Researchers from Osaka University developed an economical catalyst for a common chemical transformation, replacing rare metals with cheaper substitutes like nickel. The novel catalyst showed high activity, reusability, and high yields.
Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center found that amnesia following head injury is due to inadequate reactivation of neurons involved in forming memories. They were able to reverse the amnesia in mice using lasers, potentially allowing cognitive impairment caused by head impact to be clinically reversed.
A new UK research hub aims to bridge the gap between science and policy to achieve Net Zero. The 'Land Use for Net Zero' Hub will provide evidence on land use and agriculture, helping to drive transformations needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Researchers found that evergreen trees with smaller leaves, particularly those with awl-shaped leaves like Yew and Japanese cedar, were most effective at catching particles of pollution. In contrast, the study showed that the size and shape of the leaf, rather than its roughness or hairiness, was key to removing pollutants.
Researchers discovered that PDS5A modifies DNA loops without affecting histone modifications, enabling the study of loop-mediated gene silencing. The loss of PDS5A disrupted genome organization, leading to aberrant gene activation and potentially driving diseases like cancer and developmental disorders.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have developed a molecular glue that sticks to the cancer-related protein casein kinase 1 alpha (CK1α), leading to its destruction. The compound, SJ3149, displays broad anti-cancer activity and may have clinical utility as an alternative to conventional small molecule inhibitors.
A systematic review of 42 studies found a positive association between 100% fruit juice intake and weight gain in children. Adults who consumed more fruit juice showed significant weight gain in unadjusted analyses.
Rice chemists find a way to remove impurities from boron nitride nanotubes using phosphoric acid and fine-tuning the reaction. The new method produces high-purity tubes that are stronger than steel by weight, making them suitable for various industries, including aerospace and biomedical imaging.
A team of South Korean scientists used machine learning to discover the secrets of cell variability, revealing a parallel structure that reduces heterogeneity among cells. This finding has far-reaching effects on cancer treatment and improvement in chemotherapy efficacy.
Researchers developed a disease model using induced pluripotent stem cells from children with ABCA3 mutations, revealing key differences between diseased and healthy cells. The study opens doors for therapeutic discovery and highlights the utility of pluripotent stem cells for disease modeling.
Scientists have identified likely 'cells-of-origin' that can grow into breast cancer in women carrying a faulty BRCA2 gene, who are at high risk of developing the disease. The study also showed these cells have potential to be targeted with an existing cancer drug to delay tumour growth.
A University of Queensland team has developed a spider venom molecule, Hi1a, that protects cells from heart attack and stroke damage. The drug candidate has passed critical benchmarks in preclinical tests, which indicate it could be an effective therapeutic with reduced side effects.
A nationwide study found that men with enlarged breast tissue (gynaecomastia) are at a 37% higher risk of early death. Those with pre-existing risk factors, such as cancer or circulatory diseases, are most vulnerable. The condition is often linked to hormone imbalances and weight gain.
Researchers developed dual-metal sulfide materials to enhance the performance of flexible lithium-ion capacitors, showing improved electrochemical stability and high specific capacity. The material's three-dimensional matrix also reduces volume expansion, maintaining consistency in cycling and stability.
A longitudinal study with 3,303 adolescents reveals four trajectories of defense behavior, with most adolescents (84%) defending victims over time. The study highlights the importance of a cohesive group context and leadership in promoting defense behavior.
New research suggests people can experience emotional and social difficulties, as well as changes in their thinking patterns, when stopping antidepressants like Prozac. This is especially true for sudden stops or inadequate supervision by a doctor.
WheatNet achieves superior performance in detecting wheat spikes with an average precision of 89.7% across filling and maturity stages, outperforming traditional methods. The method integrates a Transform Network to minimize color feature discrepancies and demonstrates excellent counting accuracy.
Researchers at TU Wien have developed a 'quantum ping-pong' where two atoms bounce a single photon back and forth. The team used a Maxwell fish-eye lens to achieve pinpoint accuracy, allowing the photons to be transferred from one atom to another with high efficiency.
A new study led by Dr. Richard Naud of the University of Ottawa's Faculty of Medicine tackles the mystery of neuronal response variability, controlling output with dendrites' inputs to the core and little antennas
Researchers found that the IAA-miR164a-NAC100L1 module induces callose deposition to mediate graft incompatible cucumber/pumpkin seedlings. The module regulates callose synthase activity and interacts with NAC100L1 to enhance symbiotic incompatibility.
