Information sharing and cooperation
In a study, participants in groups that could share information contributed more than those who couldn't. Sharing info about low contributors increased future contributions among exposed players.
Science News for December 19, 2023
Fresh Research for Fresh Air: Harnessing microbes for removing indoor pollutants
Researchers in Chile developed a prototype using microorganisms to remove VOCs and PAHs from indoor air, achieving efficiencies above 90%. The system can operate for 8 months without losing efficiency. This breakthrough offers a potentially low-cost solution to improve indoor air quality.
SourceSociety of Chemical Industry·JournalJournal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology·DateDec 19, 2023
A PEM fuel cell inspired by the structure of a lung
Researchers at the University of Seville have developed a bioinspired PEM fuel cell design that improves the distribution of liquid water inside these batteries. This approach has the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency and durability of PEM fuel cells, leading to more efficient and sustainable energy systems.
Pandas active posters on social media
A new study reveals that pandas are more socially active than previously thought, using scent-marking trees to exchange information about their lives. In non-mating seasons, they primarily hang with family members, but branch out during mating seasons.
Engineered human heart tissue shows Stanford Medicine researchers the mechanics of tachycardia
Researchers have developed a stem cell-derived model of heart tissue that provides insight into tachycardia, a condition where the heart beats out of control. The engineered tissues were used to study how fast heart rates affect the heart and uncover the inner workings of the body's engine.
SourceStanford Medicine·JournalNature Biomedical Engineering·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 19, 2023
A neuromuscular model for drug development
Scientists have created a self-organizing neuromuscular junction model from human pluripotent stem cells to study complex neuromuscular diseases. The 2D and 3D cultures mimic the physiological situation, allowing researchers to perform high-throughput drug screening for novel treatments.
SourceMax Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association·JournalNature Communications·DateDec 19, 2023
American University receives $5.7 million from NSF to bridge research and policy, address real-world challenges
The grant will enable AU's Office of Research to build institutional capacity for translational research and train graduate students in this field. American University aims to leverage basic research into data-driven decision-making, promoting a culture of research translation on its campus and beyond.
Can we decode the language of our primate cousins?
Researchers discovered that humans can differentiate between primate vocalizations based on acoustic similarity to human speech. The study suggests that the human brain processes primate calls more efficiently when they are closer in frequency to human language, not just phylogenetically close.
Research finds animated short videos are effective in sharing environmental health information
Research finds that animated short videos are an effective means for disseminating environmental health information to health professionals. The studies showed significant increases in participant knowledge and perceived comfort in identifying at-risk patients impacted by air pollution.
SourceUniversity of Minnesota Medical School·JournalBMC Medical Education·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 19, 2023
Researchers revealed the benefits and risks of continuing oral anticoagulation therapy after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation according to the thromboembolic risk
A nationwide cohort study in Japan found that continuing oral anticoagulation therapy after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation increases the risk of major bleeding but decreases the risk of thromboembolic events. Discontinuing oral anticoagulants in patients with a lower CHADS 2 score may be beneficial.
Assisted reproductive technologies not associated with body mass index in children, except when using frozen embryos – according to new Danish study
A new study published in PLOS Medicine found no association between assisted reproductive technologies and body mass index in children, except when using frozen embryos. The study analyzed data from Denmark and other countries, providing insights into the health outcomes of children born through assisted reproductive technologies.
Snowflakes swirling in turbulent air as they fall through a laser light sheet. Credit: Singh et al.
A team from the University of Utah found that snowflakes' accelerations follow an exponential distribution with a consistent exponent, regardless of turbulence or type. This discovery has significant implications for storm forecasting and understanding climate change.
Study uncovers major hidden human-driven bird extinctions
A new study reveals that humans have driven the extinction of 1,430 bird species, with many becoming extinct before written records. The research suggests that major human-driven extinctions occurred in the 14th century and ninth century BC, with ongoing threats including climate change and invasive species.
SourceUK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology·JournalNature Communications·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateDec 19, 2023
Genetic diversity of wild north American grapes mapped
A team of researchers has decoded the genetic diversity of nine species of wild North American grapes, revealing critical traits that could accelerate grape breeding efforts. The research identifies key genes responsible for important traits such as salt tolerance, drought resistance, and defense against Pierce's disease.
