The PROSPECT II trial will enroll 900 patients with acute coronary syndrome to assess the ability of intracoronary near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to identify non-flow obstructing vulnerable plaques. The study will also evaluate the feasibility of a bioresorbable scaffold in preventing future major adverse cardiovascular events.
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) inhibits immune response against cancer by binding to killer T cells, preventing them from recognizing and attacking nascent tumors. The LPA5 receptor is responsible for this inhibition, which can halt tumor growth.
A Griffith University-led study has found that ocean acidification may inhibit the development of juvenile Irukandji jellyfish, potentially providing some protection for South East Queenslanders. The research also highlights the risk of Irukandji expansion into new areas due to climate change.
University of Cincinnati researchers developed a new method for mapping landscape types using machine vision technology, discovering 15 distinctive landscape types in northern Georgia. The technique can be applied to socio-economic data, such as U.S. Census data, allowing for more efficient geographic research and land management.
A 10-year study found that warmer temperatures and forest disturbances helped grizzlies build more body fat, increasing their chances of successful reproduction. This 'silver spoon effect' benefits bears born into favourable conditions, giving them a head-start in life.
A new study reveals areas of high human impact on marine predators such as whales, seals, and turtles along the US west coast. The research used tracking data and mapping to identify key habitats and areas for conservation efforts.
A recent study suggests that Americans would support monarch butterfly conservation by paying up to $6.5 billion if extrapolated to all U.S. households. This universal popularity of monarchs could encourage a market for monarch-friendly plants.
Researchers analyzed teeth of mice and rats using X-ray beams to study evolutionary processes that led to their characteristic feature. The team identified two key moments in the acquisition of this apparatus, dating back 16 million years.
Scientists warn that shale oil and gas production in the US is not sustainable due to declining energy returns on investment (EROI) and high costs. Despite tripling of prices, global fossil-fuel production has stagnated or declined, making it unlikely for the US to become a net oil exporter.
A large observational study found that only 43% of patients with gout achieved the recommended serum uric acid level after taking allopurinol. The study showed no new safety signals with the commonly used treatment.
A study found that pediatricians can successfully promote safe driving agreements between teens and parents using a web-based Checkpoints TM program. Nearly 4,000 parents were reached, resulting in over 2,100 website visits and an average of 3.5 minutes spent on the site.
Researchers are developing a general framework for secure, privacy-preserving wearable mHealth devices that complement smartphone capabilities. The Amulet project aims to provide seamless integration of health data into everyday life.
Researchers will use Tiramisu Transit to understand how real-time trip information and community dialog empower accessible travel. The center will also design faster, safer, and more accessible boarding and disembarking processes for buses. Additionally, the team will develop software systems to help riders during multi-modal trips.
Research in South Asian countries reveals that young maternal age and rapid pregnancies are major factors contributing to high infant mortality rates. In India and Pakistan, these factors account for nearly one-quarter of infant mortality among young mothers, leading to approximately 200,000 infant deaths annually.
Children who speak dual-marking languages grasp the concept of 'two' earlier than English-speaking counterparts and learn number words faster. The study suggests that naturalistic speech is critical to number word learning, but teaching routines are still necessary for later math performance.
A recent study published in the British Journal of Nutrition found that obese women voluntarily reduced their dietary intake by 378kcal in response to additional sugar-sweetened drinks. The researchers discovered that these women were able to compensate for most of the extra calories by decreasing energy intakes from other sources.
A new study reveals that nearly 17,000 kilometres of road were built in the Brazilian Amazon every year between 2004 and 2007. This expansion had a significant ecological impact, with indirect effects including changes in air and soil temperature, moisture, and animal movement restrictions.
Dr. Avrum Spira has received the Alton Ochsner Award for his seminal research contributions to understanding the biological response of lung tissue to tobacco smoke. His work has led to the development of early detection biomarkers for lung cancer and molecular biomarkers for COPD treatment guidance.
