Researchers at MIT have discovered a single scaffolding protein, TCOF1, responsible for forming a biomolecular condensate within the nucleolus. The findings suggest that this condensate played a crucial role in the evolutionary shift from a bipartite to a tripartite nucleolus 300 million years ago.
Controlling the source of electromagnetic waves enables control of the period of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), increasing fabrication speed and accuracy. Researchers discovered that varying the substrate material affects the LIPSS period, allowing for more precise manipulation.
A large long-term study found that good cardiorespiratory fitness in young men is associated with a significantly lower risk of developing nine specific cancers, including a 40% reduced risk of liver cancer. Higher fitness was also linked to lower risks of rectal, pancreatic, and bowel cancers.
The new online course, “Understanding Spinal Cord Injury: A Course for Personal Care Assistants,” enhances training for PCAs to provide quality assistance services for individuals with spinal cord injury. The four-module course covers topics such as building relationships, managing blood pressure, and transferring clients safely.
Researchers created a database linking utility patents and NIH funding to assess translational efficiency. The Translational Ratio metric provides insights into patenting efficiency and its impact on drug innovation and treatment development. Institutions with strong engineering operations tend to be more successful in producing patents.
Researchers studied how tastes influence creativity by analyzing brain networks and individual preferences. They found that the subjective evaluation of ideas plays a crucial role in creativity, and that individuals have different creative profiles related to their fields of activity.
Researchers discovered a vast array of tardigrade species in Denmark, with unique DNA sequences detected in 96 samples, highlighting their adaptability to various environments. The findings shed light on the incredible survival abilities of these tiny creatures, which can withstand extreme conditions.
A new study, funded by George Mason University, explores the effects of group digital gaming on cognitive function, mood, and behaviors in people with early to moderate levels of dementia. The research aims to learn if this innovative technology can enhance cognitive stimulation and overall well-being.
Researchers discovered the largest known single dinosaur track site in Alaska, dubbed 'The Coliseum', which contains layer upon layer of prints preserved in rock. The site provides a unique record of multiple species of dinosaurs thriving in Interior Alaska nearly 70 million years ago.
Scientists at UAB identify a cell-surface marker that distinguishes PD-1+CXCR5+CD4+ T cells destined to become GC-Tfh cells from those becoming long-lived memory CXCR5+CD4+ T cells. The study reveals the critical role of c-Maf in the transition step from pre-Tfh to GC-Tfh cell differentiation.
A team of researchers developed a computational simulation that explains key mechanism of DNA segregation, providing new insights into the distribution of genetic information during bacterial cell division. The study reveals fundamental biochemical principles relevant to synthetic biology and medical applications.
Researchers developed a new technique, GoT-Splice, to analyze RNA splicing in individual cells, revealing how mutations in genes controlling this process lead to diseases. The study linked these mutations to specific changes in immature red blood cells and discovered disruptions in the gene BAX.
A new study by UCLA chemists reveals that many HHC products contain less of the biologically active isomer, which can lead to inconsistent effects. The researchers have developed a method for synthesizing the more active isomer, reducing variability in products.
Researchers at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center are working on a new urine test to detect prostate cancer, reducing the need for invasive biopsies. They will use exosomes, small extracellular vesicles, as a promising new biomarker and collaborate with Exosome Diagnostics.
A new study reveals that most Canadians now have hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2, with infection-acquired seroprevalence rising dramatically after the Omicron variant circulated in Canada. The study found that younger age groups showed faster increases in infection-acquired immunity, reaching over 75% by March 2023.
A Washington State University-led study found that dry lightning can cause wildfires despite up to 7.7 mm of precipitation, posing a risk for responders to detect fires earlier. The research analyzed data on over 4,600 naturally caused fires and found holdover fires, which can smolder for days before exploding into full-blown wildfires.
Astronomers have confirmed that Maisie's galaxy is among the earliest galaxies detected by the James Webb Space Telescope. The galaxy, first spotted last summer, is estimated to be 390 million years after the Big Bang, making it one of the four earliest confirmed galaxies observed.
Researchers found that epigenetic silencing shuts off key genes required for sensory cell conversion. Enzyme TET can remove methyl groups to reverse gene silencing and restore hearing capability. Progenitor cells in deaf ears may already be primed to convert into sensory hearing cells.
Researchers at UBC Okanagan's Integrated Optics Laboratory develop imaging systems that apply terahertz radiation, enabling fast and accurate characterization of biological specimens. This technology holds promise for improving diagnostic imaging and detecting carcinogenesis.
