The study showed that the Ebola VP40 protein exists as a dimer and rearranges its structure to assemble filaments for the virus shell or bind RNA, controlling various steps of the life cycle with multiple functions.
Researchers found that the signaling protein calcineurin upregulates Ang-2, promoting angiogenesis in lung endothelial cells. This pathway is crucial for metastasis, offering new targets for lung cancer therapy.
Researchers found that a gene related to vitamin D action, measured at birth, predicts bone density in children by four years of age. Vitamin D levels during pregnancy are also linked to the gene's activity.
Researchers have gained a comprehensive understanding of melittin's molecular-level action, which involves opening pores in cell membranes to attack cancer and bacteria. The study sheds light on how melittin forms transient pores at low concentrations and stable pores at higher concentrations.
Researchers at the University of Sheffield have identified four bacteria found in drinking water that can form biofilms on pipes. Combining these bacteria with Methylobacterium produces a biofilm within 72 hours. The study suggests targeting specific bacteria could prevent biofilm formation and reduce chemical treatments.
The new calculator uses detailed ACS NSQIP data to estimate patient-specific postoperative complication risks for over 1,500 unique surgical procedures. It also includes a Surgeon Adjustment Score to allow surgeons to counsel patients based on their experience and evaluation.
A new analysis of ostriches suggests that sauropod neck flexibility was probably lower than previously estimated due to the impact of soft tissues like muscle and cartilage. This reduced flexibility may have restricted the range of foods these dinosaurs could reach, leading to more active foraging.
Researchers have designed a new material that can dynamically modify sunlight as it passes through a window, maximizing both energy savings and occupant comfort. The coating provides selective control over visible light and heat-producing near-infrared (NIR) light.
Researchers found that extreme weather events like droughts, heat waves, and storms reduce the amount of carbon absorbed by terrestrial ecosystems, equivalent to about a third of global CO2 emissions per year. Satellites and recording stations documented the effects of these events on forests, bogs, and grasslands.
Researchers at the University of Michigan used an electroencephalogram to study how the brain responds to a fall. They found that many areas of the brain sense and respond to a fall, but this happens well before the muscles react. The study aims to improve understanding of falls in the elderly and potentially prevent them.
Physicists at ETH Zurich have successfully teleported information across a distance of six millimeters using a solid state system. This achievement demonstrates the potential for quantum communication and may lead to faster and more efficient quantum computing in the future.
A long-term study confirms that finasteride reduces the risk of prostate cancer by 43% in low-grade tumors and by 30% overall. This means thousands of men can avoid unnecessary treatments and burden on society.
Two studies link fusobacteria from mouth to colorectal cancer formation by stimulating bad immune responses and activating cancer growth genes. Fusobacteria rely on FadA molecule to attach to and invade human cells, promoting tumor growth.
Scientists have developed a reliable method for verifying the authenticity of rare stamps using infrared spectroscopy, which detected two counterfeits. The new technique allows for non-destructive testing and can be applied to various stamp components, providing a more comprehensive approach.
Salmonella bacteria can manipulate macrophages to switch from an inflammatory to anti-inflammatory state, promoting chronic asymptomatic carriage of typhoid fever. This mechanism could lead to new treatments for typhoid fever, a disease that causes hundreds of thousands of deaths each year.
Astronomers have measured the magnetic field emanating from a swirling disk of material surrounding the black hole at the center of our Milky Way Galaxy. The measurement, made by observing a recently-discovered pulsar, is providing a powerful new tool for studying the mysterious region at the core of our home galaxy.
Researchers at Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research found that lymph nodes in certain locations produce more regulatory T cells, which mediate tolerance to harmless substances. This 'location-specific memory' is crucial for maintaining the balance of the immune system and preventing autoimmune diseases.
The Mobile Radiation Detection and Identification System (MRDIS) enables scanning of transshipped containers, making it difficult for terrorists to smuggle radioactive materials. Eight MRDIS units have been deployed worldwide, with plans to expand to two international airports next year.
Researchers used visual projections of human heartbeats to alter subjects' perception of their body, inducing an out-of-body experience. The study suggests a novel approach to treating self-perception disorders like anorexia and body dysmorphic disorder.
Researchers at the University of Saskatchewan found that adding coriander oil to vegetable oil-based diets increases EPA and DHA levels in rainbow trout fillets. This alternative method reduces reliance on fish oil, promoting aquaculture sustainability and creating new market opportunities for spice growers.