Groundbreaking discovery at Museums Victoria Research Institute rewrites our understanding of whale evolution
Researchers at Museums Victoria Research Institute uncover evidence that giant baleen whales evolved first in the Southern Hemisphere around 20 million years ago. This finding disrupts previous theories and highlights the importance of the Australian fossil record in shaping our understanding of whale evolution.
SourceMuseum Victoria·JournalProceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences·TypeCommentary/editorial·DateDec 19, 2023
A new map showing all above-ground biomass in the Brazilian Amazon
A new map showing all above-ground biomass in the Brazilian Amazon has been published, derived from a study combining airborne laser scanning, satellite imagery, and forest inventories. The results show an average of 174 metric tons of biomass per hectare and a maximum of 518 tons per hectare.
MSU research suggests pandas are active posters on ‘social media’
A new study suggests that giant pandas are active users of 'social media' in the form of scent-marking trees. The research team analyzed DNA from fresh panda poop to determine which bears were close to each other and used this information to explore their social network. The findings reveal that during non-mating seasons, pandas tend t...
Scientists in Germany develop a new analytical method, which enables improved insight into (mRNA) nanoparticles and similar pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical products
Scientists in Germany developed a new analytical method to precisely elucidate the size of particles, structure, and RNA molecules in pharmaceutical products. This information can help evaluate product quality, enabling improved development of new products.
SourceEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory·JournalScientific Reports·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 19, 2023
Innovative optical technique for simultaneously producing and shaping gigahertz burst pulses
A research team developed an innovative optical technique, 'spectrum shuttle,' to produce and shape GHz burst pulses. The method facilitates ultrafast imaging within subnanosecond timescales, enabling analysis of rapid phenomena.
SourceSPIE--International Society for Optics and Photonics·JournalAdvanced Photonics Nexus·DateDec 19, 2023
Genetic sequencing uncovers unexpected source of pathogens in floodwaters
Researchers found local rivers and streams to be the source of Salmonella enterica contamination after Hurricane Florence, contradicting assumptions about pig farms. The study has critical implications for disease control and prevention in coastal regions affected by tropical storms.
SourceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau·JournalGeoHealth·TypeCase study·DateDec 19, 2023
Researchers report detailed analysis of heart injury caused by yellow fever virus
A recent study published in EBioMedicine found that yellow fever virus causes myocardial fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and vascular endothelium alterations, leading to cardiac conduction system disruption. The research provides new insights into the pathogenesis of YF-associated heart injury.
How do financial incentives for CEOs affect business outcomes? Bonuses have minimal effect, stock options have none
A systematic review of 20 empirical studies found that CEO financial incentives have a small predictive effect on return on assets, but no effect on other performance metrics or financial restatements. The analysis suggests caution regarding current practices and recommends alternative arrangements to enhance firm performance.
Study: Colon cancer screenings are more effective than previously understood
Researchers found that colon cancer screenings reduce cancer rates by about 0.5 percent, doubling previous estimates of a quarter of a percentage point. This effect is twice the impact of just being invited to screen, suggesting that actual screening rather than just the offer makes a difference.
SourceMassachusetts Institute of Technology·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateDec 19, 2023
Chilean researchers pledge for transformative change to tackle climate action
Researchers Dr. Maisa Rojas and Marco Billi propose a new model of governance to address climate change in Chile, prioritizing social justice and ecological order. This approach aims to mitigate the effects of climate change on vulnerable groups and promote transformative change.
Antimicrobial resistance leads to more deaths and illnesses in the WHO African region than anywhere else
A new study reveals antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is responsible for a staggering 25% of mortality in the WHO African region, with lower respiratory infections emerging as primary causes. The four most prevalent pathogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae and others, are individually linked to over 100,000 deaths.
Promising new treatment for a common hereditary nerve disease
Researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University develop a genome-editing technique that decreases PMP22 protein levels in patient cells, potentially reversing CMT-related changes. The study aims to improve myelination abilities and reduce symptoms in patients with CMT type 1A.
Artificial intelligence unravels mysteries of polycrystalline materials
Researchers at Nagoya University used AI to analyze image data of polycrystalline silicon and discovered staircase-like structures that cause dislocations during crystal growth. The study sheds light on the formation of dislocations in polycrystalline materials, which can affect electrical conduction and overall performance.
