Articles tagged with Viral Infections
Researchers have unraveled the mechanism of necroptosis, a type of cell death linked to various diseases. Understanding this process enables the development of targeted medications to block or stimulate necroptosis, potentially treating chronic and acute inflammatory and degenerative diseases.
Researchers have discovered how lemurs fight the Cryptosporidium parasite using next-generation sequencing technology. This breakthrough could aid in conservation efforts and develop new methods for detecting and treating the infection.
Researchers tracked real-time virus replication and drug clearance in HCV patients, revealing a lag between liver and blood viral decay. The findings suggest the need for tailored therapy to achieve viral eradication and may inform vaccine development.
The USPSTF recommends screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) in nonpregnant high-risk adolescents and adults, as well as postnatal immunoprophylaxis to prevent maternal transmission. Studies have shown that these interventions can reduce mortality and hospital readmissions related to heart failure.
A team of scientists has identified a previously unknown form of lymphocyte that protects against intracellular infection, providing important insights into the human immune system. The discovery of these 'precursor cells' could lead to the development of new vaccination strategies to prevent intracellular infections.
A new drug, GS-5806, has been shown to safely reduce viral load and clinical illness in healthy adult volunteers infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The Phase 2a challenge study achieved primary and secondary endpoints, suggesting potential for clinical trials in naturally infected patients.
Researchers found that 69% of healthy Americans are infected with one or more of 109 HPV strains, most of which appear harmless. The study highlights the complexities of the HPV viral biome and the need for broader diagnostic tests to accurately assess infection status.
A study found that people enrolled in methadone treatment programs are receptive to HCV education and treatment. The research suggests that these facilities can provide sustained HCV treatment by linking care to substance abuse treatment, leading to improved adherence.
Scientists have developed an early warning system to predict dengue infections for Brazil's 553 microregions during the football World Cup. The system estimates little risk of dengue outbreaks in southern and central capitals, but predicts a moderate risk in Rio de Janeiro and Salvador.
The US prison population has a high prevalence of hepatitis C infection and is readily reachable for testing and treatment. The researchers argue that targeting prisoners could cure the greatest number of people infected with the virus, benefiting society in the long run.
A study published in PLOS Pathogens found that IL-27 balances the immune response to influenza, reducing lung damage and improving recovery. The researchers discovered that well-timed IL-27 treatment can be beneficial for mice infected with a highly pathogenic influenza strain.
Researchers at NIH's NIAID have developed a monkey model of human hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, allowing them to study the disease's progression and potential treatments. The study found that the virus triggers a life-threatening immune response nearly two weeks after infection, providing a potential target for early diagnosis.
Researchers identified a novel antiviral agent that blocks influenza infection in cell culture without developing resistance. The study suggests the potential of small molecule MK2206 as an effective treatment option for Tamiflu-resistant pH1N1 virus infections.
Dr. Richard Plemper is developing novel therapeutics against Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection. He aims to identify an anti-RSV drug and at least one distinct alternative compound to address the unmet clinical need for RSV therapeutics.
Researchers are mapping norovirus occurrences in pubs, restaurants, and hotels across the North West and South East of England. The study aims to reduce infections by collecting swabs from work surfaces and investigating virus strains in high-risk foods like oysters and berries.
Researchers from Inserm and the Institut Pasteur have identified a new variant of the Ebola virus in Guinea. The virus is highly contagious and has a high mortality rate, with symptoms including fever, severe diarrhea, and vomiting. The discovery highlights the need for increased measures to prevent transmission from wild fauna to humans.
Research by Sang-Moo Kang of Georgia State University found that ginseng can improve survival rates of human lung epithelial cells infected with the influenza A virus. Red ginseng extract also reduced inflammation and improved immune response. Additionally, Korean red ginseng extract inhibited RSV replication and suppressed inflammator...
Deaths from viral hepatitis have surpassed HIV/AIDS as a preventable cause of death in Australia, with an estimated 1,500 liver cancer deaths per year. Chronic viral hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis or liver cancer if left untreated, but access to effective care and treatment can reduce these risks.
International research group recognizes UTMB professors Frederick A. Murphy and Thomas G. Ksiazek for their groundbreaking work on filoviruses, including Ebola and Marburg viruses. The award acknowledges their decades-long efforts to develop vaccines and treatments for these deadly diseases.
