Researchers have identified a key protein in SARS-CoV-2 that, when targeted, elicits a robust immune response. A live-attenuated vaccine based on this protein shows promise in preventing disease and offering long-lasting immunity. The approach could target areas of the genome less likely to change with variants.
Two studies demonstrate that artificial intelligence in colonoscopy can increase adenoma detection rates and reduce miss rates, but also lead to increased removal of non-neoplastic polyps. The findings suggest the need for additional research on more defined detection parameters before AI can be integrated into routine clinical care.
The study provides a condensed overview of recent advances and challenges in atmospheric and pressurized PVSRs, highlighting potential for improving performance through geometrical parameter optimization and spectrally selective absorption. Standardized evaluation methods remain essential to unlock the full potential of PVSRs.
A study found that veterinary students' attitudes towards dog breeds' pain sensitivity and trustworthiness change as they progress through their coursework, becoming more in line with those of practicing clinicians. The study suggests that cultural transmission, not just data transmission, plays a role in shaping these attitudes.
A team of researchers at the University of Johannesburg has made a groundbreaking discovery about how tomato plants defend themselves against the devastating ToCSV virus. By studying the molecular genetics of infected tomato varieties, they found that viral DNA methylation plays a crucial role in resistance to ToCSV.
Researchers aim to develop mass-produced superconductors operating at easily maintained temperatures for energy, transportation, and communication technologies. They will use advanced modeling methods and computational tools to identify suitable candidate materials and examine their properties.
A study from the University of Notre Dame found that recalling dreams and finding meaning in them can elicit feelings of awe, making subsequent work stressors seem less daunting. The researchers suggest promoting the 'awe experience' at work to increase productivity.
Researchers found novel autoantibodies implicated in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, fetal growth restriction, and recurrent pregnancy loss. These autoantibodies are also associated with infertility and endometriosis-associated infertility.
Research finds that a nighttime ambient temperature range of 68-77°F enhances restful sleep for older adults. The study also highlights substantial individual differences in optimal temperatures and the potential impact of climate change on sleep quality.
The medical community should build systems responsive to the LGBTQI+ population, providing safe spaces for refugees and asylum-seekers. Clinicians need to know how to probe and document experiences of childhood trauma and abuse to provide effective support.
Researchers from Radboud University have successfully decoded brain signals into intelligible speech using a combination of implants and advanced artificial intelligence models. The technology has been tested with an accuracy of 92-100%, showing promise for individuals with locked-in states who are paralyzed and unable to communicate.
Researchers found significant reductions in microbiome diversity among people with severe symptoms soon after infection. The oral microbiomes of people with shorter cases changed in consistent ways during infection, while those with long cases changed in many different ways.
Traditional knowledge-based management systems can enhance biodiversity, but their recognition is crucial for conservation. Resolving social injustices towards traditional knowledge holders benefits both people and nature.
A National Institutes of Health-supported study suggests that adults with obesity may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) when in intensive care for respiratory failure. The study found lower mortality rates among patients with obesity who received ECMO compared to those without, contradicting previous concerns.
Researchers developed a set of guiding principles to help airports respond to homelessness, focusing on safety for all groups. The principles emphasize do no harm through crisis management training and balanced responses that produce co-benefits, such as improved customer experience.
Scientists have identified specific long noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression and life cycle progression of the deadly Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite. The discovery could lead to new therapeutic strategies against malaria.
A new study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found significant disparities in healthcare access and use among Indigenous female populations living 'off reserve' in Canada. The research highlights higher morbidity rates and longer wait times for appointments, particularly in rural areas.
A new prison parenting program in Australia, led by Belinda Lovell, has been developed to ease the strain of separation and maintain mother-child bonds. The program involves direct input from Aboriginal women and includes positive parenting skills to encourage successful parenting after release.
Scientists successfully synthesized long-chain mobile polymers on metallic surfaces using N-heterocyclic ballbot-type carbenes. This breakthrough enables self-assembly into ordered domains and cooperative behavior, holding promise for new applications in nanoelectronics and surface functionalization.
A case series reveals that young brain donors with a history of repetitive head impacts exhibit severe symptoms, which may be caused by multiple factors. Further research is needed to clarify the association between exposure to head impacts and clinical symptoms in young athletes.