A study published in Psychonomic Bulletin & Review found that spending time immersed as a virtual character in role-playing video games can numb people to realizing important body signals in real life. Participants who played immersive video games showed reduced sensitivity to pain and were more indifferent to others' displeasure.
Fibromyalgia symptoms worsen with age, according to a Mayo Clinic study. Young and middle-aged patients experience more severe physical health problems and lower quality of life compared to their older counterparts.
Researchers at University of Michigan and Jiangnan University have developed a new method for detecting DNA using twisted light, achieving 50 times better sensitivity than current methods. This technology has the potential to aid in diagnosing patients, solving crimes, and identifying biological contaminants.
Research reveals that regular cannabis users exhibit increased impulsive behavior, impaired critical thinking skills, and reduced executive function, while cocaine users show heightened impulsivity and decreased impulse control. Long-term use of both substances may trigger addictive behaviors due to altered brain function.
Fossilized footprints found at Dinosaur Cove in Victoria, Australia, reveal the oldest known bird tracks in the country, dating back to the Early Cretaceous period. The analysis, led by paleontologist Anthony Martin, sheds light on the evolution of flight and the connection between birds and non-avian dinosaurs.
A new study by Grand Valley State University researchers examines the criteria for determining gender in sex-segregated spaces, revealing a shift from biological factors to self-identity. The study finds that while self-identity is sufficient in many circumstances, biology still plays a significant role in these spaces, leading to 'gen...
A new study found that US consumers are in favor of labeling food products with nanotechnology, and some are willing to pay up to 25% more for labeled products. The research suggests that people want access to reliable information about the risks associated with labeled products.
A study by ICRAF and European institutions finds that local communities using simple tools can produce accurate forest carbon data on par with results by professional foresters. Community-gathered data is also found to be more legitimate, cost-effective, and improve trust among local communities.
Researchers have identified specific molecules called microRNAs that regulate both good and bad protein levels in the brain. Targeting these molecules may help preserve brain function and detect Alzheimer's disease at an earlier age.
Physicists from the University of Warsaw and Gdansk University of Technology discovered that polarization plays a significant role in interference between quantum particles. The research allowed for the estimation of information leakage, with potential applications in quantum cryptography.
The Cell-CT platform detected lung cancer in patient sputum samples with a sensitivity of over 95% and specificity of 99.8%. The technology creates comprehensive 3D digital images of cells, making it possible to determine the presence or absence of cancer with great accuracy.
A new review suggests that high levels of omega-3 fatty acid consumption can lead to immune system dysfunction and increased risk of infections. Researchers say there is a need for evidence-based dietary standards and biomarkers to determine safe intake levels.
Researchers found that people smile more when someone they envy experiences discomfort, a phenomenon known as Schadenfreude. This reaction was strongest for groups associated with high status and competition, such as rich professionals.
A new study suggests that pregnant women with hepatitis C can pass a more replicative viral strain to their newborns, which increases the risk of persistent infection. This occurs due to immune changes during pregnancy, which impair CD8+ T-cell function and allow the virus to thrive.
A resurgence in swaddling has raised concerns about developmental hip problems in babies, with a link to osteoarthritis and hip replacement in middle age. Swaddling can be safe if done correctly, but delaying natural development of the hip joints is a risk factor.
Research reveals South Asian-Canadians in Peel have a 15% lower rate of cancer screening, making them more vulnerable to cancer deaths. The study attributes this disparity to barriers such as long wait times and limited education on cancer risk factors.
Scientists at Arizona State University have developed a microchip-based technology called immunosignature diagnosis that can rapidly measure an individual's vaccine response. This innovation has the potential to significantly reduce the costs and timeframes of vaccine testing, allowing for more effective vaccines to be identified.
A study published in JAMA Pediatrics found that poverty in early childhood is associated with smaller brain volumes, including white matter, cortical gray matter, and hippocampal volume. The effects of poverty on brain development were also influenced by caregiving and stressful life events.
A study examined expedited FDA drug approvals, finding that new drugs approved under accelerated review took a median of 5.1 years to get marketing approval compared to 7.5 years for standard-reviewed drugs. Fewer patients were studied in these expedited reviews, raising concerns over the safety and efficacy of these medications.
