Researchers have developed a new method for designing metasurfaces using photonic Dirac waveguides, enabling the creation of binary spin-like structures of light. This advances the field of meta-optics and opens opportunities for integrated quantum photonics and data storage systems.
The HKU team's PULSAR boasts full onboard perception, mapping, and control capabilities in indoor and outdoor environments without external instruments. It can detect static and dynamic obstacles, track complex trajectories, and navigate autonomously even in complete darkness.
Researchers found that a combination of amyloid burden and blood markers of abnormal astrocyte activation can predict Alzheimer's disease progression. Testing for these biomarkers may help identify patients at risk, enabling earlier diagnosis and treatment.
A recent study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that officers' first 45 words during a vehicle stop with a Black driver can indicate how the stop will end. The study discovered a unique 'linguistic signature' that characterizes escalated stops, where officers give an order without stating the reaso...
A new catalyst converts methane into formaldehyde using sunlight, achieving nearly 100% selectivity and high conversion efficiency. The synergy of copper and tungsten atomic species enhances the overall efficiency and selectivity of the process.
An observational study of 329,000 Medicare admissions found that older persons receiving hospital care from allopathic (M.D.) or osteopathic (D.O.) physicians experience similar quality and cost of care. Researchers also highlight systemic health inequities faced by persons with sickle cell disease.
Researchers have found significant amounts of highly radioactive cesium-rich micro-particles in an abandoned school building close to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, posing a potential health risk if inhaled. The study highlights the need for thorough cleaning and safety assessments when handling contaminated buildings.
Researchers at Flinders University identified rare images of Moluccan vessels in NT rock art paintings, potentially providing evidence of visitors from Southeast Asia to northern Australia. The depictions feature distinctive shape and configuration, indicating a degree of intimate knowledge of the craft.
New DNA testing technology shows that a majority of wild dingoes in Australia are pure, with less dog lineage than previously thought. The study found significant regional variation in dingoes and suggests that previous studies overestimated the prevalence of dingo-dog hybrids.
The prevalence of depression among adolescents increases with age, affecting up to 1 in 4 youths during the pandemic. More than 60% of adolescents with MDD also have co-occurring mental health conditions, making diagnosis and treatment challenging.
A pan-cancer single-cell T cell atlas provides a detailed picture of the heterogeneity of T cells within the tumor microenvironment, revealing a previously undescribed stress response state that appears to be less effective at fighting cancer. This new discovery highlights the need for further understanding of how these states contribu...
Researchers have developed novel thermoelectric modules using the same parent materials, Mg3Sb2-based alloys. The modules show well-matched TE and mechanical properties, enabling optimal conversion efficiency. This achievement heralds widespread applications of thermoelectric devices in power generation.
A Japanese-led team used mapping techniques to quantify the impact of agriculture on high-priority conservation areas. The study found that commodities like beef, rice, and soybeans are often produced in high-conservation priority areas, while others like barley and wheat are sourced from low-priority areas.
Researchers from Osaka University developed a biomimetic robot that uses dynamic instability to navigate uneven terrain. The robot can switch between straight and curved walking motions, making it suitable for search and rescue operations or planetary exploration.
A low-cost clip attachment uses a smartphone's camera and flash to monitor blood pressure, making it easy and affordable for resource-poor communities. The technology was tested on 24 volunteers and showed comparable results to traditional blood pressure cuffs.
Researchers in the Carassius complex discovered a unique reproduction mode that combines ameiotic oogenesis and sperm-egg fusion. This discovery enables the efficient synthesis of sterile allopolyploids, providing a promising approach for fish polyploidy breeding.
The study found that about one-third of all farming occurs in high conservation priority areas, with certain staples like beef and soybeans tending to be produced there. Changing sourcing practices can help reduce the impact on biodiversity, according to researchers.
A new MIT study shows that lawyers prefer plain English contracts, which they find easier to understand and more appealing than traditional legal documents. The researchers found that while lawyers excel at reading and writing complex legalese, the style can be a barrier for non-lawyers.
Researchers developed a novel blood serum assay to diagnose neurodegenerative diseases by detecting abnormal α-synuclein. The assay, IP/RT-QuIC, can efficiently detect low concentrations of α-synuclein seeds and distinguish between Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy.
KRISS demonstrates carrier transport mechanism of photoanode with protective film, enabling efficient and long-lasting green hydrogen production. The technology has the potential to enhance efficiency and lifespan of photoanodes and contribute to commercialization of green hydrogen.