Researchers developed a new method to characterize embedded twisted interfaces in 2D materials, revealing atomic reconstruction and its impact on surface conductivity. The method uses conductive atomic force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to understand the interplay between internal layers and interfaces.
Researchers discovered that a rare disease called cystinosis shares the same cellular mechanism as cystic fibrosis, involving the lysosome's recycling center. The study found that a specific protein degradation pathway was responsible for the disease's effects, and a small chemical chaperone could help stabilize the protein.
Researchers at UC Irvine issue a warning that GLP-1RA's may be dangerous for children due to the risk of nutrient imbalance and abuse. The team notes that children need energy and sufficient calories for growth and development, and any change in their diet and exercise balance can have long-term health consequences.
Researchers are developing a community-based digital health intervention to increase vaccination uptake among children in rural and underserved areas. The project aims to empower community health workers to deliver education on vaccinations, overcoming the digital divide and addressing challenges faced by limited health workforce.
Researchers detected a marvellous, composite eclipsing absorber responsible for a highly distinct X-ray eclipse event in NGC 6814. The team found the absorber to be clumpy and multi-phase, with small clouds ablated from the main cloud cluster.
Researchers at Stevens Institute of Technology have developed more accurate nowcasting algorithms to predict short-term weather forecasts. The study found that probabilistic models are highly accurate in predicting both long- and short-term rainfall events, while deterministic models are better suited for extremely short-term projections.
Researchers found that white-tailed deer are virus reservoirs, promoting ongoing mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. At least 30 infections were introduced by humans, and an estimated 23.5% of deer had been infected at one time or another.
Researchers found that optimized statin therapy can significantly reduce mortality and cardiovascular events in US military veterans with coronary artery disease. Widespread use of ezetimibe alongside statins may lead to additional reductions in cardiovascular risk.
Scientists have discovered that small fat-filled lipid droplets can indent and puncture a cell's nucleus, leading to elevated DNA damage. This finding has significant implications for various diseases, including cancer.
Researchers found that over 80% of honey bees sampled were positive for antimicrobial resistance targets, highlighting the need to monitor pollutants and implement clean-ups. The study also suggests that local waterbodies are a critical source of contamination, particularly in densely populated areas.
A new study at BESSY II analyzed the formation of skyrmions in ferrimagnetic thin films of dysprosium and cobalt. The researchers directly observed Néel-type skyrmions using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy, revealing their domain wall type for the first time.
Scientists developed a new method for detecting mid-infrared (MIR) light at room temperature using quantum systems. The MIR Vibrationally-Assisted Luminescence (MIRVAL) approach converts low-energy MIR photons into high-energy visible photons, enabling single-molecule spectroscopy and detection.
A new study from the University of Copenhagen reveals that GDF15 improves insulin sensitivity in rodents, particularly in their liver and fatty tissue. This finding raises interesting perspectives for treating type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure, as increased insulin sensitivity is a critical indicator of health.
Researchers discovered an endolysin gene from Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus that confers dual resistance to Huanglongbing and citrus canker. The study found that the gene, LasLYS2, not only provides protection against HLB but also clears infected plants of the causal agent.
Muvalaplin, an oral small molecule inhibitor, significantly lowered lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) levels in a first-in-human phase 1 study. The treatment showed promise in reducing Lp[a] levels by up to 65% without tolerability concerns.
Researchers found that the incidence of gut-colonizing ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli increased in Seattle-area women over age 50, affecting about 1 in 5 women. The study suggests prioritizing strategies to control drug-resistant E. coli's ability to colonize the gut.
The estimated cost of cardiovascular disease in the EU in 2021 was €282 billion, accounting for 2% of Europe's GDP. The majority of this cost was attributed to health and social care systems, with hospital care being the main contributor.
A new oral drug Muvalaplin successfully lowered Lipoprotein(a) levels by up to 65%, offering a game-changing treatment for the elusive form of cholesterol. The breakthrough comes after a decade-long search for a targeted solution, with potential applications in vascular and valve disease.
Researchers from UTIA develop VR experiences to improve agriscience education, providing immersive digital learning environments for students. The project aims to increase agricultural literacy and student interest in careers through VR technology.
CyDENT base editors allow efficient and precise modification of genetic information in living organisms. The system enables strand-specific base editing in nuclear and organellar genomes, with high strand specificity demonstrated in mitochondrial genome editing.