Researchers from UMass Amherst and international partners report advances in understanding sperm capacitation, a crucial step in IVF. By bypassing early problems, they may improve IVF success rates and potentially lead to a male contraceptive.
A new collaboration describes a new centipede species using a holistic approach combining 3D imaging, DNA barcoding, transcriptomic profiles, and video of the living specimen. The 'cyber-type' allows for global access to the specimen's data, enabling faster conservation efforts.
A new study suggests that melting Arctic sea ice causes a shift in the jet stream, leading to increased rain in northwest Europe during summers. The research also finds that Mediterranean regions will receive less rain, with potential effects on weather patterns as far as North America.
A new study by UCSB researcher Michael Singer shows that sediment-absorbed mercury is being transported from the Sierra Nevada mountains to the Central Valley lowlands through major floods. This process poses a huge risk to the region's ecosystems and human population, as mercury-laden sediment is carried into ecologically sensitive re...
A longitudinal review found moderate exercise can prevent episodes of depression, even at low levels (20-30 minutes/day). Researchers analyzed over 26 years of research to demonstrate the impact of physical activity on mental health.
Researchers found a fat recycling system within pancreatic beta cells that regulates insulin production, providing a promising target for future diabetes treatments. By preventing this system from breaking down unwanted fats, scientists were able to increase insulin secretion.
A study by Loyola University Medical Center researchers found that nurses in a burn intensive care unit experience moral distress, which can lead to depression, anxiety, and job burnout. An educational intervention reduced moral distress scores, but not significantly enough to last six weeks after the program.
A new approach to describing new species uses big data techniques like next-gen sequencing and barcoding. This allows scientists to create detailed datasets and make it easier to manage biodiversity information.
A study published in Psychological Science found that cognitive reappraisal can actually have negative effects on psychological health when dealing with controllable stressors. This challenges the long-held notion that reappraisal is always beneficial for emotional well-being.
Researchers quantify the extent of ancient oxygen-free and hydrogen sulfide-rich waters in the ocean during a major extinction event 93.9 million years ago. This discovery highlights the significant impact on ocean chemistry and biological activity, suggesting that even limited euxinia can have profound effects on marine life.
Using genetic algorithms, researchers at Columbia University have developed an inverse design framework to create novel nanostructured materials. The study shows the potential of machine learning and
Researchers at Simon Fraser University are using advanced Nano X-ray Computed Tomography tools to visualize hydrogen fuel cells, enabling the development of more durable and efficient fuel cells. The new technology is expected to play a key role in reducing harmful emissions in the transportation sector.
Researchers found that posterior intercostal lymph nodes have predictive power for mesothelioma patients, with patients without cancer in these nodes having significantly longer overall survival rates. The study suggests including these lymph nodes in the mesothelioma staging system.
A new study published in the British Medical Journal found that lowering blood pressure can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular events among people with kidney disease. The study suggests that any type of blood pressure-lowering drug is effective in preventing these events, making it a simple and affordable treatment option.
Remimazolam, a benzodiazepine-type sedative drug, has shown promising results as an alternative to conventional sedatives in colonoscopy procedures. The medication provides adequate sedation with a fast onset and quick recovery time, making it a valuable option for patients undergoing brief medical procedures.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago have discovered a molecular switch that causes small, beneficial clots to enlarge further during wound healing. By blocking this switch, potent anti-clotting drugs can be developed to prevent large clots from forming while preserving the body's ability to form primary clots.
Early, aggressive drug treatment shows promising results in patients with psoriatic arthritis, reducing joint damage and disability. A £550,000 clinical trial involving over 200 patients found significant improvements in joint and skin outcomes with tight control of disease activity.
Researchers found that tumors may switch dependence from VEGF-A to related growth factors like VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and placental growth factor when targeted by bevacizumab. This change allows colorectal cancer to continue growing despite the blockage of VEGF-A.