Perovskite photovoltaics are promising for generating solar energy due to their ability to be printed like newspapers and require less material than traditional technologies. However, these materials exhibit instabilities that can cause them to degrade quickly, hindering their commercial viability.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine discovered that eliminating the gene SRC-3 in immune cells, specifically regulatory T cells (Tregs), triggered a lifelong anti-cancer response. This approach eradicated breast and prostate cancer tumors without negative side effects.
A recent study compared robotic and laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer, finding that robotic surgery has superior short-term outcomes but comparable long-term results. The authors suggest considering 3D/4K displays over traditional 2D displays as a more favorable alternative for those without robotic capabilities.
A New Zealand study found that 96% of participants reported improved conditions after using cannabis therapeutically. The study suggests that medicinal cannabis products could have a role in treating chronic pain and other conditions refractory to treatment by conventional means.
Biomedical engineers at UTS have developed an intervertebral disc-on-a-chip, a precision-engineered toolbox for low back pain studies. The device simulates the complex mechanobiology of native tissue, enabling accurate evaluation of experimental methods for treatment or regeneration.
Researchers have developed a new scheme for controlling qubits in multilevel systems, enabling high-fidelity gate operations and overcoming interference issues. The approach uses a shuttle state to achieve equivalent coupling between any two energy levels, allowing for efficient control of quantum states.
Researchers at USTC developed an undercoordinated Cu nanodots catalyst for electrocatalytic acetylene semihydrogenation, achieving over 90% Faradaic efficiency and continuous synthesis of polymer-grade ethylene. The catalyst outperforms traditional thermocatalytic methods with lower energy consumption and compact reactor design.
A research team led by Prof. SUN Baolin revealed the mechanism of transcriptional regulation via S-nitrosylation for vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. The study found that nitric oxide generated by NOS mediates the S-nitrosylation of transcription regulator MgrA, promoting vancomycin resistance.
A USTC research team designed a novel Ag pyrazole molecular catalyst that enables the one-step electrooxidation of propylene into 1,2-propylene glycol. The catalyst's dynamically reversible interconversion structure breaks the scaling relation and enhances the reaction rate.
Researchers have discovered how Botox, a deadly neurotoxin, enters brain cells, allowing for potential therapeutic targets to be identified. The study, published in the EMBO Journal, reveals that Botox hijacks a complex of receptors to interrupt communication between nerves and muscle cells, causing paralysis.
Researchers successfully demonstrate AAV vector efficacy in aged animal models, showing robust hearing rescue in mice with a mutation equivalent to a defective human gene. The study suggests that virally mediated gene therapy could potentially treat genetic hearing loss, especially for patients diagnosed at advanced age.
Researcher Micah Tan has been recognized for his work on older adults' health and wellbeing. His research focuses on developing holistic measures of wellbeing that can span economic, psychological, social, and mental dimensions. He aims to help more people age successfully by enabling them to contribute meaningfully to their communities.
Researchers at Osaka University identified two key genes, Srr1 and Skb1, involved in gross chromosomal rearrangement. These genes play a crucial role in preventing the formation of isochromosomes, a type of structural mutation in chromosomes.
A study found that nursing and clerical staff experienced higher levels of psychological distress due to fear of COVID-19. In contrast, physicians had higher resilience levels. The availability of in-hospital support and consultation on infection control also played a role in mitigating fear and stress.
A new study found that strategic city planning can reduce the urban heat island effect by using trees, taller buildings with shade-providing effects, and pavement with high albedo levels. These design strategies can help create more comfortable thermal conditions in cities, especially for low-income communities and vulnerable populations.
In a breakthrough study, researchers discovered that the neuropeptide DH31 regulates reproductive dormancy in insects, controlling juvenile hormone production. This finding could lead to the development of new technologies to control agricultural pests and infectious disease vectors.
A team of researchers found that a hydrogen sulfide donor adjuvant can disrupt mitochondrial respiration, suppressing heat shock protein production and making tumor cells more sensitive to photothermal therapy. This approach led to the eradication of tumors in laboratory mice with breast tumors within just a few days.
Researchers have created a new technology capable of processing vast amounts of information generated by quantum systems. This is achieved through the coupling of deterministic single photon light sources with specially designed integrated photonic circuits.
Researchers at Penn State have developed a protein-based nano-computing agent that can directly influence cell behavior by responding to stimuli and producing desired actions. The agent, which responds to light and a drug called rapamycin, has the potential to control cellular orientation and behavior.
The study found that poison frog tadpoles developing in clear environments can visually discriminate between predators, while those in darker environments exhibit weaker responses. This research provides insight into the visual plasticity of animals in response to environmental change and its implications for habitat disturbance.
