A new study suggests that a half-dose of prasugrel, an anti-platelet drug used to treat heart attacks, works as well as the typical dosage in older patients over 75. The research found no greater risk of bleeding problems with a lower dose of 5-mg/day prasugrel compared to the standard 75-mg clopidogrel dosage.
A UCSF team discovered that a chemical found in an anti-wrinkle cream can increase mutant PINK1 enzyme activity to near normal levels, reversing cell death caused by Parkinson's-disease mutations. This finding suggests potential for new treatment strategies and raises hope for combatting other diseases, including diabetes and cancer.
UMass Amherst microbiologist Jim Holden launches new studies on microbes living deep in undersea volcanoes, funded by private philanthropists. His work addresses questions about the first life on Earth and potential microbial life on other planets.
Researchers at MIT have developed nanosensors that can detect variations in binding strength of antibody drugs, enabling more efficient production. The sensors also measure weak interactions with sugar chains, which are essential for drug effectiveness.
Dozens of fires detected in southeastern Africa, primarily in Mozambique and Malawi, indicating intentional burning by farmers. The fires, mainly during the main growing season, have been linked to agricultural practices to enhance crop yields and manage land.
A BIDMC research team will assess the use of microRNAs as biomarkers in predicting complications in patients who have suffered heart attacks. The goal is to identify microRNA biomarkers that can predict poor health outcomes after heart attacks.
Researchers investigate calving barchan dunes, stress fields on the West Salton detachment fault, and chemical interaction between peridotite and intruding melts. These studies provide insights into geological processes, such as landscape evolution and global climate models.
A new rechargeable flow battery has been engineered by MIT researchers, generating three times as much power per square centimeter as other membraneless systems. The device stores and releases energy through laminar flow, without relying on expensive membranes, and may enable cheaper, large-scale energy storage.
Children with autism exhibit exceptional math skills compared to non-autistic peers, linked to altered patterns of brain activity in visual object processing areas. The study suggests that atypical brain development can lead to remarkable cognitive strengths, contradicting the idea that autism only brings deficits.
University of East Anglia researchers found that female salmon and trout eggs prefer their own species' sperm for fertilization, even when given a simultaneous choice. The preference is driven by the ovarian fluid surrounding the egg, which contains a chemical signal that guides the sperm towards the egg.
Researchers used large-scale computer simulations to gain a detailed understanding of the cellular recognition process of MutS and MSH2-MSH6 proteins. The study found that DNA bending facilitates the initial recognition of mismatched base pairs, leading to repair initiation.
A new study found that middle-aged men are at a greater risk for having a first heart attack due to high cholesterol levels, unlike women who are also at risk but to a lesser extent. The study suggests that men with high cholesterol should be treated more aggressively to prevent infarctions and save lives.
Fires in eastern Russia's Siberia and Urals are often set by farmers to return nutrients to the soil and clear unwanted plants. These fires produce smoke degrading air quality, highlighting the need for fire management teams to limit uncontrolled wildfires.
Researchers found that giving chemotherapy drug carboplatin before radiotherapy could reduce relapse rates and allow radiation doses to be lowered in men with stage IIA and IIB testicular seminoma. The study showed improved treatment outcomes and reduced long-term side effects.
A psoriasis researcher has received a third NIH grant to explore the nervous system's involvement in psoriasis. The study aims to identify new targets for drug development and improve patient care by investigating nerve-derived peptides critical to sustaining the disease.
A new study published in The Journal of Pediatrics found that soft drink consumption in young children is associated with increased aggressive behavior, attention problems, and withdrawal symptoms. Children who consumed four or more servings per day were nearly twice as likely to exhibit these behaviors.
The study found that the proportion of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased, with virologic suppression rising from 35.5% to 63%, among perinatally infected HIV patients now approaching adulthood. However, older patients are more likely to experience higher viremia and advanced immunosuppression.
A new study finds that soft drink consumption is associated with aggressive behavior, attention problems, and withdrawal behavior in young children. Approximately 43% of the children consumed at least 1 serving of soft drinks per day, and those who drank 4 or more were more than twice as likely to engage in problem behaviors.
Tropical Storm Erin is intensifying in the eastern Atlantic due to strong thunderstorms and a 'hot tower' in its center, reaching maximum sustained winds near 40 mph. Research shows tropical cyclones with hot towers are more likely to intensify.
