Researchers have developed a class of chemical agents that targets new biological receptors in bacteria, changing their multicellular behaviors. These disaccharide derivatives mimic natural rhamnolipids and have potential applications in treating bacterial infections and inhibiting horizontal gene transfer.
Shortfin molly fish populations have evolved genetic changes that enable them to thrive in hydrogen sulphide-rich springs. The adaptations involve changes in the cox1 and cox3 genes, allowing the fish to maintain COX activity under high H2S concentrations.
A new study reveals that coral reefs provide substantial protection against natural hazards, reducing wave energy by an average of 97%. The restoration and conservation of coral reefs is a cost-effective solution to reduce risks from coastal hazards and climate change, benefiting hundreds of millions of people worldwide.
Research reveals that people tend to choose tasks with more physical effort to get them done faster, despite it being less efficient. This preference is driven by the desire to relieve stress and lighten their mental load.
Researchers found that forgiving a transgression can facilitate forgetting of its details, especially when the participant is instructed to forget. The study's findings suggest that forgiveness may be linked to suppression of negative memories and emotions.
Researchers from UT Dallas have created electronic devices that become soft when implanted inside the body and can deploy to grip 3-D objects. The biologically adaptive, flexible transistors might help doctors learn more about what's happening inside the body and stimulate the body for treatments.
A study suggests that nitrogen pollution can be reduced by 50 percent through targeted fertilizer application, recycling animal dung, and changing consumer habits such as reducing food waste and meat consumption. The findings highlight the importance of addressing nitrogen pollution to mitigate both health and climate impacts.
University of Missouri researchers have completed a 3D map of the Proline utilization A (PutA) enzyme, which facilitates metabolism by adding oxygen to molecules. This understanding will help drug manufacturers create more effective treatments for diseases like h. pylori infection.
University of Central Florida physicists have developed a new ultrafast light source to observe electron motion in molecules, allowing scientists to understand how electrons interact with each other. This breakthrough may lead to improved efficiency in solar cells and unlock new rules for quantum mechanics.
Researchers found that zebrafish exposed to alcohol exhibited increased swimming speeds in the presence of peers, while unexposed fish modulated their behavior accordingly. This social influence may constitute a form of leadership, challenging traditional views on individual responses to alcohol.
Research finds that collegiate football players with a concussion history have smaller hippocampal volumes and slower reaction times compared to those without a concussion. The study suggests long-term anatomical and cognitive consequences of mild traumatic brain injury in young athletes.
A new activity-recognition algorithm has been developed, enabling computers to efficiently search video for actions. The algorithm's execution time scales linearly with the size of the video file, and it can make good guesses about partially completed actions.
A new study reveals that athletes who have a lifelong history of endurance events may experience abnormal heart rhythms due to molecular changes in their heart's pacemaker. Elderly athletes are more likely to need artificial pacemakers fitted compared to normal adults.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discovered a protein called Chd5 that plays a crucial role in chromatin remodeling during sperm development. The team found that Chd5 is essential for maintaining the genetic information of male fertility, and its absence can lead to infertility and increased risk of disease.
Carnegie Mellon researchers will test the eXpressive Internet Architecture (XIA) in vehicular networks and for delivering online video. The deployment aims to eliminate bottlenecks in video transmission, which accounts for most internet traffic.
A phase 3 study found that evolocumab, a human monoclonal antibody, added to moderate- or high-intensity statin therapy further lowers LDL-C levels by up to 24 percent. The treatment was well-tolerated and showed similar results across different statin types and doses.
A new study from the University of Iowa reveals that Iowa's air quality is generally clean, but with notable variations between urban and rural areas. The research found higher concentrations of fine particulate pollutants in urban locations, particularly associated with vehicle exhaust and industrial activity.
Leading scientists from the U.S., Canada, and Belgium discussed cancer stem cells, highlighting their challenges in targeted cancer treatments. The symposium aimed to spark productive dialogues among researchers attending, according to Paul Frenette, director and chair of Einstein's Stem Cell Institute.
Researchers are exploring a new therapy to eliminate the major risk of minor bleeding after stroke, focusing on diabetic patients who are at higher risk. The treatment involves an iron chelating agent that can remove excess iron from the brain, reducing damage and promoting recovery.
