Stowers researchers identified two classes of pheromone receptors that help male mice detect female presence and ovulation, essential for triggering the mating process. The findings provide new insight into how the mammalian brain processes sensory information like pheromones to elicit courtship behaviors.
Researchers have identified two new radiological signs of potentially life-threatening gastric lap band slippage, enabling radiologists to accurately diagnose the condition. The new signs include inferior displacement of the superolateral band margin and air-fluid levels above the band on frontal radiographs.
Children with spina bifida face challenges in self-care, mobility, and social function due to spasticity, urinary and fecal incontinence, and neurocognitive retardation. A study found that low-level lesions, muscular strength, and independence in mobility are crucial for functional independence.
A team of astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope measured water vapour in the atmospheres of three gas giants, finding levels one-tenth to one-thousandth that predicted by standard theory. This discovery raises questions about exoplanet formation and highlights challenges in searching for water on Earth-like planets.
A Rutgers University study found individual property owners prefer community-based rebuilding efforts, but are skeptical they'll happen. Residents in Sandy-affected towns expressed concerns about the likelihood of coordinated planning and rebuilding.
A recent USC Marshall study found that companies led by narcissistic CEOs have higher earnings-per-share and share price than those with non-narcissistic CEOs. However, this may be achieved through short-term manipulations that can be detrimental to the company's long-term health.
A study found that minority women who received HPV vaccination even after becoming sexually active had lower rates of abnormal Pap test results. The study suggests that incomplete HPV vaccination may still offer some protection against cervical cancer and its precursors.
Leaf-mining insects completely disappeared after the dinosaur extinction event, only to reappear a million years later with diverse damage patterns. The researchers found nine different mine-damage types at Mexican Hat attributable to moths, wasps, and flies, suggesting an influx of novel insect herbivores during the early Paleocene.
Researchers found that fast-growing melanoma cells 'piggy-back' with invasive cells to establish new tumors, increasing the disease's deadly potential. The discovery could lead to new treatments for aggressive melanoma.
Researchers found a significant increase in hospital admissions among young Ontarians during their 19th birthday week, with spikes also observed at other ages. Birthday-related drinking was associated with upsurges in hospital admissions, particularly for alcohol-related events.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a new technique to create non-equilibrium systems by injecting energy through oscillations, enabling the self-assembly of particles under non-equilibrium conditions. This breakthrough brings scientists closer to understanding the fundamentals of non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
A new study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases found that less than 1% of UK public and charitable funding was allocated to bacteriology projects, with only around 0.7% dedicated to antibiotic research. This inadequate funding poses a significant threat to tackling the growing crisis of antibiotic resistance.
Northwestern University professor Guillermo Ameer's team created a biodegradable, antioxidant biomaterial that reduces scarring and heals diabetic ulcers. The material is made from citric acid and vitamin C, and has potential applications in tissue engineering, medical device coating, and regenerative medicine.
Researchers identified central memory T cells as multipotent and self-renewing, generating diverse types of offspring to fight infections. This discovery has implications for clinical cell therapy and may improve the efficacy of immune-based treatments for cancers and other diseases.
Researchers found that endostatin helps maintain stable neural circuit function through homeostatic plasticity. This discovery challenges previous views on the protein's functions and opens new avenues for understanding neurological disorders.
Researchers from the University of Miami found that iron-rich Saharan dust provides nutrients for specialized bacteria producing carbonate-based foundation. The study suggests that high concentrations of iron-rich dust blown across the Atlantic Ocean are responsible for the formation of the Great Bahama Bank.
Researchers found water vapour abundance to be between ten and a thousand times less than predicted models, raising questions about the chemical processes involved in planet formation. The discovery has implications for searching for life on exoplanets capable of supporting it.
A genetic screening test can predict which children with one of the most common childhood kidney diseases will respond to standard therapies, guiding treatment and improving clinical outcomes. The test was found to be more predictive than a kidney biopsy in identifying non-responders to immunosuppressive treatments.
Researchers developed a predictive model to identify carcinogenic chemicals using gene expression response in the liver, improving cancer screening and evaluation processes. The new approach enables accurate and cost-effective screening for over 80,000 chemicals currently in commercial use.
Whitehead Institute researchers have discovered a way to manipulate and maintain human ESCs in a "naïve" or base pluripotent state without reprogramming factors. This breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize human ESC research and may lead to new treatments for diseases.