A new Northwestern University study has found that high financial debt is associated with higher diastolic blood pressure and poorer self-reported general and mental health in young adults. Individuals with high debt reported higher levels of perceived stress and depressive symptoms, as well as worse self-reported general health.
HZDR physicists offer new explanation for magnetic field-induced turbulences within 'dead zones,' enabling compact object formation. This breakthrough sheds light on the role of magnetic fields in planetary system formation.
Researchers have identified muscle cells as the primary source of positional control in regenerating planarians, enabling them to respond to wounds and regenerate missing tissues. This discovery opens new avenues for understanding regeneration and could potentially inform treatments for human injuries and diseases.
Dr. Deborah T. Gold, a renowned gerontologist, has been awarded the GSA's 2013 Distinguished Mentorship in Gerontology Award for her significant impact on the field. She is recognized for mentoring dozens of students who have gone on to take prominent roles in gerontology.
Researchers at Umeå University created graphene nanoscrolls with high efficiency by decorating iron oxide nanoparticles. The material shows promising properties as electrodes in Li-ion batteries due to its magnetic interaction and nitrogen defects.
A new study from the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center found that nearly 20% of women did not believe their breast cancer risk, citing concerns about family history and personal health habits. The study highlights the need for improved communication and understanding of risk information to make informed medical decisions.
Scientists sequenced entire genomes of high-altitude individuals and found 11 regions with significant differences between those with chronic mountain sickness and healthy controls. The study identified two genes, SENP1 and ANP32D, which were expressed more in individuals with the condition in response to low oxygen levels.
A new study estimates the average cost per case of drug-resistant TB in the EU, revealing significant economic burden and support for investing in more effective vaccines. The study found that the costs of treating MDR-TB and XDR-TB cases exceed €170,000 and €170,000 respectively.
A study found that dominant male turkeys express genes more like males and less like females, leading to increased attractiveness. Researchers suggest a similar pattern may exist in females, with more attractive women exhibiting higher female gene expression.
NASA satellite data revealed that Ex-Tropical Storm Utor still had a circulation after making landfall in southern China. The storm was responsible for one death and five missing persons as of August 15.
A Duke University-led study found that elements sulfur, carbon, and strontium have unique isotopic fingerprints, enabling scientists to quantify mountaintop mining's contribution to water pollution. These tracers will help distinguish between contamination from mountaintop mining and other sources.
Researchers at UC Riverside have discovered a transposon that benefits its host organisms by enhancing the immunity of plants against a pathogenic microorganism. The COPIA-R7 transposon interferes with the epigenetic code of the RPP7 gene, promoting activity and adjusting the plant's immune response.
A Florida State University researcher is studying how estrogen and progesterone impact the antidepressant effects of ketamine, which has shown promise in treating depression. The goal is to find a safer treatment for men, who require higher doses, while minimizing side effects.
Researchers found that toll-like receptor 4 is activated by fibrinogen cleavage products, which are generated by proteinase enzymes. This activation leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the recruitment of immune cells to the airways, resulting in asthma-like symptoms.
A recent clinical trial found that patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes treated with teplizumab exhibit greater preservation of C-peptide, a biomarker of islet cell function. Further analysis identified a discrete subset of treatment responders who demonstrated especially robust responses.
Scientists have identified a key enzyme that enables simple neurons in worms to transform into more elaborate shapes under stress, which may hold clues for developing drugs to treat severe anxiety disorders. The study also found that these transformed worms become highly resistant to stress and can survive extreme conditions.
Researchers discovered that sympathetic neurons communicate with pancreatic islet cells through norepinephrine, influencing their development and function. The study found deformities in the architecture of pancreatic islet cells and defects in insulin secretion and glucose metabolism in mutant mice.
Researchers found increased expression of interleukin-33 (IL-33) in human airways, linked to mucus production and other genes implicated in COPD. A mouse model also showed IL-33-producing epithelial progenitor cells induced by viral infection, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies.
A study analyzing three decades of British 'family annihilator' cases reveals four new types of male-dominated family killers, each with unique characteristics and motivations. The study found that August was the most common month for killings to take place, and stabbings were the most common murder method.
Aalto University researchers have measured entropy production of electrons in a dual temperature system, revealing a connection between two definitions of entropy and significant implications for future nanoelectronic devices. The study used conductors at different temperatures to measure electronic entropy production according to both...
Researchers demonstrated that using a continuum-based approach can explain the dynamics of liquid metal particles on substrates at nanoscales. The work has implications for self- and directed-assembly of metal nanoparticles on surfaces, particularly in solar cell devices.