Scientists at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem have reported a major breakthrough in understanding the molecular basis for Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a disease that involves defects in parental imprinting. The researchers created a model for PWS by reprogramming skin cells from patients into embryonic-like cells, showing that pater...
Rice University synthetic biologist Jeff Tabor is working on a three-year project to engineer probiotic bacteria that can detect disease signals in the gut and prevent diseases such as obesity and depression. The goal is to create an edible probiotic bacterium that can help protect sailors and marines from these health issues.
The article highlights the potential of social enterprise businesses in creating employment opportunities for people with disabilities. The author, Elaine E. Katz, details two successful examples, Hudson Community Enterprises and Destination Desserts, which have generated revenue and provided market-driven pay rates for employees.
A study found that C-section deliveries and early antibiotic treatment may alter a child's microbiota, increasing the risk of developing eosinophilic esophagitis. The condition is marked by irritation, inflammation, and constriction of the esophagus, and its symptoms mimic garden-variety gastritis.
Researchers at JAX Laboratory have identified a protein involved in both wound healing and tumor growth as a potential therapeutic target. The study found that manipulating this protein could stimulate healing in wound patients while dialing back cancerous proliferation.
A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found no association between resveratrol consumption and improved health outcomes. The research suggests that the supposed health benefits of resveratrol from food sources may be exaggerated or entirely unwarranted.
The Banking on Solar working group aims to standardize contracts and underwriting processes, educating banks about the risks and rewards of solar assets. This effort has already begun developing standardized loan documents and underwriting criteria in residential and commercial markets.
A study found that parental disapproval is associated with lower rates of prescription drug misuse, particularly in African American and Hispanic teens. Strong parental disapproval of substance use was a stronger factor for these groups than peer attitudes.
A study published in Psychological Science found that finding a direction for life and setting overarching goals can help people live longer. The research analyzed data from over 6000 participants and found that greater purpose in life consistently predicted lower mortality risk across the lifespan.
Corneal nerve fiber assessment has great potential as a tool to diagnose and monitor peripheral neuropathy induced by HIV, say scientists at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. The study found that SIV-infected macaque model showed decreased corneal nerve fiber density and correlated with epidermal nerve fiber length.
A new study reveals that US cervical cancer rates are higher than previously believed, particularly among women over 65 and African-American women. The study found an age-standardized rate of 18.6 cases of cervical cancer per 100,000 women, with incidence increasing steadily with age.
Researchers found that miRNA-9 binds to and potentially reduces the activity of oligodendrocyte lineage gene 1 during hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. This regulatory mechanism may play a role in myelin repair and neurological disorder development.
A study published in Neural Regeneration Research found an unusual neural connection between the injured cingulum and brainstem cholinergic nuclei in a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage. This phenomenon was detected using diffusion tensor tractography, revealing a novel pathway for neural communication.
A new study found that individuals recently released from prison or on parole have a significantly increased risk of visiting hospitals and emergency departments. The study suggests potential cost savings if preventive care can be provided through timely access to health insurance coverage.
Researchers identified potentially actionable mutations in cancers of the appendix using next-generation DNA sequencing. KRAS and GNAS mutations were found to be common alterations in both low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) and adenocarcinoma tumors.
Researchers at Northwestern University developed a new metric to measure energy consumption efficiency in animals of different sizes. Contrary to expectations, the study found that the gray whale and skipjack tuna are almost equally efficient, with the whale's higher fuel consumption being an unavoidable consequence of physics.
Researchers found that college students were more likely to drive and ride after marijuana use compared to alcohol use. The study suggests that social norms regarding marijuana use are changing, leading to increased acceptance of driving under the influence of marijuana.
Research reveals prehistoric Europeans consumed psychoactive plants and fermented beverages in rituals to connect with the spirit world. Archaeological evidence suggests socially controlled use of these substances, contrasting with modern hedonistic views.
New targets for drug therapy have been identified in the mast cell system, including enzymes and receptors. These targets include serine proteinases tryptase, chymase, cathepsin G, and proinflammatory cytokines.
A novel plasma actuator improves plasma authority at high wind speeds, suppressing boundary layer separation and reducing model vibration on a UAV. The study demonstrates an important role of plasma actuators in real applications.
A comprehensive analysis of e-cigarette research reveals industry health claims are unsupported, and exposure is associated with indoor air pollution. E-cigarettes should be regulated to protect public health.