A study published in PNAS found that government-mandated external moderation is likely to be effective in limiting harm on fast-paced platforms like X. The researchers examined the dynamics of content dissemination and found that a lower half-life means most harm happens right after content is posted.
A new study by North Carolina State University researchers found that artificial light at night links with lower survival for two backyard bird species, the gray catbird and house wren. The study used data from a citizen-science program to investigate how light pollution affects birds' survival rates.
A new study found that intensive lifestyle intervention, including weekly counseling on diet and exercise, is associated with increased employment among people with type 2 diabetes. Study participants without a college degree had even larger employment gains from lifestyle changes recommended by specialists.
A new study from the University of Notre Dame recommends building water projects that allow community collaboration, reducing distances and increasing equity. The research team created a unique dataset to optimize locations and found that community collaboration models outperform traditional methods.
Researchers have discovered that smaller metal droplets resist freezing into glass for longer, even at lower temperatures. This finding has significant implications for understanding material properties and durability.
Researchers sequenced the genome of Prymnesium parvum, a microscopic algae species causing toxic blooms in US waters. The study found significant genetic variation among strains, suggesting multiple populations and potential hybridization cases. This discovery could improve prediction models for algal blooms and ecosystem disruption.
Proeboscideans evolved tooth changes in response to vegetation changes and climate change in East Africa. The earliest true elephants developed highly specialized high-crowned molar teeth around 7 million years ago, adapted to grass-rich diets.
Researchers analyzed 10,000 proteins from 10 different cancers, identifying key drivers and interactions that fuel tumor growth. The study provides valuable insights into the molecular basis of cancer and may lead to new treatments targeting specific proteins or chemical alterations.
Researchers have discovered that gene therapy may prevent relapse in patients with serious alcohol addiction by altering dopamine function in the brain's mesolimbic reward pathway. The treatment involves sustained release of glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in a specific region of the brain.
Researchers have found that studying the mass and movement of the Andromeda galaxy and the Milky Way could help place an upper limit on the value of dark energy. The technique may provide valuable insights into the mysterious force, but it is not yet a direct detection.
A new review challenges the dominant Western approach to mindfulness, emphasizing its potential to foster connection with others and the natural world. The study suggests mindfulness can be used to address issues like eco-anxiety and promote a sense of place within nature.
A new study by the University of York found that digital puzzle games enhance memory abilities in older adults, similar to those of people in their 20s. However, strategy games did not show the same improvements. The study suggests that brain storage information changes with age, and future research should focus on this connection.
A new study found that only 43% of pregnant women with lower back and pelvic girdle pain reported their symptoms to healthcare providers. Of those who did report the pain, 80% received effective treatment. Healthcare providers should ask about lumbopelvic pain in pregnant patients, especially if it disrupts daily activities.
Researchers have developed an oncolytic virus that can 'warm up' cold tumors and improve immunotherapy outcomes. The virus was engineered to carry a gene encoding a TGF-β inhibitor, which greatly increased survival rates in mice with aggressive melanoma and other cancers.
Researchers from University of Michigan found a strong link between air pollution from wildfires and farming activities, and the risk of developing dementia. The study, which analyzed data from nearly 30,000 adults over 18 years, suggests that reducing exposure to these sources of emissions may help lower the incidence of dementia.
A study of nearly 1,300 individuals diagnosed with six types of mental illness reveals diverse brain changes, with no more than 7% showing similar deviations in the same area. The research identifies potential treatment targets for individualized therapy.
A Dartmouth-led study suggests that expanded irrigation of corn and soybeans in the US could outweigh costs by mid-century. The research found that certain regions, such as North Dakota and Michigan, would benefit from irrigation due to increasing drought conditions.
A new study in rural Uganda found a significant relationship between maternal adverse childhood experiences and child mental health problems. Maternal depression may play a vital role in transmitting these effects across generations, highlighting the need for prioritizing mental health support.
A new strategy uses ionic liquid to induce deep grafting of polyelectrolytes onto polyamide layers, improving separation selectivity and resistance to fouling in nanofiltration membranes. This enhances water purification and resource recovery processes.
Chronic pain patients who take opioids need access to gold-standard multi-modal pain care, including physical therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and integrative medicine techniques. The experts recommend restructuring insurance models, enhancing provider education, and addressing racial inequities in care.
Researchers successfully recreated lung cancer patient's internal environment using hydrogel and 3D bioprinting, preserving specific lung cancer subtype and genetic mutation characteristics. The study enables precise drug evaluation and personalized treatment options for lung cancer patients with underlying diseases.
