Articles tagged with Viral Infections
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at WashU Medicine have identified a new therapeutic target for COPD by linking acute viral infections to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Viral infection triggers the production of IL-33, a signaling molecule that activates immune cells to produce excess mucus in the lungs.
Scientists at Salk Institute find that enveloped viruses use phosphatidylserine to activate TAM receptors, disabling the interferon response and allowing infection. This discovery may lead to novel antiviral therapies that target this mechanism.
A study found that CDV infected at least 1% of Amur tigers since 2009, causing fatal neurological disease. The virus is spread through contact with domestic dogs or other wild carnivores, posing a significant threat to the critically endangered species.
Scientists have discovered a new strategy that cripples the dengue virus's ability to escape the host immune system. By introducing a genetic mutation to deactivate the MTase enzyme, researchers created a weakened virus that generates a strong protective immune response while preventing the virus from spreading in mosquitoes.
Researchers from The Mount Sinai Hospital have developed a new strategy to safely study deadly influenza viruses, including H5N1 bird flu. By harnessing the power of human lung cells, they create 'viral scissors' that can cut these viruses into pieces, preventing effective transmission to humans.
Researchers report a family cluster of two patients with H7N9 infection, suggesting direct transmission from father to daughter. However, the authors stress that the ability to transmit itself is limited and non-sustainable.
Researchers have developed a new laboratory model to study hepatitis C by infecting monkey stem cells with the virus. The model may lead to new treatments and vaccines for the disease, which affects over three million people in the US.
Scientists at the University of Bristol found significant differences in viral proteins for all four DENV types, which may impact anti-viral therapy design. This discovery could lead to more effective treatments for dengue disease, a mosquito-borne infection affecting millions worldwide.
A recent study published in the Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy found that more than 60% of antibiotic prescriptions in the US are for broad-spectrum drugs, which can be ineffective against viral infections. The overuse of these antibiotics contributes to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and side effects.
UCSF researchers have discovered a new adenovirus that can spread from primate to primate and potentially from monkeys to humans. The study suggests that adenoviruses may pose a risk for cross-species infections, highlighting the need for vigilance in tracking animal viruses.
Researchers at University of Bristol suggest combining antiviral treatment, opiate substitution therapy, and high-coverage needle and syringe programs to achieve substantial reductions in HCV prevalence among people who inject drugs. This approach can lead to a 45% reduction in HCV prevalence over ten years.
Researchers have found a virus in South African bats that is genetically more closely related to MERS-CoV than any other known virus. This discovery suggests that African bats may play a role in the evolution of MERS-CoV predecessor viruses, potentially leading to human infection through intermediate hosts such as camels.
Researchers developed a monoclonal antibody effective against human norovirus, which can prevent infection in susceptible host cells. The study aims to explore the antibody as both treatment and disease prevention strategy for outbreaks, particularly among vulnerable populations like healthcare workers and travelers.
A recent study by a MU, K-State research team disproved the theory that Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) binds to CD169 molecules in pigs. This discovery will help scientists narrow their search for an ultimate cure.
Researchers at Mount Sinai identified a critical protein called VP35 that deactivates the innate immune system, allowing Ebola viruses to spread. Overexpressing a cellular protein called PACT inhibited viral replication, providing a potential target for new treatments.
A fatal case of raccoon rabies virus exposure has been linked to a kidney transplant 18 months earlier, suggesting a long incubation period. The study emphasizes the importance of increased awareness and modified organ donor screening and recipient monitoring for infectious encephalitis.
Researchers isolated Heartland virus in tick populations in northwestern Missouri, confirming its role as a human pathogen. The virus causes severe illness with fever, headaches, and low white blood cell counts, with no treatment available.
U of M researchers identified infection-fighting and inflammation-suppressing functions for the PTPN22 gene, which could impact treatment strategies for autoimmune diseases. The study found that a variant of PTPN22 impacts immune system function in health and disease.
Researchers developed a modified prion protein that resists changing its shape, preventing the propagation of neurodegenerative diseases. The study provides a novel pharmacologic strategy to develop new drugs targeting prion protein and stabilizing its normal shape.
Researchers analyzed decade of West Nile infections, weather, and housing data to identify optimal time for intervention. The study found that using a mosquito vector index can nip outbreaks in the bud, but late intervention may still be necessary if data are unavailable.