Researchers use water as a nonlinear medium to create a supercontinuum white laser covering an impressive spectral range from UV to far infrared. The resulting ultrabroadband source has potential in ultrafast spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, and scientific research.
A study analyzed mobile device tracking data from 25 Wi-Fi access points to characterize changes in behavior at five wet markets in Hanoi. The researchers found a significant decrease in visits and market engagement during the initial COVID-19 crisis phase, with peak shopping times shifting due to behavioral changes.
A new study published in BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders found that chiropractic spinal manipulation significantly reduces the likelihood of undergoing additional lumbar surgery. Adults who received CSM for sciatica experienced a substantial 45% reduction in lumbar spine reoperation compared to those receiving usual medical care.
A study by ETH Zurich identified a physical mechanism causing the Brumadinho dam collapse. The researchers found that creep deformation in fine-grained tailings led to the dam's failure, highlighting the need for new monitoring systems and risk analysis tools.
Researchers found that dogs react negatively to deterioration in reward quality in some tasks but not others. In tests with cooked liver and dry food, dogs were slower and more reluctant to work when the liver was replaced with kibble.
Researchers introduce a cycle-consistency-based uncertainty quantification technique to enhance the reliability of deep neural networks in solving inverse imaging problems. The method uses forward-backward cycles to estimate network uncertainty, demonstrating improved accuracy in detecting image corruption and out-of-distribution images.
Scientists created a new type of polyimide film that exhibits high photocurrent response and efficient charge separation. The study found that the conjugate size of aromatic unit has a significant impact on PEC performance.
The new USGS National Seismic Hazard Model shows nearly 75% of the US is at risk for damaging earthquakes, with a color-coded map highlighting areas most prone to shaking. The model identifies over 500 additional faults that could produce damaging quakes, updating the landscape of earthquake research.
A multisite clinical trial will evaluate repurposed FDA-approved drugs as treatment options for patients with Rett syndrome, a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder affecting brain development. The study aims to find new therapies to improve the lives of individuals with Rett syndrome, potentially providing multiple treatment options.
Researchers are studying the impact of telemedicine on palliative care in ICUs, aiming to improve patient outcomes and reduce ICU stays. The EPIC project is a five-year study funded by €6.3 million from the European Commission.
A new study provides a comprehensive assessment of OpenET accuracy for various crops and natural land cover types, with high accuracy found for agricultural settings. OpenET data has an average error rate of approximately 10-20% for annual crops, making it useful for water management in arid regions like California and the Southwest.
A large retrospective study found that vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 reduces the risk of persistent health problems in children after COVID-19. Vaccination provides stronger protection for adolescents, who are at higher risk of developing long COVID.
Researchers identify surface signature that is unique to higher-order topological insulators, allowing for experimental confirmation of their existence. By analyzing spin-dependent surface behaviors, they found a transparent layer separating the material's interior from its surface.
Researchers have discovered that CD4 and LAG-3 are conserved throughout jawed vertebrate species, including sharks. The study reveals that the cytoplasmic tail motifs of these proteins have opposing immune functions, with CxC/H promoting activation and ITIM-like motif inhibiting cell activity.
Researchers at Washington State University discovered that cannabis activates a set of cells in the hypothalamus, promoting appetite in mice. The study used calcium imaging technology to determine how brain cells responded to vaporized cannabis sativa.
A new study demonstrates a simple, pre-programmed order in electronic medical records can increase palliative care consultation rates and reduce hospital stay length for patients with COPD, dementia, or kidney failure. This scalable strategy improves quality of life and symptom management for critically ill patients.
Researchers studied the effects of resveratrol on circadian clock gene expression in young and older human adipose-derived progenitor cells. They found increased levels of some components in older-APCs compared to young-APCs, but also observed gained rhythmicity of some components after resveratrol treatment.
A unique framework measures individual perceptions of common sense and collective beliefs across groups, finding that larger groups have fewer common beliefs. Demographic factors like age or education do not influence common sense, but social perceptiveness does correlate with higher levels.
Scientists have developed a new biocompatible material that can conduct electricity efficiently in wet environments and interact with biological media. The modified PEDOT:PSS enables the creation of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) with high performance and excellent characteristics.
Researchers analyzed electronic health records and contact tracing data to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention measures implemented during the pandemic. Universal masking was found to be a crucial factor in preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmissions in healthcare settings, with airborne negative pressure rooms and N95 respirator masks no...