A new approach improves quality factors and robustness of symmetry-protected BICs, achieving high-quality factor resonances with enhanced light-matter interactions. The hybrid BIC lattice offers a simple and generalized method to achieve high-quality factor metasurfaces.
The research aims to optimize layout, zoom, and user selection on mobile devices to display enough data for users to make sense of it. The team will also explore the impact of speech, touch, and tilting modes on enhancing user readability of data visualizations.
Researchers review carbon-based ORR catalysts, focusing on active site fabrication, stability, and porous structure effects. They analyze causes of catalyst deactivation and strategies to improve stability and anti-poisoning properties.
Researchers have modeled fractons, stationary quasiparticles, and found they are not visible even at absolute zero temperature due to quantum fluctuations. The team plans to develop a model to regulate these fluctuations, paving the way for experimental materials that could exhibit fractons.
Researchers found that piglets born to stressed sows in concrete stalls showed epigenetic changes in brain regions related to emotion, learning, and memory. The study highlights the importance of animal welfare and suggests that even small improvements can have significant effects.
A Canadian study found that eliminating out-of-pocket medication expenses for patients with cost-related nonadherence results in lower healthcare spending over three years. The analysis suggests that reducing medication costs could lead to significant savings in the overall healthcare system.
Researchers found changes in grey matter volume in pain-processing areas of the brain, with decreased volume in regions responsible for inhibiting pain. The study also revealed altered signal transmission in the thalamus and correlations between brain structure and perceptional characteristics.
A study of 438,000 UK Biobank participants found that adherence to healthy lifestyle factors was associated with a reduced risk of various obesity-related diseases. However, this association was modest in adults with obesity, suggesting that a healthy lifestyle may not entirely offset health risks.
Researchers discuss chemotherapeutic resistance in recurring ovarian cancer, focusing on the unfolded protein response and its effect on polyploid giant cancer cells. Understanding this mechanism could lead to investigating cancer cell molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies.
Researchers at Tohoku University have developed a technique to micro/nanofabricate silicon nitride thin devices using a femtosecond laser. The method enables precise machining and contaminant removal, opening doors for non-destructive cleaning of high-purity graphene. By applying this method to an ultra-thin atomic layer of graphene, t...
The Chang'e project has successfully mapped the Moon's surface, composition and inner workings, providing new insights into its evolution and potential resources. Future research aims to unlock the secrets of water ice and lunar material composition.
The INRS team developed a single-shot ultrafast terahertz photography system that captures ultrashort events in optically opaque scenarios. The system uses an electro-optic sampling technique and achieves sub-picosecond resolution, allowing researchers to study complex dynamics inaccessible by conventional optical frequencies.
A new RAND Corporation study finds that state policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers and continuing medical education related to substance misuse significantly increase the use of anti-opioid medication. This is associated with improved quality of life and decreased fatal overdose rates.
Scientists have successfully created a superlattice of lead sulfide semiconducting colloidal quantum dots that exhibits the electrical conducting properties of a metal. This breakthrough could lead to improved capabilities in devices such as solar cells, biological imaging, and quantum computing.
Two researchers will receive $1 million each for their five-year studies on new medication-based approaches to repair damaged aortas, as well as the effects of exercise on healing heart muscle and brain tissue after a heart attack or stroke. The American Heart Association's Merit Award supports innovative research with high impact.
The US Army has awarded over $5.7 million to two quantum computing projects at the University of Pittsburgh, led by Associate Professor Michael Hatridge. The grants aim to overcome roadblocks in modular quantum computing and develop new hardware approaches for superconducting quantum computers.
Researchers developed a biofuel cell on a chip that measures blood glucose levels using a few microliters of blood. The sensor generates an electrical signal based on the enzyme's reaction with glucose, providing accurate readings using general-purpose devices like smartphones.
Repetitive manual dexterity training for 12 weeks improves executive function and boosts cognitive load patterns in older adults. Daily training has a positive correlation with active blood hemoglobin levels in the prefrontal cortex.
Researchers found variability in IgA levels between blood and gut samples, suggesting IgA regulates commensal microbes to prevent immune dysregulation. Patients with normal fecal IgA were less likely to develop symptoms, while those deficient in both blood and fecal IgA showed elevated inflammatory cytokines.
Researchers have discovered the formation and decay process of solvated dielectrons for the first time, using ammonia droplets containing a sodium atom. The process involves one electron migrating to solvent molecules while the other is ejected, with potential applications in reducing agents and chemical reactions.