Wits establishes Optica Emerging Leader in Optics Chair to advance quantum research
The new position will focus on quantum information processing, particularly communication and computation. Dr. Nape brings prestigious accolades, including the SAIP Silver Medal and recognition on the Top 200 Young South Africans list.
Ecuador's newest tarantulas: just discovered, two new species face imminent threats
Two new tarantula species have been discovered in Ecuador's wilderness, but they are already threatened due to habitat destruction and human activities. The implementation of protected areas is essential to conserve these endangered species and prevent further extinction.
Nearly 30% of caregivers for severe stroke survivors experience psychological distress
A new study published in Neurology found that nearly 30% of caregivers for severe stroke patients experience high levels of anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress during the first year after hospital discharge. Post-traumatic stress was particularly common among Mexican American caregivers.
SourceMichigan Medicine - University of Michigan·JournalNeurology·TypeObservational study·DateDec 19, 2023
New grant gives South Carolina life sciences companies a chance to accelerate
A $2 million three-year grant from the U.S. Department of Commerce will create a regional incubator for life sciences startups in South Carolina, providing them with expertise, resources, and networking opportunities.
Molecular jackhammers’ ‘good vibrations’ eradicate cancer cells
Researchers develop molecular jackhammers that use aminocyanine molecules to create plasmons, which rupture melanoma cell membranes with high efficiency. The method showed a 99% success rate against lab cultures of human melanoma cells and cured half of the mice with melanoma tumors.
3 potentially unique acoustic features of healing music that transcend genre identified
The study found three distinctive acoustic features - roughness, mean, and period entropy of mel-frequency cepstral coefficients - that are associated with healing music's emotional responses. These features were consistently present across various genres, suggesting a universal language of music.
Socialization for success: Two recent studies expand our understanding of how early social housing helps dairy calves thrive
Recent studies in JDS Communications have found that paired housing can build behavior skills, shape calf personalities, and set up animals for success in the herd. Early socialization has been shown to boost competitive skills, increase time drinking from a bottle, and make calves bolder towards novel objects and unfamiliar calves.
JMIR Medical Education accepted for MEDLINE indexing
JMIR Medical Education has been accepted for inclusion in MEDLINE, the US National Library of Medicine's premier bibliographic database, following a thorough review by the Literature Selection Technical Review Committee. This achievement validates the journal's commitment to exploring innovative and unusual ideas in medical education.
Disparities in preoperative goals of care documentation in veterans
A study of 13,000 patients reveals few completed preoperative life-sustaining treatment documentation, with gaps in rates based on patient characteristics. The disparity affects veterans from different racial, ethnic, and rural backgrounds, as well as those with access to high-volume facilities.
Pushing compressed sensing to real-time edge applications
A team at Peking University developed an analog in-memory computing module for one-step matrix-matrix-vector multiplication, solving compressed sensing recovery in real-time. The circuit outperforms digital approaches and has been demonstrated to recover various types of signals and images.
A malaria drug treatment could save babies’ lives
A malaria drug combination could counteract the negative effects of malnutrition on the female digestive tract, leading to improved birth outcomes. The research used a human organ chip model to demonstrate the potential benefits of this treatment.
SourceWyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard·JournalEBioMedicine·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 19, 2023
Antibody reduces allergic reactions to multiple foods in NIH trial
A monoclonal antibody treatment increased food-allergic children and adolescents' tolerance to common foods, reducing allergic reactions. Omalizumab, approved for other indications, is being reviewed for a new indication based on the trial's interim analysis.
Research spotlight: Structural analysis and inhibition of human LINE-1 ORF2 protein reveals novel adaptations and functions
A study in Nature uncovers new insights into the human LINE-1 ORF2 protein's structure and mechanisms, shedding light on its evolutionary history and innate immune activation. The research also identifies potential targets for therapies to prevent cancer, autoimmune disease, and neurodegeneration.
Filming the microscopic flow of hydrogen atoms in a metal
A team of researchers at Tohoku University has developed a novel visualization method to study the behavior of hydrogen atoms in alloys. They successfully filmed the flow of hydrogen atoms in pure nickel, revealing that they preferentially diffuse through grain boundaries with large geometric spaces.
Research offers a reason why diversity in plant species causes higher farming yield, solving 'a bit of a mystery'
A study published in Nature Communications found that planting diverse crops reduces the number of microorganisms in the soil that eat plants, leading to higher yields. This is because specialized pathogens are suppressed in diverse communities, allowing for greater use of biomass.