New findings show STELARA significantly inhibits structural damage progression at week 24 and maintains effect through two years. Treatment with STELARA results in reduced total psoriatic arthritis modified vdH-S scores compared to placebo.
Case Western Reserve University researchers aim to develop processes that can be used by industry to manufacture Janus particles, which could carry paired medicines or provide unique optics for displays. The engineers focus on creating high-yield nanomanufacturing with simple processes.
A new DNA vaccine, p(Aβ3–10)10-C3d-p28, was developed to induce a Th2 immune response against amyloid-beta in Alzheimer's disease mice. The vaccine successfully elicited high titers of anti-amyloid-β antibodies and shifted the cellular immune response towards a Th2 phenotype.
A new study published in CMAJ found that the odds of patients with brain injury deteriorating to neurologic death decreased over a 10-year period, likely due to improved care and prevention measures such as road safety initiatives and enhanced clinical care.
A new study at Washington University School of Medicine found that nurturing home life can offset negative brain changes in poor children. The research suggests teaching nurturing skills to parents can provide a lifetime benefit for their children.
A study found that wearing high heels while running leads to increased knee motion, joint forces, and risk of ankle sprains. Regular use may contribute to osteoarthritis in the knees.
The Geological Society of America is presenting a late-breaking session on the 2013 Colorado flood event, which was triggered by unprecedented heavy rainfall. Speakers will discuss causes, processes, and effects of the flood, including its impact on dams, infrastructure, and lives.
A Korean research team from Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) developed a high-performance metal-free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction using covalently functionalized graphene nanosheets. The new catalyst shows superior stability compared to commercial Pt/C catalysts.
Researchers have verified the classical Landau-Squire theory in a nanoscale fluid jet, measuring flow rates of tens of pico liters per second. The findings suggest that the Navier-Stokes equations hold true at molecular scales, with potential applications in ultra-low-volume injectors and microfluidic logic circuits.
Researchers found that rhesus macaque monkeys have specialized nerve cells in their brains that respond to images of snakes. This suggests that primates may have evolved to detect and avoid snakes due to the presence of venomous snakes during their ancestors' time.
A study has found that potassium chloride (KCl) fertilization is seldom effective in increasing grain yield and can even lead to significant yield reduction. The research also highlights the potential negative impacts of KCl on soil health, including increased cadmium accumulation and changes in soil physical properties.
A recent study published by the American Academy of Pediatrics found that young athletes who spend twice as much time in organized sports than free play are more likely to be injured. The study also found that those who specialize in a single sport for extended periods are at a higher risk of overuse injuries.
LIMP-2 possesses a novel protein fold and nanoscale transport tunnel, enabling it to transport enzymes and lipids. This discovery could lead to the development of therapies for diseases like Gaucher's, where enzyme deficiency causes lipid accumulation.
The sun continues to produce mid-level and significant solar flares, including an X1.0 flare on Oct. 27 and an M5.1 flare on Oct. 28, potentially impacting Earth's atmosphere and electronic systems. The recent activity is part of the sun's normal 11-year activity cycle.
Scientists at PNNL found that new rooftop units reduce energy costs by 41% compared to current units. If widely adopted, these devices could idle eight average-size coal-fired power plants in a year.
NASA's Aqua satellite captured the last image of Typhoon Lekima before it weakened into an extra-tropical cyclone. The typhoon maintained its eye and surrounded clouds, but its winds were rapidly decreasing.
A UT Dallas study shows that preschoolers tend to trust nice people with no expertise over mean experts who clearly know the answer. Children as young as 4 years old recognize expertise in specific areas and prioritize niceness when deciding whom to believe.
A study by the American Academy of Pediatrics found that different helmet brands and custom mouth guards did not reduce concussion risk in high school football players. The study tested various mouth guard brands, including custom-fit mouth guards, and new and older football helmets.
A new study mapping gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon reveals a 400% increase in mining extent from 1999 to 2012 and tripled average annual rate of forest loss. The research used satellite monitoring and field surveys to detect small-scale mining operations, confirming up to 94% accuracy.