Hepatitis C virus infects liver cells' energy centers, damaging mitochondria and recruiting proteins to eliminate damaged area. This process helps the virus persist in the body, making mitochondrial operations a potential therapeutic target.
Researchers at Aalto University have successfully developed a novel nanocrystalline cellulose that effectively inhibits alphavirus infection in cells. The compound was found to prevent viral spread in 88-100% of cases, with no negative effects on cell viability.
SBEL1, a compound isolated from Chinese herbal medicines, has been found to inhibit hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity by approximately 90%. It blocks virus entry and inhibits IRES-mediated translation, reducing HCV protein production and RNA replication.
A phase III study found that simeprevir-based regimens achieved high SVR12 rates in HCV genotype 4-infected patients. The study showed that response-guided therapy criteria were met by most treatment-naïve and prior-relapser patients, resulting in high SVR12 rates.
Researchers have discovered that the bicolored shrew acts as a 'pathogen reservoir' for the Borna virus, transmitting it to horses. The virus is not directly contagious and requires an intermediate host to spread, highlighting the importance of keeping shrews away from stables to prevent transmission.
A recent study found that mortality from viral hepatitis is significantly higher than from HIV/AIDS across EU countries. In 2010, there were nearly 90,000 deaths due to hepatitis C and nearly 31,000 deaths due to hepatitis B, compared to just over 8,000 deaths from HIV/AIDS.
A recent study has identified five essential mutations allowing the H5N1 bird flu virus to spread through the air between ferrets. These findings could provide crucial insights for future surveillance and early warning systems, potentially preventing future pandemics.
Scientists at The University of Texas at Austin have discovered that the influenza A virus uses a protein called NS1 to outwit the body's natural defense mechanism DDX21, which blocks viral replication. By targeting NS1, researchers may be able to develop new antiviral drugs to combat the flu.
Researchers have discovered a potential new therapy for influenza by targeting the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) molecule. This molecule is found to play a crucial role in antiviral immunity and is inhibited by a compound that increases survival rates in mice infected with the H1N1 flu virus.
University of Montreal scientists discovered how Epstein Barr (EBV) virus takes over gene regulating machinery to replicate itself. The viruses trick the human defense systems by mimicking components, allowing them to survive and cause diseases like infectious mononucleosis and lymphoma.
The European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) has published online recommendations for managing hepatitis C, which reflect the approval of three new direct-acting antivirals. The guidelines provide best practice on key areas, including treatment indications, available drugs, and measures to improve treatment adherence. Wit...
Researchers at the Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal have discovered how the immune system kills abnormal blood cells. The study found that EAT-2 and SAP molecules work together to activate natural killer cells, which play a crucial role in protecting against viruses and cancer cells.
A USGS and CDC study found that Northern sea otters off Washington state's coast were infected with the pandemic 2009 H1N1 flu virus. The presence of antibodies in 70% of the sea otters suggests they were previously exposed to influenza, highlighting their susceptibility to the virus.
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine have identified a specific RSV-encoded non-structural protein (NS2) as the genetic trigger for severe lung infections in infants. The discovery could lead to new diagnostic tools and treatments, reducing hospitalizations caused by RSV infection.
Researchers used cryo-Electron Microscopy to visualize dynamic activities of rotaviruses, revealing internal features that changed with levels of viral messenger RNA production. This study provides new insights into the mechanics of rotavirus RNA synthesis and potential targets for treatment.
Frail elderly people living in residential care facilities are at increased risk of severe illness or death from viral gastroenteritis. Prompt notification of outbreaks to public health units led to a shorter outbreak duration.
A team of researchers has developed a new generation of therapeutics against West Nile virus using tobacco plants. The monoclonal antibodies were shown to be effective in protecting mice from lethal doses even up to 4 days after infection.
Researchers found that rotavirus infection accelerates type 1 diabetes development through a bystander effect, where the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells. The study suggests that treatments targeting this immune response could be beneficial for preventing type 1 diabetes in children at risk.
Researchers found that rotavirus infection activates specific immune cells, including dendritic cells and T cells, which can recognize and destroy insulin-producing islet cells. This 'bystander activation' contributes to the acceleration of autoimmune diabetes in a mouse model.
Researchers found detectable JC virus DNA in at least one cell subtype of 26 out of 49 patients with MS starting natalizumab therapy. This study suggests that ongoing studies are needed to investigate the mechanism behind PML in natalizumab-treated MS patients.