A growing number of studies highlights the power of dogs in detecting COVID-19 and its variants, even when obscured by other viruses. Trained scent dogs are as effective and often more effective than antigen tests and RT-PCR tests, detecting the virus faster and without environmental impact.
Researchers used cryoelectron microscopy to visualize how ribosome-modifying enzymes squeeze RNA nucleotides and alter them, leading to drug resistance. The discovery may lead to the design of new antibiotic therapies targeting these enzymes.
Researchers have found a promising new mechanism to target aggressive forms of prostate cancer, where the LSD1 protein is involved. By inhibiting LSD1, the tumor suppressor gene p53 can be reactivated, leading to suppression of tumor growth.
A new UC Berkeley study explores how public psychiatric healthcare workers in metro Johannesburg coped during the COVID-19 pandemic, revealing seven major coping mechanisms that preserved well-being and improved patient outcomes.
A Swansea University study explores the rationale behind the UK's COVID-19 shielding policy for clinically vulnerable individuals, finding it was an untested strategy based on risk mitigation rather than evidence-based intervention. The research reveals challenges in implementing the policy and its impact on organizations and populations.
The Institute for Immigration Research (IIR) at George Mason University has received funding for a conference focused on refugee resettlement and STEM education. The event will bring together educational and employment stakeholders to discuss strategies for addressing humanitarian needs and expanding the nation's STEM workforce.
A three-year study investigates how showerhead features affect concentrations of DWPIs in shower water and aerosols. The research aims to provide insights for consumers to select healthier showerheads and minimize exposure risks.
A new study demonstrates the value of citizen science in monitoring a natural enemy that fights invasive Siam weed. Citizen scientists on iNaturalist.org shared observations of the moth Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata, confirming its establishment in several countries, including Thailand, Vietnam, China, Cambodia, and West Malaysia.
A commentary suggests that governments should consider publicly funding minimally invasive procedures, such as hair removal and facial injectables, to support transgender and gender diverse individuals. These procedures are already recommended by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health Standards of Care Version 8.
Researchers found that bacteria with electrically conductive protein threads can corrode iron anaerobically, producing magnetite that facilitates further corrosion. The discovery has significant implications for corrosion protection and suggests taking material properties into consideration.
A new study suggests that applying crushed volcanic rocks to agricultural fields can draw down 217 gigatons of carbon dioxide, meeting the lower end of the IPCC's 2100 target. The method, called enhanced rock weathering, is more efficient in hot and wet tropical regions and works well in warmer temperatures.
New research found that plant water use efficiency has stalled since 2001 due to climate change, contradicting earlier hopes it would help improve water consumption. The study's findings suggest that rising temperatures and atmospheric CO2 may be undermining nature-based methods to achieve carbon neutrality.
Researchers developed a nanoscale material technique called inverse thermal degradation (ITD) to control high-temperature flames and tune material properties. By regulating oxygen access, ITD allows for smoldering rather than bursting into flames, producing carbon tubes with desired characteristics.
Researchers have identified key genes involved in producing large amounts of immunoglobulin G, a crucial antibody in the human body. The discovery could lead to advancements in manufacturing antibody-based therapies for diseases such as cancer and arthritis.
Researchers examine translational studies on peripheral surrogates of tumor burden, including circulating tumor DNA, miRNA, and HPV-specific antibodies, to inform chemotherapy and immunotherapy strategies. These biomarkers show promise as prognostic and predictive markers of response to treatment.
Researchers studied over 800 clinical assays on renal tumors with MiTF family genes TFE3 and TFEB. The findings show significant age differences between patients with TFEB amplification and those with TFE3 or TFEB translocation, with TFEB amplification being associated with poorer prognosis.
Researchers found significant increases in body mass index among US youth during the COVID-19 pandemic, with effects most pronounced in low-income youth. The study highlights how preexisting social inequalities were exacerbated by the pandemic, leading to greater weight gain among vulnerable populations.
Research found integrated behavioral health care improves children's mental health and school performance, supporting the potential benefits of pediatric integrated behavioral health care. The study, which included 51 children served by FQHCs in Massachusetts, showed significant improvements over 12 months.
Researchers developed a 'diversity factor' metric to capture paper's impact on health outcomes for all patients, particularly those in low- or middle-income countries. Most medical papers fail to meet this metric due to lack of diversity among authors and patient populations.
Scientists have discovered that SARS-CoV-2 can infect cells using multiple entry points beyond ACE2, explaining its ability to jump between species. This finding highlights the need for continued monitoring of coronaviruses and their potential to cause future pandemics.