Researchers have discovered that tumors with specific microRNA segments are more likely to recur after surgery. Elevated blood levels of these genetic markers may also indicate a higher risk of recurrence. The findings suggest a potential for using microRNA profiles to classify thyroid tumors and monitor cancer progression.
A new super-thin silicon membrane developed at the University of Rochester enables the creation of miniaturized pumps that can be powered by small batteries, paving the way for portable diagnostic devices. This breakthrough could lead to applications in medical and electronic device cooling, as well as cost-effective fabrication methods.
A study at Washington University in St. Louis found that a small molecule called VIP can temporarily desynchronize brain cells, but also enables them to re-synchronize more quickly to abrupt shifts in daily light-dark schedules. This effect may be useful for travelers and shift workers who struggle with jet lag.
Researchers from Uppsala University use PET scanning to visualize elevated levels of NK1 receptors in painful tissue, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms of chronic tennis elbow. The study provides a promising diagnostic method for localizing and diagnosing soft tissue pain.
A new study reveals that presenilin works with enzyme GSK-3ß to control material transport through neurons. Low levels of presenilin or high levels of GSK-3ß can cause uncoordinated movement, resulting in dangerous blockages. Researchers propose a potential pathway for early intervention through drugs.
A comprehensive review from the American Heart Association emphasizes the importance of personalized care for older adults with cardiovascular disease. The statement highlights key factors such as lifestyle changes, medication regimens, and revascularization strategies that can provide benefits and risks.
Research finds that early skin-to-skin contact in the delivery room significantly increases exclusive breastfeeding rates, particularly when mothers intend to breastfeed exclusively. Skin-to-skin contact and maternal intention are strongly associated with successful breastfeeding outcomes.
A University of Oklahoma research team found that a commonly used aquatic crustacean, Hyalella azteca, can adapt to polluted conditions and become an unreliable source of information about ecosystem health. The species' genetic mutations allow it to survive at high doses of pyrethroid insecticides.
A new drug, Linaclotide, has been found to effectively relieve abdominal pain in IBS-C patients through a novel physiological pathway. The study's findings provide significant relief for approximately one-third of IBS-C sufferers who have struggled with this debilitating condition.
The Nanotechnology Consumer Product Inventory has been restructured to improve its functionality and scientific credibility. The database now includes qualitative and quantitative descriptors for nanomaterials and their potential exposure routes, enabling better understanding of the risks associated with consumer products.
Researchers found increased iron deposits in deep gray matter of patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), a precursor to Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The study also revealed subtle brain damage and lack of correlation between iron deposits and jugular vein diameter, casting doubt on the Zamboni hypothesis.
A new study published in Arthritis & Rheumatism found that headaches in lupus patients are not linked to disease activity or specific autoantibodies. The study of over 1,700 lupus patients showed that nearly all headache episodes resolved on their own without treatment.
Researchers have developed a novel nanostructure that can carry multiple components for simultaneous detection, diagnosis, and targeted drug delivery to cancer cells. This Janus nanostructure has the potential to provide earlier diagnosis and more accurate targeting of cancer cells, reducing drug side effects.
The study found that children under 14 are four times more likely to be shot at home and are much more likely to arrive by ambulance than older teens. Older teens often walk in or are dropped off at emergency department entrances.
A study of 48 patients found higher coronary risks associated with left-sided radiation and supine body position. Targeting baseline cardiac risk factors may reduce radiotherapy-induced heart disease risks.
A new study found that higher-ranking group members manipulate perceived threats to preserve their rank, while average individuals may underestimate real threats. This study highlights the dark side of cooperation and self-sacrifice in groups.
A study published in Nature Immunology has identified two key proteins, KLF2 and S1P1, that influence immune response strategies. The findings suggest that cytokines play a major role in determining whether lymphocytes become resident memory cells or recirculate.
A new study published in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise found that children with poor motor performance at the start of school tend to have poorer reading and arithmetic skills than their peers. The study suggests that motor performance and movement skills are more important for academic success during the first years of school.