The CDI published a study tracking nasal swabs of thousands of patients in New Jersey, providing new insights into the pandemic's peak. The results highlight the importance of vaccination, reinforcing the positive impact of COVID-19 vaccination and public health benefits of genotypic surveillance.
A team of researchers from the Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science revealed a multifaceted regulatory mechanism for the LhWRKY44-mediated enhancement by the environmental signal pathway of anthocyanin accumulation in Asiatic hybrid lilies. LhWRKY44 physically interacts with other proteins to reg...
Researchers study impact, risks of internet-connected dairy technology on farmers and consumers, highlighting potential data breaches and unwanted online access. The two-year study aims to enhance awareness of data privacy and security concerns in PDM systems and assess their threat level.
Researchers have discovered how plants pass along chemical markers that instruct cells on using DNA codes, a process known as epigenetic inheritance. The study reveals the role of protein DDM1 in making way for enzymes that add regulatory marks to new DNA strands, preserving genetic controls across generations.
The COP-AF trial tested colchicine's effect on perioperative atrial fibrillation and myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery. The study found no significant reduction in these complications, but showed encouraging signs of benefit for cardiovascular outcomes.
A new study by University of Rhode Island Professor Jaime Ross found microplastics infiltrate all systems of the body, causing behavioral changes and potentially leading to serious health consequences, including Alzheimer's disease. The researchers discovered microplastics accumulate in every organ, including the brain, and alter immun...
The HEART-FID trial found that ferric carboxymaltose did not improve a composite outcome of death, heart failure hospitalizations, and exercise function in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and iron deficiency. The study met its primary endpoint for safety but fell short of demonstrating efficacy.
The US Army Medical Materiel Development Activity has developed a shelf-stable treatment for snakebite envenoming that is safe, easy to use, and independent of snake species. Clinical trials are ongoing in the US and India, with pre-clinical studies suggesting its potential use worldwide.
Researchers investigated the quality of CPR directions provided by AI voice assistants and found they lacked relevance and consistency. The study recommends relying on emergency services for life-saving care instead of self-directed guidance from AI tools.
A large cohort study found that post-9/11 veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI) experienced a more than 10-fold increase in suicide rates compared to the US adult population, highlighting a significant public health concern. The study also revealed that TBI exacerbates the risk of suicidal behavior among this vulnerable population.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 clinical trials involving 2.1 million individuals found no significant lifetime gain from common cancer screening tests. However, colorectal cancer screening with sigmoidoscopy may have a potential benefit, according to the study.
Cancer patients face reduced co-determination and insufficient information about treatment, while doctors feel pressured to give harmful treatments. Patients struggle to understand options and communicate with healthcare professionals.
A new study published in JAMA Neurology found that over 40% of young contact and collision sport athletes have CTE, a degenerative brain disease caused by repetitive head impacts. The study also highlighted the importance of assessing symptoms and clinical presentation of CTE in living athletes.
The study presents a telomere-to-telomere haplotype-resolved reference genome of 'Baxijiao' triploid Cavendish banana. The genome consists of three haploid assemblies with varying sizes and repetitive regions, including expansions of gene families related to fruit quality, aroma, and anther/pollen development. Additionally, the genome ...
A new study reveals that the decline of Arctic sea ice is altering zooplankton behavior, leading to more frequent food shortages and potential negative effects on larger species. The changing light conditions are affecting the daily vertical migration of zooplankton in the Arctic.
A team of researchers from Göttingen University has identified seven new species of leaf insects, showcasing their unique camouflage abilities. The discovery highlights the importance of protecting these distinct species from extinction.
Researchers evaluated biochemical recurrence as a surrogate endpoint for overall survival, but found no reliable correlation. Biochemical recurrences occur early in the disease course and may impact quality of life, but high-level data tracking this is lacking.
A recent study has found that high school science courses in Australia fail to mention the contributions of women in STEM, instead focusing on a male-centric narrative. This omission has significant implications for inspiring future generations of female scientists and engineers.
This review explores the significance of HIF signaling pathway in panvascular diseases related to vascular smooth muscle cells. It highlights the importance of balancing global and local, temporal and spatial aspects of HIFs in treating these diseases.
Ants that leave the nest to forage are more likely to be infected by parasites than their nestmates who take care of the brood. Infections alter gene expression patterns and change the chemical composition of ants' cuticles, reducing desiccation resistance and communication.