A recent neutron study has revealed that HIV inhibitors have only two strong hydrogen bonds, presenting opportunities for improvement through structural changes and strengthening the binding. This discovery may also help address drug resistance by increasing the effectiveness of drugs and reducing dosages.
A new study by University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers found that children exposed to lead are nearly three times more likely to be suspended from school by the 4th grade. This highlights a significant disparity in school discipline, with African-American students facing a notable disadvantage.
Research finds that DNA-based familial search techniques can mistakenly identify second cousins and half-siblings as siblings, with a 3-18% chance of error for first cousins and up to 42% for half-siblings. This misidentification can lead to unnecessary investigations and exacerbate ethical concerns surrounding the use of these methods.
A team at UC Riverside developed a novel way to build resistive memory devices that can store terabytes of data, replacing current flash memory. The new technology uses zinc oxide nano-islands on silicon, eliminating the need for a separate selector device.
A comprehensive compendium of mutational processes explains most mutations found in 30 common cancer types, revealing the biological processes responsible. The study identifies a family of enzymes linked to over half of cancer types, and finds that DNA damage from viruses may cause collateral genetic changes.
A study by Michigan State University found that participation in a Medicaid-eligible pregnant women's program leads to improved health care during pregnancy and after birth. Women in the program had 25% more postnatal visits than those not enrolled, promoting healthy pregnancies and infant outcomes.
Dennis Hansell, a renowned chemical oceanographer, has been awarded the Sverdrup Lecture at the AGU Ocean Sciences Meeting. He will focus on the dynamics of organic material dissolved in the ocean and its role in elemental cycling.
Research suggests climate change induced drought, famines and invasions led to the collapse of Eastern Mediterranean civilizations. The study analyzed pollen grains and sediments to uncover environmental changes that likely drove this crisis.
A randomized phase II trial is investigating a personalized vaccine made from a patient's own brain tumor, combined with Avastin, for treating recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. The trial aims to extend survival and slow tumor progression, offering new hope for patients with limited treatment options.
A new study found that a type of MRSA originated in cattle at least 40 years ago, with genetic evidence tracing two subtypes back to farm animals. Researchers suggest direct contact between people and livestock may have transmitted the bacteria.
A new study found that watermelon juice enriched in L-citrulline relieves post-exercise muscle soreness. The natural juice also showed potential benefits, although L-citrulline was more bioavailable.
A recent study found that preschoolers who struggled with estimating quantities were more likely to have mathematical learning disabilities later on. Parents can help by emphasizing numerals and encouraging children to think about quantities in everyday situations.
Researchers found yeast cells can multiply up to six of their chromosomes during cell division and reverse this process, allowing for rapid adaptation to environmental conditions. This discovery provides a new model organism for studying aneuploidy and its potential implications for diagnosing and treating human diseases.
Researchers at UGA are developing a new treatment technique that uses nanoparticles to stimulate the immune system against breast cancer cells. By targeting mitochondria and activating dendritic cells, they can produce high levels of chemical signals that alert the immune system to attack cancer cells.
Researchers developed tissue-engineered nerves using acellular nerve allografts and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to repair long-segment sciatic nerve defects. The study showed improved hind limb motor function and similar conduction velocities to autologous nerve grafting.
A study by UT Arlington researcher Joshua Price found that financial incentives can encourage employees to lose weight. The most effective payment structure was a refundable participation fee, which led to the greatest weight loss outcomes. Regular payments seemed to work as a reinforcement for people to continue losing weight.
A recent study examined post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a group of 1,040 rescue workers who participated in the Wenchuan earthquake relief. The findings indicate that PTSD was diagnosed in 64% of the participants, primarily due to factors such as near-death experience, severe injury or mental trauma, and low social support.
Researchers project heat waves will increase in frequency and severity, covering 85% of the global land area by 2100 under a high emission scenario. The study found that extreme heat waves will be more damaging to society and ecosystems, causing heat-related deaths, forest fires, and losses to agricultural production.
The UCLA School of Dentistry is developing a salivary biomarker panel to detect stomach cancer using exRNA biomarkers. The research has the potential to create a new paradigm in salivary diagnostics, revealing saliva's transformative potential for detecting systemic diseases.