New prescription drugs are delayed in Canada due to pharmaceutical company submissions to Health Canada. The mean delay was 540 days for approved drugs submitted to the US and EU first.
Beaumont Children's Hospital has been awarded a $20,000 grant from CureSearch to support therapeutic clinical trials for children with cancer. The hospital believes that clinical trials are essential in helping children with cancer, and this funding will enable them to open additional studies and reach more patients.
Researchers at Université Laval have discovered a natural molecule called protectin DX (PDX) that improves insulin sensitivity and reduces blood glucose levels in obese diabetic rats. PDX triggers the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in muscle cells, similar to exercise, but its efficacy may be comparable to certain diabetes drugs.
Researchers have discovered a synthetic molecule that inhibits T-cell signaling in the lungs, preventing asthma symptoms such as inflammation and airway constriction. The molecule shows promise for treating asthma, a chronic disease affecting over 25 million Americans.
A study from North Carolina State University found that increases in dopamine levels trigger dramatic physical changes in Indian jumping ant workers, transforming them into warrior queens with elevated life expectancy. This discovery has implications for understanding social insect behavior and epigenetics.
The robotic arm, developed by EPFL researchers, is capable of catching projectiles with irregular shapes and trajectories. It achieves this through a combination of machine learning algorithms and real-time adjustments, enabling it to catch objects in less than five-hundredths of a second.
23andMe's new HaploScore algorithm improves IBD detection accuracy, enabling more accurate genetic relationships and ancestry reports. The open-source algorithm can be applied to existing IBD segments, differentiating between true and false positives.
Research suggests that economic conditions during the formative years of emerging adulthood can leave a lasting mark on individuals' self-concept. People who entered their adulthood during hard economic times are less narcissistic later in life than those who came of age during more prosperous times.
Researchers developed a self-administered program called 'Connecting' to guide foster families through exercises that bring them closer together. The program uses short videos of former foster youth describing their experiences in child welfare and encourages caregivers to share basic information with their teens.
A nationwide dataset analysis found that black women are 1.84 times more likely to be diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer, a subtype with poorer prognosis. Asian/Pacific Islander women were also more likely to be diagnosed with HER2-overexpressing breast cancer.
Recent HADES experiments have ruled out the U boson as a potential Dark Matter candidate, but the search continues. The negative results challenge the Standard Model of particle physics and leave room for further investigation into physics beyond the current understanding.
Brookhaven physicists Mark Dean, Xin Qian, and Bjoern Schenke are awarded DOE funding to explore magnetic excitations in materials, develop detectors for precision neutrino measurements, and study high-energy nuclear collisions. The grants support research at Brookhaven National Laboratory.
Researchers identified a protein called CFIm25, which regulates messenger RNA length and promotes tumor growth. Restoring CFIm25 levels in brain tumors dramatically reduced their growth, providing a potential novel therapeutic strategy.
Researchers investigated the connection between small-vessel disease and Alzheimer's disease pathology, revealing a possible correlation with cognitive impairment. The study found that small vessel disease may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's-like pathology in the brain.
A new study suggests that US cervical cancer incidence rates may be underestimated due to the inclusion of women who have undergone a hysterectomy in calculations. Rates were found to increase with age, particularly among older women and black women.
Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania have combined graphene with a painkiller receptor to create an artificial chemical sensor. The device uses electrical responses instead of biochemical ones, allowing it to be read out by a computer. This technology has potential applications in drug development and various diagnostic tests.
NREL honored Principal Engineer Bhushan Sopori with the Distinguished Innovator Award for his leadership in solar energy research. The lab also recognized Rising Stars, including Kirstin Alberi, Arrelaine Dameron, and Gregg Beckham, who have made significant contributions to technology transfer and commercialization.
Researchers found that at least one in four Medicare recipients received wasteful services in 2009, resulting in $1.9 billion in unnecessary spending. The study used novel methods to measure low-value care and provides tools for evaluating reform efforts aimed at reducing waste.
A Purdue study reveals that reducing corn's growing conditions by 2 hours a day can lower its height by 9-10% and reduce stalk diameter by 8-9% while maintaining its seed yield. This technique could enable controlled environment agriculture in mines and caves for growing high-value transgenic crops.
The study analyzed low-value care in Medicare and found potential signs of overuse. It suggests that unnecessary services may be prevalent in the program, highlighting opportunities for improvement.