A new AI algorithm analyzes the Beatles' albums, demonstrating a progressive change in their musical style from one album to the next. The algorithm was also applied to other bands, such as Queen and U2, with notable results.
A University of Iowa study found that background TV can divert children's attention from play and learning, negatively affecting cognitive development. Parents who create a loving and nurturing environment with set rules and expectations can help buffer these impacts.
Researchers at ORNL used microscopy and data processing to study the surface of a perovskite manganite, revealing a Jahn-Teller distortion caused by oxygen atoms. This finding could improve our understanding of sensitive applications like solid fuel cells and oxygen sensors.
Researchers have discovered how viruses called bacteriophages can be engineered to target and destroy a range of bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant C. diff, which causes fatal infections in hospitals. The study provides hope for developing an alternative to antibiotics.
Researchers at the University of Western Australia discovered that soluble NRG1 plays a role in early peripheral nerve regeneration phases, promoting axon degeneration and regrowth. Soluble NRG1, already used in human trials for heart failure treatment, may be an effective therapeutic candidate to promote nerve regeneration.
A new congressionally mandated report emphasizes the need for US nuclear plant operators and regulators to proactively seek out new information about potential hazards. The Fukushima Daiichi accident highlighted the importance of this approach in preventing or mitigating the consequences of severe nuclear accidents.
A new Stanford study outlines a plan to convert California's all-purpose energy infrastructure to renewable energy by 2050. The plan could create tens of thousands of jobs and save billions in pollution-related health costs while reducing air pollution mortality and global warming emissions.
Patients with diabetes are at a higher risk for developing head and neck cancers, which account for about 6% of all cancer cases globally. A study found that the incidence of HNC was 1.47 times higher in diabetic patients compared to those without diabetes.
Researchers at the University of East Anglia have found that cells in plants, yeast, and animals continue to perform reactions thought to be responsible for life's origin four billion years ago. These reactions involve iron, sulfur, and electro-chemistry, essential for functions like respiration and photosynthesis.
Researchers discovered a link between credit assignment and choice bias, finding that people value rewards they choose more than equivalent rewards not chosen. The study used computational modeling and behavioral experiments to test the hypothesis, and found evidence supporting the proposed biological mechanism.
Researchers have identified two mutations in the CC2D1A gene that prevent its expression, leading to intellectual disability, autism, and seizures. The gene regulates a critical signaling pathway controlling neuronal balance.
A new study of identical twins found that early reading skills are positively associated with later intellectual abilities. The researchers tested 1,890 pairs of twins from ages 7 to 16 and found a link between reading ability and intelligence.
Dr. Bhavani Iyer has been awarded a $164,645 SightFirst grant to provide outreach programs and education for thousands in Harris County with low vision. The program aims to address barriers faced by individuals with low vision and offer resources such as low vision devices and training.
Astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope found three 'hot Jupiters' with significantly lower than expected water vapor levels, challenging current theories on planet formation and migration. The discovery may require instruments to be designed with higher sensitivity for future space telescopes searching for water in potentially...
Research suggests that cultural stereotypes form and evolve as social information is repeatedly passed down a chain of individuals. Stereotypes become simpler, more structured, and easier to learn, reflecting cognitive limitations and biases.
The grant will fund GS-LSAMP II from July 2014 through June 2019, expanding upon the success of its precursor, which doubled the number of minority students earning bachelor's degrees in STEM since 2009. The program provides academic support and research opportunities to over 2,000 students across New Jersey colleges.
Scientists found mutations in the PfHAD1 protein, which normally slows down isoprenoid synthesis. This discovery is relevant for other infectious diseases like tuberculosis and bacterial infections.
Roland Roeder will receive funding to support his research on dynamics in complex variables and train graduate students. He aims to provide talented high school students with advanced math education and research opportunities.
Researchers discovered a way to increase polysaccharides in barley plants, blocking fungal penetration and creating more resistant lines available for growers. Powdery mildew is a significant problem worldwide, causing up to 25% yield reductions and market value losses.
Researchers at Université catholique de Louvain successfully identified a family of pharmaceutical compounds that prevent the formation of human tumor metastasis. The study found that mitochondria can promote cell migration leading to metastasis, which can be blocked by specific antioxidants.