Schar school researchers to receive funding for nonprofit employment data project
Researchers will produce a comprehensive report on nonprofit employment in the US and collaborate with nonprofit leaders to improve federal database information. Funding from the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation will support the transfer of the Nonprofit Works interactive database application.
From interests to employment (or not): New study explores gender gaps in career paths
Researchers found that despite interest differences, gender gaps in career opportunities are substantial, particularly at lower education levels. The study suggests a need for gender diversity efforts to focus on professions that don't require a college degree.
Toxic chemicals found in oil spills and wildfire smoke detected in killer whales
A study found polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Southern Resident killer whales and Bigg's killer whales off the coast of B.C., with contaminants from oil spills and wildfire smoke. The presence of PAHs suggests recent exposures to toxic chemicals, emphasizing the need for improved pollution management.
UM School of Medicine review highlights rise in psychiatric disorders linked to increased cannabis use
A new University of Maryland School of Medicine review article published in the New England Journal of Medicine finds nearly 16 million Americans have cannabis use disorder, with young adults disproportionately affected. The review emphasizes the need for doctors to screen and treat patients experiencing symptoms of cannabis use disorder.
SourceUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·TypeLiterature review·DateDec 19, 2023
A bacterial toolkit for colonizing plants
Scientists have identified a core set of genes required by commensal bacteria to colonize plant hosts, enabling more efficient colonization and potential benefits for plant health. The discovery may lead to the development of beneficial bacteria for sustainable agriculture and medical applications.
SourceMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research·JournalNature Communications·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 19, 2023
Elucidating the mechanism of autophagosomes shaping with a flexible web
A research group reconstituted autophagosome formation in vitro, showing that Atg8 protein and enzymes play a central role in shaping the membrane structure. High-speed atomic force microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed flexible complexes on membranes, which work together to form autophagosomes.
SourceJapan Science and Technology Agency·JournalNature Structural & Molecular Biology·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 19, 2023
Genetics of host plants determine what microorganisms they attract
Researchers found that plant genetic variation affects the core microbiome, a collection of microbes playing a crucial role in organizing associated microbes and helping host growth. The study highlights the importance of recruiting nitrogen-fixing bacteria for more sustainable bioenergy crops.
SourceCarl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign·JournalMicrobiome·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 19, 2023
The science behind snowflakes
A team of researchers found that predicting snowflake movement is surprisingly simple, with patterns emerging based on a parameter called the Stokes number. This discovery has implications for weather forecasting and climate change, as it can affect precipitation patterns and cloud lifetimes.
Measuring the impact of AI in the diagnosis of hospitalized patients
A multicenter randomized clinical vignette survey study found that AI models, when systematically biased, reduced diagnostic accuracy. The study involved hospitalist physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants from 13 states.
HKU Mechanical Engineering Scientists hail breakthrough in cell and tissue mechanics, enhancing understanding of organ formation and embryogenesis
A research team led by Professor Yuan Lin has made a major breakthrough in showing how plastic strain develops in individual cells and propagates within the tissue. The study reveals the biophysical mechanisms behind cellular and tissue plasticity at different scales, providing critical insights for regenerative medicine.
SourceThe University of Hong Kong·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 19, 2023
Would you like to groom me?
Researchers found that one group of vervet monkeys exhibited more affiliative behavior and reciprocated grooming, suggesting a social tradition. This discovery challenges the idea that ecological differences explain behavioral variations and highlights the importance of social influence in shaping primate cultures.
Fish display distinct individual behaviours when swimming to find food
Research reveals that fish from the same species can evolve unique sense of smell and display individual foraging 'personalities' to successfully find food. The study highlights the importance of behavioral studies in understanding how sensory systems evolve and resulting fish behavior.
The results of research into a new oral treatment for COVID-19 has been published
A new oral treatment, E-52862, has been found to reduce the severity and duration of mild COVID-19 symptoms. The study involved 120 volunteers and showed that the drug can be administered on an outpatient basis.
SourceIMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)·JournalJournal of Infection·DateDec 19, 2023
Groundbreaking hip-focused physical therapy reduces low back pain
A groundbreaking clinical trial found that hip-focused physical therapy outperforms spine-focused therapy in reducing disability from low back pain in adults aged 60-85. The study's results suggest a tailored approach can lead to faster improvements in low back pain disability, walking speed, and chair-rise performance.
Microfluidic magnetic detection system revolutionizes tumor-derived exosome analysis
Researchers have developed a novel microfluidic magnetic detection system that enables rapid and highly sensitive detection of tumor-derived exosomes, potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. The system's serpentine design enhances TDE capture efficiency, while DNA probes augment specificity.
SourceAerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences·JournalMicrosystems & Nanoengineering·DateDec 19, 2023
Genomic analysis of seized pangolin scales illuminates pathways of illegal trade from Africa to Asia
A genomic analysis of seized pangolin scales reveals that they were sourced from West and Central Africa, highlighting the complex pathways of illegal trade. The study's findings can inform conservation efforts and support enforcement measures to protect endangered species.
War and fire on the eastern Silk Road
Researchers found that intense fires in the region were more likely caused by human activities like war than climate change. The study used sediment cores to analyze black carbon and soot deposits from Tianchi Lake, dating back 6,000 years.
Novel antibiotic substance from the human nose
Researchers at the University of Tübingen discovered a novel antibiotic substance called epifadin produced by specific strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Epifadin has an antimicrobial effect against various pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, and could be used as a lead structure for developing new antibiotics.
SourceCluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections” (CMFI)·JournalNature Microbiology·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 19, 2023
Novel approach emerging for rescuing limbs at risk
Scientists have identified a population of progenitor cells that strongly promote new blood vessel growth in ischemic limbs, showing promise as a treatment for preventing amputations. The discovery was made through single-cell transcriptomics and confirmed in mice with limb ischemia, where the treatment rescued limbs from amputation.
Chemistry and Crystals: Politecnico di Milano's hydrogel study on the cover of Chemistry
Researchers at Politecnico di Milano have designed a hydrogel with specific characteristics using supramolecular chemistry and crystallography. The study showed that the interactions between an amino acid and bioactive molecules can be identical in both solid and aqueous states.
Pennington Biomedical postdoctoral researcher Flori Corpodean selected for prestigious Resident Research Award
Flori Corpodean, a postdoctoral researcher at Pennington Biomedical, has been selected as the sole recipient of the 2024 Resident Research Award. She is exploring how the brain and intestinal tract communicate through her research on altered nutrient delivery.
Marzougui & Kan developing crashworthy tangent end treatment for low-speed & curbed roadways
George Mason University researchers Dhafer Marzougui and Cing-Dao Kan have received a $749,954 grant to develop a crashworthy tangent end treatment for low-speed and curbed roadways. The project aims to improve safety on these types of roadways, which are prone to accidents.
Linking genes and brain circuitry in anxiety disorders
Scientists at Kyoto University have discovered two gene clusters associated with anxiety disorders that have distinct spatial and temporal expression patterns and functional profiles within the human brain. These findings provide new insights into the underlying causes of ADs and may lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
SourceInstitute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University·JournalTranslational Psychiatry·TypeMeta-analysis·DateDec 19, 2023
Ancient Sahul's submerged landscapes reveal a mosaic of human habitation
Research on the ancient landscapes of Sahul reveals an extensive archipelago that existed during Marine Isotope Stage 4, potentially supporting populations ranging from 50,000 to 500,000 people. Sea level rise events led to the inundation of approximately 50% of the Northwest Shelf, triggering changes in human life spans and cultural d...
SourceGriffith University·JournalQuaternary Science Reviews·TypeObservational study·DateDec 19, 2023
Unlocking the secrets of grapevine immunity: Novel study reveals how Eutypa lata metabolites activate plant defense mechanisms
Researchers discovered that eutypine activates plant defense mechanisms, primarily due to its phenolic moiety, which triggers a rapid calcium influx and increases the expression of defense-related genes. The study also found that different chemical groups in these compounds play varying roles in plant defense mechanisms.
Breakthrough in the development of a drug for sleeping sickness
Researchers at Bar-Ilan University have developed a novel approach to combat sleeping sickness by damaging the trypanosome parasite's ribosome, which is essential for protein production. The findings suggest that deleting just one pseudouridine from the ribosome impairs its ability to produce proteins and inhibit growth.