NOAA has expanded its National System of Marine Protected Areas by adding 82 existing sites, bringing the total number to 437. The additions include state marine protected areas from California and Texas, which will continue to be managed by their respective state governments.
San Diego State University researcher Sandy Bernstein receives $3.5m NIH grant to model human muscle diseases in fruit flies. His team uses genetically altered flies with engineered myosin protein mutations to better understand the effects on human health.
A large new study found that current non-invasive techniques for respiratory support are less effective in reducing severe lung injury in very premature infants. The study refutes the common assumption that these therapies are reducing severe lung injury and BPD in tiny babies.
A new study by Stanford researchers found that a virtual adviser, named Carmen, significantly increased walking among older Latino adults with low literacy levels. The participants who received personalized feedback and encouragement from Carmen showed an eight-fold increase in walking compared to the control group.
Scientists at Salk Institute find that enveloped viruses use phosphatidylserine to activate TAM receptors, disabling the interferon response and allowing infection. This discovery may lead to novel antiviral therapies that target this mechanism.
A $3 million NIH grant will fund a longitudinal study tracking preterm children's cognitive development from preschool to grade school. Healthy preterm babies are at high risk for lower academic achievement, especially in math.
A new analysis suggests that Greece's renewable energy programs, particularly solar, could lower domestic energy costs and provide an export commodity to aid in the country's economic recovery. However, addressing public concerns about foreign involvement is crucial for realizing solar's potential.
A study published in Spine Journal found that 65% of herniated lumbar discs resulted from avulsion of the vertebral end plate junction, rather than true rupture. The findings challenge conventional wisdom on how herniated discs occur and may lead to a reevaluation of treatment strategies.
Researchers found that Xingnao Jieyu capsules upregulate synaptotagmin expression in rats with post-stroke depression, improving depression symptoms. The therapeutic effects of Xingnao Jieyu capsules are similar to those of fluoxetine.
A study found that prostate cancer aggressiveness is established at tumor formation and does not change over time. The proportion of patients diagnosed with advanced-stage cancers decreased by more than six-fold after widespread PSA screening, while high Gleason grade cancers remained stable.
A new University of Michigan study found that Facebook use predicts declines in a user's well-being, undermining their social connection needs. In contrast, direct interactions with other people on the platform led participants to feel better over time.
Researchers at CWRU School of Dental Medicine have discovered the link between an oral bacterium and colorectal cancer. They found that Fusobacterium nucleatum can trigger cancerous cell growth by modulating E-cadherin/ß-catenin signaling.
A pilot study at a Johns Hopkins hospital emergency department found that ER patients consume high-octane beers in large quantities. The study analyzed data from 105 respondents and compared it to national market share data.
Scientists tracked the Chelyabinsk meteor plume using NASA satellite data, observing its formation of a thin stratospheric dust belt. The plume evolved as it moved around the Northern Hemisphere, with different particles experiencing varying wind speeds.
A collaborative study identifies PRNCR1 and PCGEM1 as long non-coding RNAs that activate androgen receptors, leading to cancer growth and resistance to treatment. The study provides a new target for therapies and offers hope for developing more effective treatments for aggressive prostate cancer.
A study by Yale School of Medicine researchers found a significant increase in preoperative breast MRI use among older women with breast cancer, leading to more aggressive surgical treatment. Women who received an MRI were more likely to undergo bilateral mastectomy and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy.
A study published in Nature reveals that extreme weather events, such as droughts and heatwaves, significantly reduce the global vegetation's ability to sequester carbon. This reduction can have a lasting impact on the global climate and long-term food security.
A new study finds that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy significantly reduces the risk of death in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The study, published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, analyzed data from 3,396 patients who used CPAP for at least t...
A new study by the American Society of Animal Science found that adult horses with low selenium levels have suppressed cell-mediated immunity, while antibody production remained unaffected. The researchers aimed to understand how different levels of selenium affect the immune system in horses.
A study by Michigan State University scholars questions whether global rankings fuel competition at the expense of financial stability and accessibility in higher education. The researchers found that universities receiving more federal research money tend to score higher in Shanghai rankings.
Two Tufts University biomedical graduate students, Seblewongel Asrat and Jennifer Nwankwo, have been awarded HHMI International Student Research Fellowships to study Legionnaires' disease and sickle cell disease. The fellowships provide $43,000 in funding for the first year, with renewal opportunities for two additional years.