Quail and chickens are likely sources of infection for the H7N9 influenza virus, according to a study published in the Journal of Virology. The research found that quail efficiently transmitted the virus, while other poultry species were resistant or did not become infected.
A new bioinsecticide has been developed using a baculovirus to control a pest of banana plantations. The treatment is more effective than traditional methods and poses fewer environmental hazards.
A major study reveals that only 23% of seasonal and pandemic flu infections caused noticeable symptoms, with a staggering 77% remaining asymptomatic. The research, published in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, underscores the need for improved surveillance to accurately track disease burden.
Researchers found that patients with specific gene variants exhibited a significantly lower risk of experiencing relapse after treatment for chronic hepatitis C. The study, which involved over 300 patients, suggests that these variants may play a role in preventing the virus from becoming unstable and causing recurrence.
A global inventory of flu strains in birds has identified over 116 avian flu strains in wild birds, twice the number found in domestic birds. The study also reveals patterns of flu diversity in different bird hosts, with some strains specific to certain species.
Researchers will develop and test new vaccines and broad-spectrum treatments for Ebola and Marburg, which are considered high-risk bioterrorist pathogens. The grant aims to address the critical problem of no approved treatments or vaccines for these deadly viruses, with potential applications in post-exposure treatment.
A clinical trial found that low-dose oral interferon-alpha can prevent hepatitis C virus (HCV) relapse in patients with mild liver fibrosis. The study's results are significant for the optimal use of IFN in HCV treatment.
A multi-institutional team, led by Rachel Whitaker, studies host-viral interactions to understand how viruses can protect hosts from competitors and aid in survival. The research aims to develop a theoretical model of eco-evolutionary dynamics between viruses and microbes.
Researchers have demonstrated the effectiveness of a small-molecule drug, BCX4430, in protecting nonhuman primates from the lethal Marburg virus. The drug protected cynomolgous macaques and guinea pigs from infection when administered by injection or inhalation.
Researchers found that feeding plant extracts to weanling pigs challenged with PRRS and E. coli reduced the frequency of diarrhea, improved feed efficiency, and altered gut morphology. The study suggests that these extracts may be used to alleviate disease symptoms in pigs.
Researchers at The Scripps Research Institute have mapped the severe immune overreaction known as a cytokine storm in flu virus infections. The study found that a potent new class of anti-inflammatory compounds can quiet this reaction, allowing infected hosts to mount an effective immune response.
A study has found that invading grey squirrels may pass a deadly virus to native red squirrels through their urine, parasites and faeces. The research also suggests the disease persists best in warm dry conditions and could be slowed by limiting contact between species.
Scientists have discovered a way to selectively degrade viral DNA in the cell nucleus of infected liver cells, opening up new treatment options for hepatitis B. This breakthrough may allow for the development of a treatment that can heal hepatitis B without damaging the host cell.
Researchers developed a vaccine against rodent skin papillomavirus that prevented benign and malignant skin tumors in vaccinated animals. The vaccine worked even when given to already infected animals and suppressed the virus in mice treated with immune-suppressive drugs.
A study found that newborn mice's lung dendritic cells respond differently to RSV infection, leading to impaired CD8+ T cell responses. This understanding can guide vaccine approaches for infants to promote adult-like immune responses.
A study by Penn microbiologists found that statins can lower cholesterol levels and make cells less susceptible to hantavirus infection. This could lead to potential treatments for the deadly virus, which causes flu-like symptoms and respiratory distress syndrome.
The study estimates cumulative healthcare expenditures and lost productivity due to WNV disease have been substantially underestimated. Hospitalized cases of WNV disease have cost a cumulative $778 million in health care expenditures and lost productivity.
A genetic variation near an area that encodes for interferon-lamda3 (IFNL3) is responsible for the differences between those who can and cannot effectively clear HCV. Individuals with a favorable IFNL3 genotype have a better outcome in fighting HCV.
Researchers have made a significant discovery that could lead to the development of an effective RSV vaccine, a major cause of infant mortality worldwide. The team designed artificial proteins capable of stimulating an immune response against RSV using a new software app.
Researchers identified four proteins involved in hantavirus entry into human host cells, all part of a protein complex regulating cholesterol production. Statins, commonly used to lower cholesterol, also showed promise in preventing viral infection.
A Chinese woman died from a new bird flu virus H10N8 after visiting a live poultry market, with the virus showing genetic characteristics allowing it to replicate efficiently in humans. The H10N8 strain has been previously isolated but never reported in humans before.