sucking behaviors and increased rest after meals.
A new report by the University of Nottingham highlights the need for improved transparency in prisoner death investigations to reduce self-inflicted deaths in prisons. The study recommends that the Prisons and Probation Ombudsman adopts more explicit methodology and acknowledges systemic hazards to prevent similar incidents.
Researchers investigated manuka honey's potential to resist bacterial infections and promote bone growth in collagen scaffolds. Higher concentrations of honey led to decreased bone health, while soaked scaffolds showed improved results.
Researchers have unveiled the structure of DREADDs, a neural tool that enables precise control over neurons. The new findings will allow for further refinement and optimization of the tool, paving the way for innovative treatments for brain disorders such as schizophrenia, substance abuse, and Alzheimer's.
Fermi statistics and electronic coincidence circuits were developed at the Institute of Physics in Florence, laying the groundwork for modern electronics. The institute continued to thrive after WWII, establishing a strong theoretical physics program that remains active today.
A new study finds that coccolithophores, a common group of marine phytoplankton, dominate the production of calcium carbonate in the surface ocean. This process controls atmospheric CO2 levels and is crucial for understanding climate change and ocean acidification.
A team of researchers from Japan has developed hemoCD-Twins, a synthetic porphyrin compound that acts as an antidote for both carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide poisoning. In mouse models, the compound resulted in an 85% survival rate and rapid recovery with low toxicity.
Researchers at the Paul Scherrer Institute have developed a film that demonstrates the potential of photopharmacology in treating diseases such as cancer. The new approach uses light to switch on and off a molecular photoswitch, allowing for targeted and reversible drug action.
Researchers studied ship tracks, which reflect sunlight and are formed by moving ships, to understand their benefits and risks of slowing climate change. They developed a mathematical model of ship tracks and found them to persist for more than 24 hours, longer than previously documented.
A new study published in Vaccines found that individuals with a university degree were more likely to believe in the effectiveness of COVID-19 preventive measures. The research also revealed that people with higher education levels had lower levels of trust in scientific misinformation, highlighting the importance of education in shapi...
A groundbreaking study found that a new TB treatment strategy can shorten treatment duration while maintaining effectiveness. The TRUNCATE-TB trial showed that an initial 8-week treatment period followed by retreatment for those not cured was as effective as the standard 6-month treatment but halved the average total time on treatment.
Researchers have discovered a way to fine-tune quantum dots to enhance their nonlinear optical properties, allowing for tighter control over light emission frequency and brightness. This breakthrough could lead to significant advances in optoelectronic devices such as LEDs and light-based computer circuits.
Northwestern University researchers developed a wearable device to track vocal usage and alert users to overuse before vocal fatigue sets in. The device, accompanying algorithms, and app help prevent injury among professionals and patients with voice disorders.
Researchers developed a machine learning model using high-resolution satellite imagery to estimate aboveground carbon stocks in the Amazon. The study found that accounting for uncertainties in forest degradation classification led to lower estimates of mean carbon density, suggesting earlier estimates may have been over-optimistic.
A study led by Emory University found that young, single, and less educated men were disproportionately deported during the Trump administration, despite differing rhetoric. The research analyzed data from three administrations and suggests that immigration policies have unintended consequences on immigrant groups.
Researchers developed a new catalyst that transforms hydrocarbons into higher-value chemicals, making materials easier to recycle and biodegrade. The catalyst introduces functional groups into aliphatic hydrocarbons, affecting their properties and making them recyclable.
New study reveals that diseased plant cells produce more proteins before dying, alerting healthy cells to boost immunity and prevent disease spread. This 'deathbed rally' helps the rest of the plant stay healthy, paving the way for potential disease resistance strategies.
Researchers investigated polysaccharide composition of hydrenchyma tissue in 93 different species of aloes to understand connection with medicinal use, phylogeny, growth form, distribution, and leaf morphology. The study found that polysaccharide composition primarily correlates with growth form and leaf morphology.
Researchers are using pythons captured by SFWMD's Python Elimination Program and FWC's Python Action Team to study python biology further. The tracking devices will lead researchers to the snakes, allowing them to record behavior and document reproductive data such as nesting sites and hatchlings.
Researchers have found that brexanolone works by inhibiting systemic inflammatory pathways associated with depression. The study suggests that inflammation may contribute to the development of post-partum depression.
Researchers developed a structured approach to close gender pay gaps by analyzing pay drivers and allocating raises to underpaid women. This method improved pay equity in dozens of businesses worldwide, including those with up to 130,000 employees.
The Heidelberg Laureate Forum Foundation offers journalist travel grants to cover the 10th HLF from September 24-29, 2023. Recipients of prestigious awards in mathematics and computer science will gather with young researchers for a week of interdisciplinary dialogue.
Researchers at HKU Engineering have developed a new type of continuous Marangoni transport system that generates highly ordered Fermat's spiral patterns. The system utilizes an aqueous two-phase system, inspiring potential biological applications and novel methods for fibre fabrication.