A study published on Nature Food highlights the potential of using by-products in animal diets to save land and water resources. The research suggests that substituting energy-intensive crops with agricultural by-products could reduce competition for natural resources and improve food security.
A new MRI technique has shown that patients with severe depression can experience substantial improvements in symptoms and quality of life for at least six months. The technique uses functional MRI to guide the delivery of magnetic stimulation to specific areas of the brain, reducing variability and increasing effectiveness.
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine found that the immune system's response to Staphylococcus aureus bacteria can be tricked into producing non-protective antibodies, making vaccines ineffective. The study suggests targeting subdominant antigens for future vaccine development.
Researchers establish a 400-million-year evolutionary history of euglenoids by comparing microfossil cysts from various time periods to living protists. The study resolves long-standing taxonomic confusion among fossilized remains, revealing a previously unknown ultrastructure.
Sezáry syndrome patients face a vicious circle where cancer and treatment weaken the immune system, allowing bacteria like S. aureus to thrive. Eliminating these bacteria may make cancer cells more susceptible to anti-cancer drugs.
Research found that female silkmoth long sensilla recognize silkworm feces as a deterrent, helping females avoid mulberry trees with high silkworm populations. In contrast, male silkmoths have specialized antennae to detect female sex pheromones, but no clear male counterpart has been identified.
A new peer-reviewed study suggests that cannabis is having no significant effect on people's use of opioids, taken outside of medical guidance. The findings have substantial implications for U.S. treatment programs, which still require patients to abstain from cannabis before qualifying for potentially life-saving treatment.
A recent study published in Genome Medicine has identified 103 genes that cause inherited diseases when mutated can also increase cancer risk. The research found that individuals with these genes are more likely to develop cancer than those without them.
Aston University has established the Aston Institute for Membrane Excellence (AIME) with a £10m grant from Research England. The institute aims to develop novel biomimetic membranes through interdisciplinary collaboration between biology, physics, and chemistry.
Researchers developed a modified RuO2 catalyst with bismuth doping to enhance the anode oxygen evolution reaction's activity and stability. The Bi-doped RuO2 catalyst shows improved electron transfer and electroconductibility, leading to lower activation energy and higher performance.
A recent study found that high-intensity impacts during everyday physical activity can help preserve bone density and structural properties in older adults. Moderate and high-impact activities, such as brisk walking or stair climbing, were associated with better preservation of bone mineral density compared to lower-intensity activities.
Researchers from Aarhus University discovered a newly found receptor called CD163 that appears to protect against Parkinson's disease in females. The protein is involved in the immune response and seems to exert a neuroprotective role particularly relevant in females.
A new UAV-based model accurately quantifies the cumulative shading capacity in maize-soybean intercropping systems, revealing the effects of canopy height difference, latitude, and planting direction on shading. The study optimizes intercropping patterns to enhance crop growth and light competition.
Researchers are exploring 'priming, shaping, and polishing' techniques to develop an HIV vaccine targeting rare immune cells that produce broad-neutralizing antibodies. The Amsterdam UMC-led project aims to create an effective vaccine for low- and middle-income countries with a €4.5m grant.
A new data collection system has been developed to support diverse applications in the railway industry, including carbon emissions accounting and green cost-benefit analysis. The system enables efficient data collection and integrated management, leveraging metadata and data exchange schemas.
The study reveals significant differences in the nucleolus organizing region (NOR) of the two species, which has major implications for blight-resistance in American chestnut restoration. Researchers used fluorescent in situ hybridization to analyze the NOR region and found unique DNA arrangements.
New study reveals that kelp forests off the Pacific Coast were thriving 32 million years ago, with fossilized holdfasts showing evidence of ancient marine mammals and invertebrates. The discovery sheds light on the evolution of kelp ecosystems and highlights the importance of fossil hunting by amateur collectors.
Research found that long-term operation of constructed wetlands can lead to reduced pollutant removal efficiency due to plant decay and microbial activity. The study also highlights the poor ability of constructed wetlands to remove organic pollutants, which can become a source of pollution if not properly managed.
Research reveals that aquifer depletion can curb crop yields even when it appears saturated enough to continue meeting irrigation demands. As groundwater dwindles, agricultural losses escalate, especially for corn and soybean yields.
Researchers introduce trehalose into hydrogels to form hydrogen bond interactions, improving dehydration resistance, lubrication performance, mechanical properties, and manufacturing accuracy. This discovery proposes a new design principle for high-precision manufacturing of hydrogel materials.