A new inactive form of p38a protein discovered
A team of researchers has discovered a new inactive form of the p38a protein, which is regulated by the cellular redox state. This finding opens up new avenues for developing therapeutic compounds that modulate the activity of p38a more precisely.
SourceInstitute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)·JournalNature Communications·DateDec 19, 2023
Low economic growth can help keep climate change within the 1.5 °C threshold
A new study by ICTA-UAB shows that pursuing higher economic growth may jeopardise the Paris goals and leave no viable pathways for humanity to stabilise the climate. Slower growth rates make it more feasible to achieve the Paris goals, with lower economic growth reducing CO2 emissions by 10-13% by 2030.
SourceUniversitat Autonoma de Barcelona·JournalOne Earth·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateDec 19, 2023
Night sweats reveal the severity of sleep apnea
Researchers have discovered that analyzing changes in sweat metabolism can help diagnose the severity of sleep apnea. The study, published in the Journal of Sleep Research, found that sweat samples can provide valuable insights into energy production and oxidative stress associated with the disease.
Moderation surpasses excess
The study identifies FAM53C as a cytosolic-anchoring inhibitory binding protein of the kinase DYRK1A, regulating its activity and cellular location. This finding may provide potential clinical insights into treating Down syndrome and related diseases.
Beetroot juice supplement lowers blood pressure and improves exercise capacity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
A 12-week beetroot juice supplement reduced systolic blood pressure by 4.5mmHg and increased walking distance by 30 meters in COPD patients. The nitrate-rich supplement improved cardiovascular risk markers, suggesting potential benefits for everyday life and heart disease prevention.
SourceEuropean Respiratory Society·JournalEuropean Respiratory Journal·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateDec 19, 2023
A new weapon against the super tough C diff bacteria
A phase-one human clinical trial shows that Omadacycline causes a distinctly different effect on the gut microbiome than Vancomycin, making it a safe drug option for patients at high risk for C diff infection. The antibiotic achieves high concentrations in the gut quickly, reducing the risk of long-term colonization.
Nanoparticles with antibacterial action shorten duration of tuberculosis treatment
Nanoparticles loaded with antibiotics and antimicrobial compounds inhibit TB progression and overcome resistance without cell damage. The technology shows promise for a shorter treatment strategy against multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
SourceFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo·JournalCarbohydrate Polymers·DateDec 19, 2023
Study provides new insight into low social determinants of health screening rates
Researchers found that less than two percent of patients in Medicaid and commercially insured plans received Z-codes to document Social Determinants of Health. The study highlights the need for improved tracking and documentation of SDOH in healthcare settings, with recommendations for policy changes and provider education.
A blueprint for equitable, ethical AI research
The scientific community must create a flexible governance framework to ensure equity, prevent unintended consequences, and maximize positive impact. To achieve this, the authors suggest advancing AI infrastructure, democratizing access to research and outcomes.
Childhood trauma increases risk of chronic pain in adulthood, research to-date highlights
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that individuals exposed to childhood trauma are at an increased risk of experiencing chronic pain and pain-related disability in adulthood. The study highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions to address adverse childhood experiences.
SourceTaylor & Francis Group·JournalEuropean Journal of Psychotraumatology·TypeSystematic review·DateDec 19, 2023
Gentle x-ray imaging of small living specimens
Researchers at KIT have developed a method that uses radiation more efficiently to produce images of micrometer resolution, allowing for longer observation times of small living organisms. The method combines X-ray phase contrast with a Bragg magnifier and photon-counting detector.
HKUMed sets global precedent: Successfully cures terminal liver cancer through combined 'Reduce and Remove' strategy with living donor liver transplantation
Researchers at HKUMed successfully cured stage 4 liver cancer by reducing it to stage 1 using a combination of stereotactic body radiation and immunotherapy, followed by successful removal through living donor liver transplantation. An 85-year-old patient with two liver cancers was also treated and recovered well.
Clinicians could be fooled by biased AI, despite explanations
A study found that clinicians can be fooled by biased AI models even with provided explanations, leading to serious declines in accuracy. While accurate AI models improved diagnostic decisions for some demographics, biased models worsened decisions for others.
Uncovering the 150-year history of Japanese beer barley breeding
Researchers analyzed gene expression and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in two modern Japanese malting barley cultivars to uncover the 150-year history of Japanese beer barley breeding. They found unique features related to malting quality and BaYMV resistance, highlighting the importance of preserving genetic diversity.
