Articles tagged with Viral Infections
The rate of hospitalization due to hepatitis A virus infection has declined significantly in the US, with a decrease from 0.72 to 0.29 per 100,000 cases between 2002 and 2011. Vaccination of adults with chronic liver disease may help prevent HAV infection and hospitalization.
A new study reveals that canine distemper virus (CDV) poses a significant risk to tiger populations, particularly in smaller groups. Modeling shows that CDV infection can increase the 50-year extinction probability of tigers by up to 55.8 percent.
Researchers discovered that Ebola and Marburg viruses edit their genetic material by adding extra nucleotides to their RNA. This process, known as RNA editing, was previously unknown in these viruses and could lead to a better understanding of their biology and the development of new treatments.
Researchers discovered flu infection prompts immune cells to migrate to gut, altering bacterial composition and causing inflammation that promotes tissue injury. Blocking inflammatory molecules or antibiotics attenuates intestinal injury, suggesting relief options for flu-induced gastrointestinal symptoms.
A University of Adelaide-led project has developed a new test that can identify vaccinated birds with live H5N1 virus, preventing the spread of emerging strains. This breakthrough could help track and control the highly contagious avian influenza virus.
Researchers at UNC Chapel Hill have developed a genetic strain of mice that accurately reflect human Ebola symptoms. The new mouse model enables rapid development of potential vaccines and treatments, addressing the global public health crisis caused by Ebola.
Researchers recommend shifting from expanding to declining Ebola epidemic through hygienic funeral practices, case isolation, contact tracing, and better health worker protection. Achieving these goals at a success rate of about 60 percent could ultimately curtail the epidemic in Liberia.
A new mouse model reveals that genetic factors play a significant role in the severity of Ebola disease. Research suggests that certain genetic lines of mice are more resistant to the virus, while others are highly susceptible to severe illness and death. The findings could lead to rapid development of candidate therapeutics and vaccines.
A study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found that maintenance opioid agonist therapy with methadone or buprenorphine reduces the incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among young injection-drug users. The treatment was associated with a lower risk of HCV transmission, highlighting its potential as a prevention strategy.
Researchers have discovered that multiple viruses share an L-shaped switch in their RNA genomes, which can be flipped to prevent replication. The discovery has implications for developing new drugs to inhibit viral replication, particularly for hepatitis C virus.
A study found that maintenance opioid agonist therapy with methadone or buprenorphine reduced the incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in young injection-drug users. The treatment strategy is crucial for preventing the spread of HCV among this high-risk group.
Researchers developed a random transmission model to determine how disease progression and case fatality affect transmission and patient isolation. Isolating the sickest Ebola-infected individuals before they progress into their late phase of illness can effectively eliminate the Ebola epidemic in Liberia.
Only 6% of US hospitals are well-prepared to receive a patient with the Ebola virus, highlighting inadequate personnel and resources. APIC urges facilities to assess their infection prevention programs to protect healthcare workers, patients, and the public.
Researchers found that birds grouped together are less susceptible to West Nile virus infection, with a significant decrease in exposure compared to solo birds. This phenomenon, known as the 'encounter-dilution effect', suggests that individual risk is minimized when multiple birds roost together.
A new study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases predicts that the Ebola epidemic in West Africa will worsen unless international aid is significantly increased. The model developed by Yale researchers estimates tens of thousands of new cases and deaths by December 15 if current efforts are not intensified.
Researchers found that once CD8 T cells fight one pathogen, they join the body's innate immune system, ready to respond to a wide variety of infections. This discovery suggests that adaptive CD8 T cells can contribute to innate immunity and may have important implications for vaccine design.
Phytoplankton, tiny photosynthetic organisms, play a crucial role in regulating the Earth's carbon content. A new study reveals that viruses can rapidly wipe out blooms, fixing large amounts of organic carbon in the process.
Breakthroughs in HCV therapy suggest increased cure rates, including for patients with cirrhosis. Fecal microbiota transplantation shows promise in treating C. difficile, while drug-induced liver injury warnings are also emphasized.
A new study published in Diabetologia found that children infected with enterovirus were 48% more likely to develop type 1 diabetes. The study's results suggest a positive correlation between EV infection and the incidence of type 1 diabetes, which may be driven by environmental factors in regions with high EV prevalence.
Two new pill-only regimens have been developed to treat genotype 1 hepatitis C, with a sustained virological response achieved in 90% of previously untreated patients and 82% of those who failed previous treatment. These regimens show promise as simpler, safer, and faster alternatives to current therapies.