Researchers aim to identify genetic elements that enable animal hepatitis E strains to infect humans, with potential implications for fighting cross-species virus infections. The study will also investigate host immune factors that defend against the virus.
A study at WashU Medicine distinguished between viral and bacterial infections in children with fever using gene profiling, achieving a 90% accuracy rate. This new method could help identify the cause of illness and ensure targeted treatment.
A new study reveals the H7N9 avian influenza virus can infect and replicate in human cells, suggesting it has pandemic potential. The virus also transmits efficiently in ferrets and other mammalian species, raising concerns about a potential global outbreak.
The H7N9 avian flu strain has a tendency to become established in bird, horse, and swine populations, leading to repeated spillover into humans. The virus's unusual characteristics, such as its ability to mutate and infect conjunctival cells, make it a cause for heightened concern.
Researchers estimate MERS-CoV's basic reproduction number (R0) is 0.69, compared to SARS' 2.2-3.7, suggesting a lower risk of pandemic potential.
Researchers analyzed a unique 40-year data set to estimate short-term cross-protection between multiple dengue strains. The findings suggest that after an initial infection, a person is protected from other strains for 1 to 3 years.
Researchers at the IRCM isolated two important mechanisms that improve antibody quality, providing a new model for studying auto-immune diseases. The study found that these mechanisms, class switching and affinity maturation, are crucial for immune responses to infections and diseases.
Researchers found that single men and smokers are more likely to acquire cancer-causing oral human papillomavirus (HPV), while healthy men with newly acquired HPV infections rarely persist beyond one year. The study suggests a potential link between persistent oral HPV16 infection and oropharyngeal cancer.
Researchers mapped how critical molecules regulate inflammation during flu infection, discovering new targets for therapies. The study provided a holistic view of the host-pathogen interaction, revealing lipid mediators' dual role in controlling inflammation.
Researchers at Brookhaven Lab identified two promising candidates for antiviral drugs against human adenovirus. The compounds target the viral enzyme proteinase, essential for virus maturation and replication. These inhibitors may provide effective treatment against all strains of adenovirus.
Researchers at Pitt and MWRI found that placental cells can resist viral infection by transferring genetic material called microRNAs through tiny spheres called exosomes. This trait could lead to new approaches to combat viral infections during pregnancy.
Researchers developed a novel DNAzyme-gold nanoparticle test to detect dengue virus in mosquitoes, detecting as little as 10 viruses per sample. The assay is stable at high temperatures and can be easily transported and used in remote regions.
A University of Michigan-led study found that influenza infection significantly increases the likelihood of developing pneumococcal pneumonia, with a risk increase of up to 100-fold. The study suggests that vaccination against both flu and pneumococcal disease is crucial in reducing bacterial pneumonia incidence.
The USPSTF recommends screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in persons at high risk for infection. One-time screening for all adults born between 1945 and 1965 may identify infected patients at an earlier, more treatable stage of disease.
Research suggests H7N9 has a lower fatality risk than H5N1 but higher risk than pandemic H1N1. Between 0.16% and 2.8% of symptomatic patients are at risk of dying, highlighting the need for continued vigilance against the virus.
A combination of myxoma virus and rapamycin has been shown to infect and kill both brain cancer stem cells and differentiated compartments of glioblastoma multiforme, overcoming drug resistance. This study offers promising possibilities for overcoming barriers to treating the deadliest malignant brain tumor.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute found a way for intrinsically disordered proteins to modulate their functionality. They used single-molecule FRET technique to study the dynamics of an adenovirus protein and discovered that it can employ allostery to regulate its interactions with other proteins.
Joshua Obar has been honored with the ICAAC Young Investigator Award for his groundbreaking research on immunological memory responses. His work focuses on understanding how latent viral infections affect CD8 T cells and the formation of immune memories.
Researchers have identified a new virus, CyCV-VN, in patients with severe brain infections in Vietnam. The virus was found in 28 out of 644 patients, but not in those with non-infectious brain disorders. Further research is needed to determine its role in causing the symptoms.
Researchers detected a new virus, CyCV-VN, in 4% of patients with central nervous system infections and up to 58% of farm animal fecal samples, raising concerns about animal-to-human transmission
Saint Louis University researchers developed a technology that can detect new, previously unknown viruses using transcriptome subtraction. The approach eliminates the need for lab-grown tissues or prior knowledge of a virus's origin.