The DELIVER study found that the vaginal dapivirine ring posed no safety concerns when used in the third trimester of pregnancy. The study enrolled women at different stages of gestation and reported similar pregnancy outcomes between those using the ring and a placebo.
Scientists have created a non-destructive method to detect and differentiate gibberellins, a class of plant hormones crucial for growth. The new nanosensors can identify changes in GA levels across various plant species, enabling early interventions against salinity stress.
A systematic review of 32 studies involving 63,000 participants from 16 countries found that disordered eating affects approximately 22% of children and adolescents globally. The study highlights the need for public health strategies to prevent eating disorders, particularly among girls and those with increasing body mass index.
Researchers at the University of Bern discovered that geckos can detect and distinguish their own skin chemicals from those of other geckos, revealing a new level of social complexity in these animals. This finding suggests that geckos are more intelligent than previously thought, using pheromones for communication and self-recognition.
Researchers found that zebra fur's thinly striped and sharply outlined pattern deters horseflies. The team theorized that small dark patches are less appealing to flies compared to large monochrome patches.
A new study found that people with large social networks, particularly those with women, are more likely to take action to protect their health during environmental disasters. The research also highlighted the importance of community leaders and local groups in disaster recovery efforts.
Researchers found that doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis did not prevent chlamydia or gonorrhea among cisgender women in a clinical trial. The lack of efficacy was attributed to differences in anatomy and antibiotic resistance.
A new study from Trinity College Dublin identifies groups most at risk of vitamin D deficiency, including those with dark skin and low intakes. The research highlights the need for better awareness and promotion of adequate vitamin D intake through foods and supplements.
A new statistical analysis tool has uncovered the distribution and intermixing of Jomon hunter-gatherers and East Asian immigrant farmers in Japan. The study found that regions with higher Jomon ancestry are more prone to obesity, while those with higher East Asian ancestry are more susceptible to exacerbated asthma.
Repurposing regular shelters could cut travel times for vulnerable populations by up to 70%. Researchers used storm surge modeling to analyze how quickly residents could reach special needs shelters. The study showed that repurposing one shelter reduced average travel time from 28.5 minutes to 7.4 minutes.
Researchers developed an autonomous resonance-tuning mechanism for energy harvesting from vibrations, achieving efficient power supply for IoT sensors. The device can adjust its frequency to match the surroundings' vibration, enabling continuous electricity generation over a broad bandwidth.
A new Cornell University-led study finds 'staggering' disparities in national sheltered homelessness rates across race and ethnicity, with Black and Indigenous Americans disproportionately affected. The report highlights a need for more comprehensive data to inform policies targeting those most at risk of homelessness.
Atoms encounter high frictional forces when moving towards blackbody radiation at lower temperatures, a phenomenon known as blackbody friction force (BBFF). This effect is particularly strong at lower temperatures and could impact atomic clocks, interferometers, and other high-precision experiments.
A study of 2.2 million Danish children found certain maternal infections during pregnancy increased childhood leukemia risk among offspring. The findings suggest potential implications for etiology and preventive measures.
A study found that people with long COVID who experience anxiety and depression months after a mild case of COVID-19 may have brain changes that affect the function and structure of the brain. The study also revealed widespread functional changes in brain networks, suggesting potential problems with memory and thinking skills.
Researchers propose a novel strategy for producing encrypted messages recyclable using four kinds of self-healable photoswitchable fluorescent polymers. These polymers display rapid photoresponsiveness, high contrast fluorescence switching, and excellent mechanical properties.
George Mason University researchers are developing a digital twin system to provide farmers with real-time data on crop conditions, soil, weather, and markets. The CropSmart Digital Twin (CSDT) aims to support the USDA's goal of increasing U.S. agricultural production by 40% while reducing its environmental footprint by half by 2050.
A recent study has found that kilonovae explosions are shaped like perfect spheres, contradicting previous assumptions. The discovery may provide a new method for measuring the Universe's age, complementing existing methods and offering greater precision in distance measurements.
Researchers Jack Griffith and Taghreed Al-Turki found that telomeres at chromosome tips can encode two small proteins with potent biological properties. The VR protein is elevated in some human cancer cells and may serve as a biomarker for age-related diseases.
Leading addiction scientists criticize Australia's National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) for its 2022 statement on e-cigarettes, which they say selectively cites evidence and relies on flawed analysis. The critique argues that the NHMRC statement confuses association with causation and adopts a double standard.
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant disparities in childcare disruption and missed preventive checkups among low-socioeconomic status families. Research highlights the need to investigate the association between delayed appointments and child health outcomes.
Researchers at UTHSC are conducting a study on interactive technology to aid weight loss in overweight and obese adults. The CHAMPS program will deliver a weight loss program via internet, patient portal, text messaging, and phone calls to reduce barriers and promote significant weight loss.