Biologists at SDSU have found a novel virus, crAssphage, that infects Bacteroidetes bacteria and is widespread in human populations. The discovery suggests a potential link between the virus and obesity-related diseases.
Researchers investigated how HIV infection affects semen bacteria and immune response, finding a link between higher viral loads and increased bacterial and cytokine levels. This discovery could lead to new ways to control the spread of HIV by targeting semen bacteria.
A study tracking bacterial populations over a year found daily fluctuations in response to diet and other factors. The researchers also discovered that certain strains of bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, can be protected against inflammatory bowel disease by eating citrus.
A new drug, AL-8176, has been shown to safely reduce RSV viral load and clinical illness in healthy adult volunteers. The Phase 2 challenge study achieved primary and secondary endpoints of lower viral load and improvements in symptom scores.
Research suggests that shift work is associated with a heightened risk of developing type 2 diabetes, particularly among men and those working rotating shift patterns. The study found a 37% increased risk for men and a 9% increased risk for all participants compared to working normal office hours.
A new study finds that marriages where a wife has more education than her husband are no longer associated with a higher risk of divorce. In fact, couples in which both individuals have equal levels of education are now less likely to divorce than those in which husbands have more education.
Astronomers have mapped the mass within a galaxy cluster, MCS J0416.1-2403, more precisely than ever before using unprecedented depth of data from Hubble's Frontier Fields programme. The team identified 51 new multiply imaged galaxies around the cluster, quadrupling the number found in previous surveys.
Research at York University reveals that moose drool can slow down the growth of a toxic fungus in red fescue grass, reducing its toxicity. The study suggests that repeated exposure to moose saliva may lead to lower toxin levels in affected areas.
A study published in Journal of Pediatric Urology found that for most children with antenatal hydronephrosis, continuous antibiotics are not needed. The research suggests that prophylactic antibiotics are only necessary for those with severe conditions, reducing the risk of urinary tract infections.
A new policy paper highlights how declining wildlife populations drive violent conflicts, organized crime, and child labor worldwide. Biologists must join forces with experts from various fields to address this complex challenge.
Scientists have identified four biological subtypes of stomach cancer based on shared mutations and molecular abnormalities, promising to guide clinical trials for improved therapies. The new classification could lead to targeted treatments for aggressive cancers with a high five-year survival rate below 25 percent.
Typhoon Matmo made its final landfall in mainland China on July 23, bringing category one winds of 74 knots. The typhoon's center moved inland over southeastern China, with rapid weakening expected due to friction and an approaching trough.
Researchers found that job seekers are more likely to move for work if offered long-term contracts with training opportunities. Women, married individuals, and homeowners require higher wage premiums to accept regional jobs.
Heavy smoke from forest fires in the Northern Territories has triggered a high health risk warning for Yellowknife and surrounding areas. The smoke contains harmful particles and chemicals, posing risks to vulnerable populations such as those with cardiovascular or respiratory conditions.
Maria Martinez-Cosio and Mirle Bussell's book explores private foundations' challenges in community revitalization, finding that building trusting relationships with residents is key to success. The team's research argues that foundations must invest time and effort to build partnerships with underserved populations.
The Sino-U.S. Joint Research Center for Food Safety will conduct research on global food safety-related policies, establish an international research platform, and propose solutions for hazards in the food industry value chain.
A study at a Veterans Affairs hospital found that implementing a postoperative pneumonia prevention program led to a significant decrease in pneumonia rates, from 0.78% to 0.25%. The hospital reported a total of 18 cases of postoperative pneumonia among 4,099 patients between 2008 and 2012.
Researchers developed a biodegradable nerve conduit using genipin-cross-linked gelatin and beta-tricalcium phosphate, combining it with diode laser therapy to repair long-gap sciatic nerves. The study found that this combination accelerated nerve regeneration, improved reinnervation rates, and enhanced muscle recruitment.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that over 80% of hospitalized patients with C. diff tested positive outside the hospital or within 72 hours, suggesting community and healthcare settings play key roles in infection identification. The study's comprehensive view provides new insights into the contagious disease.
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology discovered that proteins can be constructed of similar amino acid chains even when their three-dimensional shapes differ significantly. This suggests that modern proteins arose from common precursors, built up from smaller fragments according to a modular principle.