Scientists at VIB and Ghent University have developed a promising vaccination strategy to counteract Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infections. The new vaccine candidate uses a novel approach, stimulating macrophages to selectively eliminate infected cells, providing protection in lab animals.
A recent study reveals that two viruses have led to the collapse of three amphibian species and impacted six others in northern Spain, causing severe disease and mass mortality.
Researchers have found that emerging viruses are causing severe disease and mass deaths in many amphibian species, including frogs and salamanders. The viruses, part of the Ranavirus group, are being spread through human activities and are having a devastating impact on entire host communities.
A new study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases reveals that up to four out of ten children in Burkina Faso are genetically resistant to rotavirus strains found in existing vaccines. Children who cannot express the Lewis molecule, a sugar molecule needed as a receptor for the virus, do not become infected and therefore do not rec...
The Scripps Research Institute team is investigating the deadly Lassa fever virus with a $6.6 million NIH grant. The five-year study aims to understand how the immune system fights off the virus and develops new treatments for the disease. Researchers will analyze cells, chemicals, and genetics of patients to uncover key findings.
A study by Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health found that NYC rats harbor bacterial and viral pathogens, including Seoul hantavirus and rat hepaciviruses similar to human hepatitis C. The researchers identified 15 pathogens in 133 trapped rats, highlighting the importance of monitoring the city's rodent population.
A non-invasive oral capsule approach has been shown to be as effective as colonoscopy or nasogastric tube delivery in eliminating recurrent diarrhea caused by C. difficile infection. The study found a 90% success rate for the oral capsule method, with most participants experiencing complete symptom resolution after a single treatment.
The study found increased infection rates for various types of infections in US nursing homes, including pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and viral hepatitis. Simple interventions such as proper hand hygiene, reducing catheter use, and routine screening for MDROs can help reduce the risk of infection.
A study by Johns Hopkins Medicine found that tobacco use is associated with an increased risk of oral human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) infection. The researchers discovered that people who recently used or were exposed to tobacco had a higher likelihood of having oral HPV16 DNA, independent of their sexual behavior.
A plant microRNA, MIR2911, has been discovered to directly target influenza A viruses, including H1N1, H5N1, and H7N9. Drinking honeysuckle soup can prevent IAV infection and reduce mortality rates in mice. The study provides a novel therapeutic strategy for IAV infection prevention and treatment.
A new study analyzing the first outbreak of Ebola in 1976 found that reducing community transmission and changing behavior were crucial to controlling the outbreak. The study suggests that if communities had not changed their behavior, the outbreak could have been much larger, with potentially devastating consequences.
A recent study from Tel Aviv University suggests that prenatal exposure to viruses may cause type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune diseases in children. The researchers found a link between winter epidemics and increased levels of damaging antibodies in cord blood, indicating autoimmune damage to islet cells during gestation.
A recent study by Moffitt Cancer Center researchers found that men who consume more alcohol have a significantly higher risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The study analyzed over 1,300 men and discovered that those who drank the most alcohol had an increased risk of HPV independent of their number of sexual partners.
Research found a significant association between high alcohol intake and heightened HPV infection risk in men, even after adjusting for other risk factors. The study suggests that moderate alcohol consumption may be crucial to reducing this risk, alongside safe sex practices and smoking cessation.
Researchers analyzed bat influenza viruses and found they could not infect human cells or other animals, contradicting initial concerns. The study suggests these viruses have limited genetic compatibility with Type A or Type B influenza viruses, making reassortment unlikely.
A new theory proposes that blackflies infected with Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae transmit a secondary pathogen causing NS. The study suggests that population displacement and insecticide control measures may limit the spread of NS.
Researchers develop genetic 'instruction set' that creates broadly neutralizing antibodies to target hepatitis C virus. In mice, the treatment prevented infection and eradicated existing infections, offering potential for affordable treatment.
Research shows that influenza A potentiates pneumococcal co-infection by enhancing the bacterium's ability to colonize the nasopharynx and infect the middle ear. This interaction leads to increased inflammatory responses, allowing pneumococci to flourish in the host environment.
A study published in JAMA Pediatrics found a strong link between cytomegalovirus (CMV) and maternal breast milk in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. CMV was detected in 76% of mothers, with 27 out of 28 postnatal infections occurring among infants fed CMV-positive breast milk.