Zhurong radar detects buried polygons beneath Utopia Planitia on Mars
A joint research team has reported the discovery of buried palaeo-polygonal terrain beneath Utopia Planitia on Mars using the Zhurong rover's radar. This finding suggests that ancient Mars experienced a cold polar region and significant climate changes.
SourceChinese Academy of Sciences Headquarters·JournalNature Astronomy·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 19, 2023
Immune system plays crucial step in creating blood stem cells
A microbial sensor, Nod1, plays a crucial role in the development of blood stem cells. The discovery could lead to the creation of patient-derived blood stem cells, eliminating the need for bone marrow transplants and improving lives of leukemia, lymphoma, and anemia patients. Researchers are continuing to study the complex interaction...
Machine learning boosts search for new materials
Deep learning models have been developed to analyze X-ray diffraction data, improving the search for new materials. The models can sift through large amounts of data generated by X-ray diffraction techniques, providing valuable insights into material structure and properties.
Mollusks from polar expeditions reveal new details about the ocean
Researchers have analyzed mollusk shells from polar expeditions to gain insights into the ocean's natural chemistry before significant nuclear testing in the 1960s. The findings suggest that the tests disrupted the balance of carbon-14 in the atmosphere, making it challenging to date fossil samples using traditional methods.
Potentially harmful ‘trip-killers’ to cut short ‘bad’ drug trips, emerging concern, warn doctors
The use of 'trip-killers' to shorten psychedelic drug trips is a growing concern among doctors, with benzodiazepines and antipsychotics being the most frequently recommended options. However, warnings about their potential side effects are rarely included, highlighting a need for greater awareness.
Screening for social determinants of health during primary care and emergency department encounters
Patients screened in emergency departments (ED) are more likely to screen positive for Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) needs compared to primary care patients. Primary care may be better optimized to address SDOH needs, with lower screening rates.
Mysterious fruit shown to be the oldest known fossils of the Frankincense and Myrrh family
Researchers have discovered the oldest known fossils of the Frankincense and Myrrh family in Indian chert, dating back to the Cretaceous period. The fossils were preserved in pyrenes, which are woody dispersal pods that protect seeds from digestion.
SourceFlorida Museum of Natural History·JournalInternational Journal of Plant Sciences·DateDec 19, 2023
HKUMed identifies moderately elevated fracture risk following certain sedative-hypnotics use
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 20 observational studies found a significant association between sedative-hypnotic medication use and an increased risk of fractures. The study estimates that users have a 30% higher risk of fractures compared to non-users, with the highest risk associated with benzodiazepine and z-drug use.
SourceThe University of Hong Kong·JournalSleep Medicine Reviews·TypeExperimental study·DateDec 19, 2023
Vervet monkeys follow different social “norms” and respond to “peer pressure,” new long-term study shows
A new long-term study has found that vervet monkeys in neighboring groups have distinct social traditions, with some exhibiting more affiliative behaviors than others. The researchers observed that males adapted their social style to match their new group, suggesting a phenomenon akin to social conformity driven by peer pressure.
Sirtuin 6 activation rescues the age-related decline in DNA damage repair in chondrocytes
This study found that SIRT6 activation improves DNA damage repair efficiency and reduces baseline DNA damage in chondrocytes from older donors. MDL-800 treatment also lowered p16 promoter activity and decreased DNA damage in murine cartilage explants, supporting the concept of SIRT6 as a critical regulator of DNA repair.
Finding that statins could slow dementia stimulates further research
A new study found that people with Alzheimer's dementia who were treated with lipid-lowering statins showed slower cognitive decline compared to those not treated. The researchers emphasize caution due to the observational nature of the study and initial concerns about statins' effects on patients with dementia.
SourceKarolinska Institutet·JournalAlzheimer s Research & Therapy·TypeObservational study·DateDec 19, 2023
Parkinson's disease: When the cellular waste collector doesn’t show up
Researchers have discovered a protein called NEMO that prevents the formation of toxic protein aggregates in Parkinson's disease. By labeling proteins for degradation and interacting with autophagy machinery, NEMO promotes the breakdown of harmful aggregates, potentially leading to new therapeutic strategies.