LLCD successfully transmitted data from lunar orbit to Earth at a rate of 622 Mbps, more than six times faster than previous radio systems flown to the moon. The demonstration validated laser communication technology for future space missions.
A global study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, Internal Medicine found that Mondays are when smokers are most likely to think about quitting. The research monitored Google search query logs from six languages and revealed a consistent pattern of quit smoking searches throughout the week.
A new smartphone-enabled otoscope attachment and app has been shown to accurately diagnose acute otitis media (ear infections) in children. The device provides high-quality video images of the ear drum, allowing for better understanding of the child's diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that HPV subtypes affecting African-American women differ significantly from those covered by available vaccines. This disparity raises concerns about the vaccines' effectiveness in preventing cervical cancer among African-American women.
Researchers discovered that doxycycline-induced neural stem cells exhibit increased proliferative activity and inhibitory differentiation similar to tumor stem cells. This suggests a possible link between neural stem cells and the origin of brain tumor stem cells.
Researchers from University of Pennsylvania found no evidence of the endowment effect in Hadza people, a hunter-gatherer society in Tanzania. The study suggests that this bias may not be universal and could have been shaped by cultural factors rather than evolutionary history.
Researchers at University of Wisconsin-Madison have created a highly detailed structural model of the rhinovirus C, which is responsible for up to half of all childhood colds. The new model shows that the virus has distinct surface features that make it difficult for drugs to effectively target it.
The first tropical cyclone of the Southern Indian Ocean season formed on October 27 and dissipated by October 28. The storm was characterized by an elongated low-level circulation center battling wind shear.
A new algorithm proposed by MIT professor Berthold Horn aims to alleviate traffic flow instabilities, which can cause unexplained traffic jams. The algorithm uses sensor information from cars behind and in front of each other to stabilize traffic flow and reduce the risk of jams.
Bushfires continued raging in New South Wales, with over 116,000 hectares burned. The MODIS instrument on NASA's Terra satellite detected heat from the fires and showed a large area of smoke in the Wollemi National Park.
A meta-analysis found that the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of glioma, especially in Asian populations. The study suggests that this genetic variation may serve as a biomarker for glioma susceptibility and provide scientific basis for population screening.
Researchers at Oregon State University have developed a platform to study the aqueous chemistry of aluminum, a crucial metal for human civilization. This breakthrough has the potential to unlock significant advances in electronics, manufacturing, agriculture, and drinking water treatment.
Hurricane Raymond strengthened into a hurricane again after moving into warmer waters with less wind shear, as captured by NASA's Aqua satellite. The storm then weakened due to increased wind shear, leading to its predicted dissipation in the next couple of days.
A study presented by Loyola University Medical Center sports medicine physician Neeru Jayanthi found that lower back injuries are the third most common injury suffered by young athletes under age 18. The study included over 1,200 athletes who suffered 843 injuries, with serious cases putting them at risk for long-term back problems.
Researchers found an association between autism spectrum disorder risk and prenatal weight gain, after accounting for important related factors. The study suggests that weight gain during pregnancy may serve as an important marker for autism's underlying gestational etiology.
A study of liposomal bupivacaine found it produces femoral nerve block lasting longer than 24 hours in volunteers, but the results are not straightforward due to variable responses and an inverse relationship between dose and response. Larger trials will be needed before the product can be recommended for routine clinical use.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory developed a technique to examine pore sizes in nanoporous carbons, revealing higher local structural order than previously believed. This discovery allows for more efficient gas extraction from shale deposits and potential carbon dioxide sequestration technologies.
A new approach to analyzing paleo-climate reconstructions reveals that El Niño activity during the 20th century was unusually high compared to past 600 years. The study found ENSO activity to be more active between 1979-2009 than any 30-year period in the past 600 years.
A study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine found that DIY and gardening activities can decrease total sedentary time, reducing heart attack/stroke risk by 27-30%. These routine activities are as good as exercise for older adults who struggle to achieve recommended exercise intensity levels.