A team of scientists from Arizona State University predicts that silicon-rich crystals will rise in the Earth's outer core, forming 'snow' that can affect seismic velocity anomalies. The research, published in Nature, uses a new method to simulate high-pressure and high-temperature conditions expected for the core.
Researchers discovered that administering oxygen during episodes of dystonia significantly reduces symptoms and improves quality of life. The study found that rapid oxygen delivery interrupts cortical spreading depression, a phenomenon linked to hypoxia and triggering the condition.
A 53-year-old man has been cured of HIV after receiving a stem cell transplant, marking the third person to achieve this. The patient's genome contained a mutation in the CCR5 gene, making it impossible for most HIV viruses to enter his CD4+ T-lymphocytes.
Scientists used CT scans to analyze unopened expedition crates from the Tendaguru dinosaur site, revealing numerous dinosaur bones, including those of Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki. The images also provide a valuable testimony of the historic expedition and colonial context.
New studies reveal how NANOG gene reprograms senescent adult stem cells and skeletal muscle cells, reversing hallmarks of aging. Researchers discovered that inhibiting methionine metabolism restores age-associated impairments, leading to enhanced muscle strength and regeneration.
High-frequency ultrasound shaking reduces friction between solids by weakening interfacial forces. The research also reveals that these vibrations can induce sudden jerky motions, destabilizing the system.
A new mathematical model uses wastewater samples to predict COVID-19 cases five days in advance, detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA with high sensitivity. The approach could help authorities tailor infection control policies when clinical surveillance is lacking.
A 60-day bed rest study showed that long-term inactivity significantly increases blood sugar levels even with reduced food intake. The study found average blood sugar levels increased by 6% during the day and 10% at night, highlighting the importance of physical activity for metabolic health.
A recent study published in JHEP Reports found that individuals with low thigh muscle volume and high muscle fat infiltration had an increased mortality risk. The researchers also discovered that poor muscle health was not associated with a worsened prognosis in people with fatty liver disease.
A new approach to boosting protein production has been discovered, which could lead to the generation of a universal booster for protein production. The breakthrough centers on Exin21, a sequence that increases mRNA synthesis and stability and protein expression and secretion.
The A.J. Drexel Autism Institute found that the M-CHAT(-R/F) autism screener performs well when used as intended, with high sensitivity and specificity rates. The study analyzed 50 studies published between 2001 and 2020 and found variability in performance depending on factors such as sample size and confirmation strategies.
Researchers found extensive interaction between US officials and the alcohol industry, including sharing scientific research and policy implications. The study suggests a significant influence of industry on public health science, threatening the integrity of NIAAA's funding.
The article reviews the outlook of atomic layer deposition (ALD) based oxide semiconductor thin film transistors (TFTs), highlighting four benefits: in-situ composition control, vertical structure engineering, chemical reaction and film properties, and insulator and interface engineering. Despite these advantages, challenging issues re...
A team of Illinois Tech associate professors and an alumnus surveyed over 1,400 British police officers and found that autonomy-supportive communication practices reduced antagonism towards diversity initiatives. The study's lead researcher hopes that this approach will increase cooperation in professions where prejudice is high.
Researchers have found that iron treatment increases rice's resistance to infection by the pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Exposure to moderate levels of iron triggers a process called ferroptosis, which limits the progression of the fungus and controls the infection.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University used AI to analyze vast amounts of biomedical knowledge and electronic health records. The study found that ketamine improved remission rates among patients with cocaine-use disorders by two to four times. While promising, additional clinical trials are needed to fully assess ketamine's po...
A US study found that COVID-19 vaccination is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events, particularly among those with comorbidities. Even partial vaccination was linked to a reduced risk of adverse cardiovascular events. The research suggests that vaccination may have beneficial effects on post-COVID-19 complications.
A team of researchers from the University of Pittsburgh and University of Georgia is leading a $749,997 NSF Convergence project to collect and analyze data in Pittsburgh and Georgia to build a more circular economy. They will use the Circularity Assessment Protocol (CAP) to examine material usage and management at community levels.
Scientists have discovered a new type of solid crystal that forms when water and table salt combine in cold and high-pressure conditions, potentially existing on the surface of Jupiter's moons. This finding has significant implications for planetary science and the search for extraterrestrial life, as it could explain the mysterious ch...
Researchers found a significant link between chronic pain and dementia, with multisite chronic pain increasing the risk of neurocognitive abnormality by up to eight years.
Researchers found that a combination of symptom and high-level viral rebound after untreated COVID-19 infection is rare, occurring in only 3 percent of study participants. This suggests that accounting for underlying rates of symptom relapse is crucial when evaluating antiviral treatment effects.
The European Northern Bald Ibis population is well on its way to self-sustainability, thanks to a successful reintroduction project that began over 20 years ago. With good survival and reproduction rates, the population has demonstrated positive future survival probabilities, even in the face of catastrophes.