Protein allows poison dart frogs to accumulate toxins safely
Scientists have discovered the protein that enables poison dart frogs to accumulate and store potent toxins in their skin for self-defence against predators. The findings may suggest potential therapeutic strategies for treating humans poisoned with similar molecules.
3D material found to break down antidepressant that contaminates water bodies worldwide
Brazilian researchers developed a 3D zinc oxide photocatalyst that efficiently degrades sertraline, an emerging pollutant contaminating groundwater. The material's high photocatalytic activity and stability make it suitable for wastewater treatment.
SourceFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo·JournalChemical Engineering Journal·DateDec 19, 2023
Predicting prenatal care to improve pregnancy outcomes
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital developed a predictive model for accessing prenatal care services in rural Amhara, Ethiopia. The model incorporated data on education, income source, diet, and history of previous pregnancies, identifying factors that predict failure to attend prenatal care visits.
First comprehensive medical guideline on management of pouchitis released
The AGA releases its first comprehensive evidence-based guideline for managing pouchitis, a complication of ulcerative colitis surgery. The guideline recommends treatment with antibiotics and multi-strain probiotics to prevent recurrent pouchitis.
SourceAmerican Gastroenterological Association·JournalGastroenterology·TypeSystematic review·DateDec 19, 2023
New study explores how young people with early-onset psychosis view substance use and interventions
A new study by Southern Methodist University's Neely Myers found that young people with early-onset psychosis are ambivalent about stopping substance use. Participants offered feedback on ways to improve care, including more information about substance use and strategies for addressing psychological and physical pain.
SourceSouthern Methodist University·JournalEarly Intervention in Psychiatry·TypeCase study·DateDec 19, 2023
Treatment with bendamustine prior to CAR T-cell therapy in patients with refractory large B-cell lymphoma associates with poorer treatment outcomes
A study found that patients with refractory large B-cell lymphoma who received bendamustine before CAR T-cell therapy had a shorter progression-free survival and overall response rate compared to those who did not receive bendamustine. The use of bendamustine should be avoided in these patients when possible.
COVID-19 infection causes teen’s vocal cord paralysis in first-of-its-kind case
A 15-year-old girl developed bilateral vocal cord paralysis after a COVID-19 diagnosis, highlighting the potential for nervous system complications. The case report suggests that vocal cord paralysis may be a neuropathic complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Scientists tackle difficult-to-recycle thermoset polymers
Researchers at the University of Bath and University of Surrey have developed a method to introduce degradable bonds into thermoset polymers, making them more easily recyclable. The study found that gels with breakable bonds retained their properties better when reformed after degradation.
Diabetes drug may significantly lower women’s risk of substantial weight gain after giving up smoking
A diabetes drug called dulaglutide may significantly lower a woman's risk of substantial weight gain after giving up smoking. In contrast to men, women are five times as likely to experience substantial weight gain after stopping smoking, according to the study.
SourceBMJ Group·JournalBMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateDec 19, 2023
AI in medical research: promise and challenges
Researchers are leveraging AI/ML to improve health outcomes, but human judgment is still crucial for model selection and data quality. Explainable AI can enhance transparency and acceptance in clinical practice.
University of Limerick, Ireland research examines link between adverse childhood experiences and future risk of mortality
A University of Limerick study examined the association between adverse childhood experiences and premature mortality. The research found that self-acceptance and purpose in life are crucial factors explaining why childhood adversity is linked to future longevity.
Who wrote it? The AI ghostwriter effect
A new study investigates how people perceive and claim authorship of artificially generated texts, revealing that perceived ownership does not always align with declared authorship. Researchers found that participants who wrote the text themselves felt a stronger sense of ownership, while those who relied on AI ghostwriters did not.
SourceLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München·JournalACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction·DateDec 19, 2023
Endometrial cancer: New insights into a deadly disparity
New research reveals that Black women are more likely to develop endometrial cancers called serous carcinoma and carcinosarcoma, which are more aggressive than those found in white women. The study also showed that Black patients have a higher risk of having copy number-high or TP53 abnormal tumors, which have worse outcomes.
Scientists reveal superconductor with on-off switches
Researchers have found a superconducting material that can be controlled to switch its properties on and off, potentially leading to more efficient large-scale computing. The discovery could enable the creation of energy-efficient switchable superconducting circuits, revolutionizing industry electronics.