Parmelee is recognized for her innovative contributions to gerontological treatment, practice, or service, particularly in the areas of pain management and caregiving. She has shaped the fields of gerontology, psychology, and medicine through her research on chronic pain and mental health.
A study by Wildlife Conservation Society and University of Minnesota reveals that the world's largest owl relies on old-growth forests for breeding and prey. Large trees provide critical habitats for salmon, supporting the owls' survival.
A study published in Psychological Science sheds light on two distinct brain activation patterns involved in prospective memory. Participants demonstrated sustained top-down monitoring for relevant tasks and environmental cues for irrelevant tasks, suggesting different strategies for remembering to remember.
A study by Johns Hopkins Medicine and Brazilian experts found that preventive antibiotic therapy for people with HIV lowers their chances of developing TB or dying. Isoniazid therapy reduced deaths and new cases of active TB disease by 31 percent among men and women already infected with HIV.
The discovery of the olinguito reveals that the world is not yet completely explored, with many species still unknown to science. The team's findings also highlight the critical need to protect the cloud forests of Ecuador and Colombia, which are under threat from human development.
Researchers at UC Davis have identified a potential drug target for brucellosis, a chronic and debilitating bacterial disease. The study found that PPARγ is responsible for altering the metabolism of immune cells to supply bacteria with energy, enabling its survival and replication.
A newly discovered species, Rugosodon eurasiaticus, has provided critical insights into the evolution of multituberculates, which dominated Earth's landscapes for over 100 million years. The fossil's well-preserved anatomy reveals adaptations for gnawing plants and animals alike, as well as highly mobile ankle joints.
A randomized clinical trial found that calcium and vitamin D supplementation did not reduce joint pain or swelling in postmenopausal women. The study analyzed data from the Women's Health Initiative calcium plus vitamin D supplementation trial, which included 1,911 participants.
A new study published in Nature reveals that Antarctic warming began around 22,000 years ago, significantly earlier than previously thought. This finding challenges the long-held assumption that West Antarctica waited for cue from the Northern Hemisphere to start warming.
A new study finds that obesity is responsible for 18% of deaths among Black and White Americans aged 40-85, nearly triple previous estimates. The condition's impact on mortality varies by age, birth cohort, sex, and race.
Researchers at ORNL introduced small amounts of non-superconducting material to control nanoscale columns, resulting in optimized superconducting performance. The wires achieved record-breaking engineering critical current density, exceeding twice the required level for most applications.
A new study published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings suggests that consuming more than 28 cups of coffee per week may increase mortality risk in individuals under 55 years old. The study of over 40,000 participants found a statistically significant association between heavy coffee consumption and all-cause mortality.
A new study by Michigan State University found that improved caregiver training can significantly enhance the development of HIV-infected children. The program also reduces depression in caregivers, who are often the children's mothers and must work long hours to provide food.
A health risk score called the Rothman Index, calculated from routine electronic medical records data, can predict hospital readmission. It may help lower repeat hospitalization risk by identifying patients at high risk and providing a practical tool for clinicians to target hospital programs and supports.
The discovery of the olinguito is the first carnivore species to be found in the Western Hemisphere in over 35 years. The animal was discovered in cloud forests of Colombia and Ecuador through a combination of DNA testing, museum specimens, and field expeditions.
A new study by Tufts University suggests that vasectomy may be more effective than traditional neutering in managing feral cat populations, as it prevents reproductive hormones from protecting turf from competitors. The research supports the use of a trap-vasectomy-hysterectomy-release method to control feral cat colonies.
New Northwestern University research shows that aerobic exercise during the day does not result in improved sleep that same night for people with existing sleep problems. Regular exercise is a healthier way to address underlying insomnia issues, as it can lead to better sleep quality and reduced fatigue over time.
Researchers at the University of Adelaide have discovered a novel visual circuit in dragonflies' brains that combines opposite pathways for processing simple dark objects. This finding has implications for improving vision systems in robots and developing neural prosthetics.
A recent study published in the journal Cell highlights the natural regenerative capacity of cardiac stem cells that reside in the heart. These cells are responsible for repairing and regenerating muscle tissue damaged by a heart attack, which leads to heart failure.
Patients who quit smoking through a simple intervention had better mental health outcomes and were less likely to be hospitalized again. The study challenges the long-held assumption that smoking serves as a useful tool in treating some psychiatric patients.