Researchers used advanced mathematical modelling to devise strategies for making cancer cells exquisitely sensitive to virus infection, killing them without affecting normal cells. The models were remarkably accurate, predicting experimental outcomes in a mouse model of the disease and creating a useful framework for further research.
Researchers have found that common mutant forms of the JC polyomavirus are not infectious, but may still contribute to disease. The mutants appear to be up to no good by only being found in immunocompromised patients and possibly helping the main virus evade the immune system.
A study found that an intervention improving clinician education and personalized audit and feedback reduced broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing for common pediatric bacterial ARTIs by nearly half. Antibiotic prescribing for viral infections remained low, with no significant change after the intervention.
A team of researchers plans to model how humans respond to viral pathogens like influenza, Ebola and West Nile, aiming to provide a detailed molecular understanding for drug development. The study will focus on the host response during infection, using high-throughput screening and advanced data processing methods.
Two studies identify specific HA mutations in H5N1 and H7N9 viruses that enhance infectivity in the human respiratory tract. These findings can inform monitoring and vaccine development for emerging bird flu strains.
A recent study published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases found that mosquitoes reared in cooler temperatures have weakened immune systems, making them more vulnerable to viral diseases like West Nile fever and chikungunya fever. The research suggests that temperature may play a significant role in the transmission of these diseases.
A study led by Johns Hopkins investigators found that long-term couples need not change their sexual practices due to low oral HPV infections among spouses/partners. Persistent oral HPV infections are a risk for developing oropharyngeal cancers, but the study suggests these risks remain low.
Scientists discover protein c-FLIP-R that confers protection on immune cells against apoptosis, a type of cellular suicide. The discovery reveals mice with elevated c-FLIP levels are less susceptible to Listeria infections, sparking hope for potential therapeutic approaches.
Researchers have shown that interleukin-22 reduces lung inflammation during influenza A virus infection and protects against secondary bacterial infection. The study suggests that interleukin-22 may play an important role in maintaining epithelial integrity, providing a potential benefit for patients with flu.
Researchers developed optics-based methods for determining viral load by counting individual virus particles, allowing for faster and cheaper testing. These new methods could conduct measurements in a medical office or hospital instead of a laboratory, providing rapid results and fast turnaround.
A randomized trial found that giving double doses of oseltamivir to patients with severe influenza infection offers no clinical or virological advantages over a standard dose. The study has implications for global guidelines on clinical management and stockpiling drugs for pandemic preparedness.
A new study in The Lancet details two MERS-CoV cases in France, revealing a longer incubation period than previously thought. The virus was detected in patients through lower respiratory tract samples, and initial negative results should be confirmed with further samples taken days later.
Researchers found that treatment with Tamiflu did not reduce viral load in three patients who became severely ill, leading to concerns about resistance. Genetic testing confirmed the presence of a mutation characteristic of neuraminidase inhibitor resistance.
New research from the University of Southampton reveals copper can rapidly destroy norovirus on surfaces, potentially disrupting infection cycles and lowering outbreak risks. The virus can remain infectious on solid surfaces, but copper alloy surfaces containing over 60% copper prove highly effective in destroying it.
Researchers infected ferrets and pigs with the human-derived H7N9 virus, showing that both species can be infected and transmit the virus. While transmission was more efficient in ferrets, the study highlights potential public health implications of the avian virus.
A new study reveals that the level of immunity to the recently circulating H7N9 influenza virus in an urban and rural population in Vietnam is very low. The findings suggest that people living in this area have had little or no exposure to the virus, making it essential to consider alternative plans for pandemic preparedness.
A new computational technique allows predicting infectious avian influenza strains based on protein sequences and physicochemical characteristics. The 'A2H' system has successfully validated its predictions against known strains of bird flu and those that are infectious to people.
Researchers have discovered that processing bodies can contribute to immune defenses by responding to viral infections. Viruses alter the composition of processing bodies to enhance their replication, but PBs can limit this ability.
A novel avian-origin H7N9 influenza virus was found to show rapid evolution, with several viruses circulating in Hangzhou. The virus's pathogenesis in humans remains unknown, but substitutions have been identified as potential pathogenicity factors.