A new study finds that small, fast-living mammals and high population densities can increase the risk of tick-borne illnesses like Lyme disease and anaplasmosis. Research suggests that animals with fast life history features and large populations are more effective at transmitting pathogens to ticks.
Researchers at the University of Warwick found that a mathematical model replicating Ebola outbreaks can no longer predict its scale. The current outbreak is 'out of all proportion' and defies previous patterns.
High levels of T-bet in CD8+ T cells are prevalent in individuals who successfully fight off hepatitis infections. The protein is linked to the production of antiviral molecules like interferon and the ability of CD8+ T cells to multiply in response to the virus.
A team of scientists at UVA has obtained the crystal structure of a key Ebola virus protein, revealing a novel tertiary fold that could lead to insights into viral assembly and antiviral drug design. The study's results may provide a potential target for the development of new treatments for Ebola hemorrhagic fever.
Researchers uncover new insights into viral infections influencing SUP05 ecology and metabolic potential in oxygen-minimum zones. The study reveals viruses play a crucial role in marine microbial ecology below sunlit surface waters, with implications for ocean carbon cycling.
Researchers discovered that the bluetongue virus overwinters in female midges infected during previous season, allowing it to survive colder temperatures. The findings have significant implications for predicting and controlling the disease's spread.
The current Ebola outbreak in West Africa requires a rapid global response to contain the virus, which has already killed nearly 2000 people and may infect up to 20,000. Experts warn that fear, mistrust, and lack of resources are exacerbating the situation.
Researchers found that viruses can contaminate surfaces within 2-4 hours, spreading to 40-60% of workers and visitors. Disinfecting wipes with quaternary ammonium compounds (QUATS) reduced virus spread by 80-99% when used in conjunction with hand hygiene.
Researchers found that a flu virus can inflame nasal tissue and increase bacterial growth, leading to middle ear infections. The study suggests that the flu virus modifies the immune system's response to certain bacteria, enabling them to infect the middle ear.
Experts warn that dengue vaccines could lead to short-term spikes in disease incidence, but long-term vaccination will reduce overall infections. The issue arises from the natural fluctuations in mosquito populations and the imperfect vaccine protection.
A blend of three monoclonal antibodies has been shown to protect monkeys against a lethal dose of Ebola virus for up to 5 days after infection. This treatment, ZMAPP, was found to be effective in a study published in Nature.
Respiratory infection control measures for Ebola patients are unnecessary and may contribute to public panic, according to a new letter published in The Lancet. Excessive precautions could reinforce the view that some lives are more valuable than others, exacerbating the spread of infection.
Researchers sequenced over 99 Ebola virus genomes from 78 patients in Sierra Leone, finding more than 300 genetic changes that make the 2014 Ebola virus distinct from previous outbreaks. The data provides insights into the outbreak's origin, transmission, and potential targets for diagnostics, vaccines, and therapies.
A new Ebola treatment has shown promise against the Sudan strain of the virus in mice, using synthetic antibodies designed to target a key molecule on the surface of the virus. The treatment is not effective against the Zaire ebolavirus, which is currently devastating West Africa.
A clinical trial has shown that the infection caused by RSV can be effectively reduced after it has started, paving the way for a new treatment. The study found that the oral drug GS-5806 reduced viral load and improved symptoms in healthy adult volunteers infected with RSV.
The rabies virus manipulates axonal transport to reach the brain quickly, with a speed of 8 cm/day, 40% faster than its regular partner NGF.
The 2009 H1N1 outbreak at Washington State University provided valuable data for researchers to study the rapid spread of the virus. A computer model revealed that only a few initial infected individuals sparked the outbreak, with a high transmissibility rate among close-knit student communities.
Researchers at UTMB have developed a treatment effective against the lethal Marburg virus, which has a mortality rate of up to 90%. The treatment protected nonhuman primates from the virus when started three days after infection, showing promise for post-exposure treatment.
Two American missionaries who contracted Ebola virus in West Africa deserve special treatment for their selfless act of caring for infected patients. The author argues that limiting experimental treatment to these two patients is necessary due to the ethical concerns of exploiting vulnerable individuals during a public health outbreak.
The research reveals the viral capsid structure, showing similarities to other viruses, and identifies potential binding sites for modification. The findings may lead to new information on host-virus interactions and the development of custom-made viruses to target parasitic or pathogenic worms.
Researchers discovered that club cells, which normally protect against inhaled microbes, contribute to prolonged inflammation during flu infection. Targeting these cells may help shorten flu symptoms by reducing lung damage.